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   <h1>OVERVIEW</h1>
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<p><span class="first-character atw">W</span>hen the New York fashion community notices your brand, the world soon follows. The widespread love for UGG extended to Europe in the mid-2000's along with the stylish casual movement and demand for premium casual fashion. UGG boots and shoes were now seen walking the streets of London, Paris and Amsterdam with regularity. To meet the rising demand from new fans, UGG opened flagship stores in the UK and an additional location in Moscow. As the love spread farther East, concept stores were opened in Beijing, Shanghai and Tokyo. UGG Australia is now an international brand that is loved by all. This love is a result of a magical combination of the amazing functional benefits of sheepskin and the heightened emotional feeling you get when you slip them on your feet. In short, you just feel better all over when you wear UGG boots, slippers, and shoes.</p>
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      <h2>SENDER</h2>
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    <p><span class="first-character sc">T</span>he light producing component of the communication system is initiated by a constitutive promoter (BBa_J23100) and followed by an RBS and the lux box. Expression of the genes in the lux box is responsible for producing luminescence. The box contains the following genes in order: LuxC, D, A, B, E and G. Lux A and B are responsible for encoding two subunits of bacterial luciferase. The genes LuxC, D, and E code for the substrate for the light emitting reaction, tetradecanal. The luxG gene has no known function, however, inclusion of the gene is known to increase light output. The circuit is completed with a stop codon and a terminator. </p>
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      <p class="margin-top-10"> The emerging field of optogenetics has driven development of truly fascinating bacterial systems. Scientists have been able to achieve optogenetic control of cell function using engineered photoreceptors, edge detection of an illuminated design, and even patterns on cells with fluorescent proteins. The field still harbors a lot of potential that has yet to be explored. (S Karig)</p>
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     <p class="margin-top-10">The Penn 2015 iGEM team attempted to exploit this potential by using light to drive cell communication.  Talk between bacterial populations, known as quorum sensing is reliant on diffusion of chemical autoinducers produced by the cell.  This process enables microorganisms to modify gene expression as a function of cell density. The reliance of quorum sensing on chemical diffusion restricts communication to within common environments and compatible conditions. However, the use of bioluminescent sender cells and light-sensitive receiver cells to drive talk between cells overcomes these limitations. The system is effective across boundaries, in different environments, and in populations with different growth conditions or antibiotic resistances. Additionally, future research teams can also take advantage of the orthogonality of light to chemicals and spatiotemporal control of light in any future project endeavors.</p>
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    <p class="margin-top-10">When the New York fashion community notices your brand, the world soon follows. The widespread love for UGG extended to Europe in the mid-2000's along with the stylish casual movement and demand for premium casual fashion. UGG boots and shoes were now seen walking the streets of London, Paris and Amsterdam with regularity. To meet the rising demand from new fans, UGG opened flagship stores in the UK and an additional location in Moscow. As the love spread farther East, concept stores were opened in Beijing, Shanghai and Tokyo. UGG Australia is now an international brand that is loved by all. This love is a result of a magical combination of the amazing functional benefits of sheepskin and the heightened emotional feeling you get when you slip them on your feet. In short, you just feel better all over when you wear UGG boots, slippers, and shoes.</p>
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<p class="margin-top-10">The design of our project was inspired by an electrical engineering system known as a photocoupler (pictured below.) </p>
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    <h10><span class="first-character ny">B</span>reaking into the New York fashion world is no easy task. But by the early 2000's, UGG Australia began to take it by storm. The evolution of UGG from a brand that made sheepskin boots, slippers, clogs and sandals for an active, outdoor lifestyle to a brand that was now being touted as a symbol of a stylish, casual and luxurious lifestyle was swift. Much of this was due to a brand repositioning effort that transformed UGG into a high-end luxury footwear maker. As a fashion brand, UGG advertisements now graced the pages of Vogue Magazine as well as other fashion books. In the mid 2000's, the desire for premium casual fashion was popping up all over the world and UGG was now perfectly aligned with this movement.</h>
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    <p class="margin-top-10">Fueled by celebrities from coast to coast wearing UGG boots and slippers on their downtime, an entirely new era of fashion was carved out. As a result, the desire and love for UGG increased as people wanted to go deeper into this relaxed UGG experience. UGG began offering numerous color and style variations on their sheepskin boots and slippers. Cold weather boots for women and men and leather casuals were added with great success. What started as a niche item, UGG sheepskin boots were now a must-have staple in everyone's wardrobe. More UGG collections followed, showcasing everything from knit boots to sneakers to wedges, all the while maintaining that luxurious feel UGG is known for all over the world. UGG products were now seen on runways and in fashion shoots from coast to coast. Before long, the love spread even further.</p>
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<p class="margin-top-10"><br>This component works by transferring electrical signals between isolated circuits by using light. Our system is a biological analog of the optocoupler, a cell-to-cell communication system in which a "sender" cell transfers a light signal to an isolated "receiver" cell, which expresses photoreceptors to enable a light-dependent response.  (CITATION) Please click on the links below to learn more about the individual components of our project. </p>
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    <h2>LIGHT BASED COMMUNICATION</h2>
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    <p><span class="first-character atw">W</span>hen the New York fashion community notices your brand, the world soon follows. The widespread love for UGG extended to Europe in the mid-2000's along with the stylish casual movement and demand for premium casual fashion. UGG boots and shoes were now seen walking the streets of London, Paris and Amsterdam with regularity. To meet the rising demand from new fans, UGG opened flagship stores in the UK and an additional location in Moscow. As the love spread farther East, concept stores were opened in Beijing, Shanghai and Tokyo. UGG Australia is now an international brand that is loved by all. This love is a result of a magical combination of the amazing functional benefits of sheepskin and the heightened emotional feeling you get when you slip them on your feet. In short, you just feel better all over when you wear UGG boots, slippers, and shoes.</p>
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<td width="25%"><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Penn/Sender"><img id = "daicon" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/88/2015SENDERLINK.png" height="50%" width="95%"></a></td>
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    <p class="margin-top-10">In 2011, UGG will go back to its roots and focus on bringing the active men that brought the brand to life back with new styles allowing them to love the brand again as well. Partnering with Super Bowl champion and NFL MVP Tom Brady, UGG will invite even more men to feel the love the rest of the world knows so well. UGG will also step into the world of high fashion with UGG Collection. The UGG Collection fuses the timeless craft of Italian shoemaking with the reliable magic of sheepskin, bringing the luxurious feel of UGG to high end fashion. As the love for UGG continues to spread across the world, we have continued to offer new and unexpected ways to experience the brand. The UGG journey continues on and the love for UGG continues to spread.</p>
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Latest revision as of 03:58, 19 September 2015

University of Pennsylvania iGEM

PROJECT OVERVIEW

The emerging field of optogenetics has driven development of truly fascinating bacterial systems. Scientists have been able to achieve optogenetic control of cell function using engineered photoreceptors, edge detection of an illuminated design, and even patterns on cells with fluorescent proteins. The field still harbors a lot of potential that has yet to be explored. (S Karig)

The Penn 2015 iGEM team attempted to exploit this potential by using light to drive cell communication. Talk between bacterial populations, known as quorum sensing is reliant on diffusion of chemical autoinducers produced by the cell. This process enables microorganisms to modify gene expression as a function of cell density. The reliance of quorum sensing on chemical diffusion restricts communication to within common environments and compatible conditions. However, the use of bioluminescent sender cells and light-sensitive receiver cells to drive talk between cells overcomes these limitations. The system is effective across boundaries, in different environments, and in populations with different growth conditions or antibiotic resistances. Additionally, future research teams can also take advantage of the orthogonality of light to chemicals and spatiotemporal control of light in any future project endeavors.

The design of our project was inspired by an electrical engineering system known as a photocoupler (pictured below.)


This component works by transferring electrical signals between isolated circuits by using light. Our system is a biological analog of the optocoupler, a cell-to-cell communication system in which a "sender" cell transfers a light signal to an isolated "receiver" cell, which expresses photoreceptors to enable a light-dependent response. (CITATION) Please click on the links below to learn more about the individual components of our project.