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Figure 1.2.1 Design of transport module.
(a) Cyanobacteria actively export Na+ by Na+/H+ antiporter(green oval) and P-type Na+ ATPase (blue-green oval) to resist Na+ flowing inside through Na+ channels(Blue box) under saline environment.
(b) Under starvation, ATP reserve has been exhausted and Na+ flow through Na+ channels, which is driven by the negative membrane potential generated by halorhodopsin (green oval).