Difference between revisions of "Team:Bordeaux/Attributions"

 
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            <h3>The Problem </h3>
 
  
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             <h6 align="justify"> This year, iGEM Bordeaux’s project is focused on Downy Mildew </h6>
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<!-- ----------------------------ATTRIBUTIONS ----------------------------------------------------- -->
−
            <p align="justify" style="text-indent: 3vw;"> This disease, caused by an oomycete called <b> <i> Plasmopara viticola </i> </b>,  is unfortunately famous in the Aquitaine    region because it affects tens of hectares of Bordeaux vineyards and <b> threatens wine production </b>. It was originally observed in the United States in 1834 and has been most abundantly found in the northern and midwestern areas of the United States. Shortly after, the pathogen was introduced in European countries where it played a devastating role in the yield and production of their grapes, and consequently their wine. In <b>1878</b>, the <b>first cases of downy mildew were observed in France </b> in the region of Lyon and also in Swizerland and Italy. Even if some North American species have become resistant to this parasite through evolution, European species such as <i> Vitis vinifera </i>  (the grapevine used for wine) are extremely sensitive. <b>Depending on the year </b>, production of grapes in France has been estimated to be at a <b>loss of 50% or more </b> and the <b>Aquitaine region is particularly affected due to the favorable climate </b>. Because of numbers and results like these, downy mildew has been considered the most devastating disease caused by a filamentous pathogen to affect European vineyards and this has lead vineyards to search for effective measures to protect their vines. Unfortunately, most of these mesures have a bad environmental impact and pollute the surrounding regions. </p>
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        <div class="col-lg-10 col-lg-offset-1" align="left">
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            <br>
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             <h3 align="center"> Attributions </h3>
−
            <h6 align="justify"> In 2015, vineyards are still threatened by the disease </h6>
+
 
−
            <p align="justify" style="text-indent: 3vw;"> Our iGEM team has been following this year's effect of mildew closely reading the official vineyard mildew bulletins available on the vinopole website. It is clearly shown that there is a significant increase of mildew infection on parcels that haven't been treated with copper sulfate compared to those that have been treated. Furthermore, the infection of mildew on treated parcels appears to be  much more easily controled on parcels treated with copper sulfate. Evidently, without any alternative treatment, wine production in the region would be affected and this shows just how important our project is! </p>
+
<p align="justify">
−
        <p align="justify"> Different models (Caffi model, Potential systems model) take into account pluviometry, temperature, relative humidity and plant morphology to decide when are the best moments to apply the fungicides. However, even if these models have allowed vinyards to drastically reduce the quantities of fungicides used, they still cause environmental and sanitary problems in the surrounding regions. </p>         
+
<br> All the work was <b> done by students </b>: wiki design , fundraising , policy and practices as all the cakes shown on social networks :) . In order to be more efficient, we decided to divide the work in little teams. We recieved however, a lot of help all throughout the year. First, we want to thank the <b>European Institute of Chemistry and Biology</b> for hosting us all the year and during our internships. Denis DUPUY, our supervisor who gives us many judicious advices and Jonathan MILLET who succeeded to coexist with many team members of iGEM Bordeaux during all this summer. Our team had to use several machines which not belong to our lab. That’s why we had to collaborate many times with the neighbor labs. We hope that they enjoyed our cake as gift. ;)
−
      </div>
+
</p>
  
−
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<br> <br>
 
<br> <br>
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                  <p align="justify" style="text-indent: 3vw;"> In the past few months (<b>June 2015</b>) there has been another violent attack of mildew on the grapevines in the Aquitaine region. <b> Up to 60% of wine grapes have been infected</b> on certain parcels and the vice president of the agriculture chamber, Patrick Vasseur, hasn't been underestimating the economic significance this could have since the wine production will evidently be affected. He calls the situation <i>"exceptional" </i> since <i> "even the main branches are affected"</i> </p>
+
      <h6> Team Plant </h6>
−
                  <p align="justify"> Serge Audubert, head of 3 castles in the region and owning a total of 24 ha, has been watching the effects on his land. On his 17 ha of château-laborde grapevines, in Saint-Médard-de-Guizières, 2ha are severly touched.<i> « the leaves, the branches, the grapes, everything is affected. We are going to loose at least 50% of the grapes on these 2 ha. » </i> On the first of may, this vineyard observed a spot on a branch, nothing severe especially since the « Bulletin de santé du végétal » (plant health review) which came out a few days before clearly states that the conditions aren't favorable for contaminations. As a precaution, Serge Audubert starts his preventive treatments on the 7th of may. On the 15th of May, the outburst starts, shocking the entire region: <i> « I have been living here since 1987. I have never seen something like this. Informatics models were supposed to alert us when mildew evolution becomes dangerous. » </i> </p>
+
<p> - <b>Marie CECILLE</b> proposed the original idea to work on Downy Mildew since the beginning of the brainstorming sessions.  
−
                  <br>
+
<br> - <b> Hiba BENMOHAMED </b> who contacted Anthony and realized the tests on plants
−
                  </div>
+
<br> - <b> Jean-Rémy BROSSIER </b> worked on Curdlan tests , research about grapevine natural defenses and Mildew effects.
 +
<br> - <b> Charlotte MAILLOT </b> for all the researches about plant physiology and grapevines reactions .
 +
</p>
 +
<p> SPECIAL THANKS TO:
 +
<br> - <b>Michel Hernould</b> Professor Bordeaux University, UMR 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology INRA Bordeaux. He gave us a precious advices about plant devlopment, and allowed to the team to meet Anthony Bellee in order to test the effect of Curdlan in grapevine.
 +
<br> - <b> Anthony Bellee</b> PhD student attached to INRA , SAVE unit : "UMR 1065 Santé et agroécologie du vignoble" who helped us a lot and informed us about how Downy mildew acts on grapevines, we also visited grapevines plot at INRA. Mr Bellee hosts us at his lab, and permits to our team to realize the tests with all the needed materials.  
 +
</p>
  
−
                  <div class="col-lg-2">
+
      <br> <br> <h6> Team <I>E. coli</I> </h6>
−
                  <br>  
+
<p> - <b> Jean DESCARPENTRIE </b> and <b> Emilie GOUNIN </b> spent many hours reading publications, thinking about protocols,and organizing all the lab work.
−
                  <img style="width:30vw;height:35vw" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/thumb/7/75/Bordeaux_parcels.png/484px-Bordeaux_parcels.png">
+
<br> - <b> Diego RODRIGUEZ </b> helped with the labwork during the summer
−
                  </div>
+
<br> - <b> Maxime FAGES </b> worked on a chemical sulfation protocol
−
            </div>
+
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
SPECIAL THANKS TO:
 +
<br> - <b>M. McIntosh</b> who is in Australia and helped us by answering to our questions on Curdlan.
 +
<br> - <b>Camila PARROT</b> member of INSERM / Université Bordeaux Segalen (Unit 869) NA: Natural and Artificial Regulation” (ARNA) led by Martin TEICHMANN, helped to optimize our Cloning procedure. We also thank her for her daily support!
 +
<br> - <b> Lionel BEAUREPAIRE</b>, INSERM engineer, gave many advices on clonage.
 +
<br>- <b> Aurore DE RACHE, Amina BEDRAT, Nassima GUEDDOUDA</b>  and <b> Oscar MENDOZA</b>  from Jean-Louis Mergny’s Group for lending us their spectrophometer, their NanoDrop instruments and their Fluorescence Reader.
 +
<br>- <b> Martin TEICHMANN</b> 's group to lend us incubators and the pHmeter
 +
<br>- <b> Natacha PEREBASKINE</b> from Axel INNIS’ group, for the safety formation and for the lending of their Nanodrop instruments
 +
<br>- <b> Myriam MEDERIC</b> for her hard work and encouragement .
  
−
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -->
+
</p>
  
−
        <div class="col-lg-10 col-lg-offset-1">
+
      <br><br><h6> Team <I>S. Cerevisiae</I> </h6>
−
                  <div class="col-lg-5">
+
<p> - <b> Nicolas BOISSET </b> and <b> Thomas FAVRAUD </b> lead the yeast research before our lab-work and worked on the experiments during the summer
−
                  <br> <br> <br> <br>
+
<br> - <b>Gabriel DIANÉ </b> worked on <I>Bacillus subtillis</I> and allowed us to eliminate this organism from our list of host organisms
−
                  <img style= "width:35vw; height:30vw;"   src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/thumb/c/c8/Bordeaux_mildew_infection.png/727px-Bordeaux_mildew_infection.png' >
+
</p>
−
                  </div>
+
<p> SPECIAL THANKS TO:
 +
<br> - <b>Derek McCUSKER</b>, PhD Group Leader, CNRSIBGC - UMR 5095 (CNRS-UBS) helped us by explaining the homologous repair to express the FKS1 gene and on the design of primers for this gene.
 +
<br> -  <b>Denis DUPUY</b> PhD Group Leader of INSERM/Université Bordeaux Segalen (U869); ARN: Régulations naturelle et artificielle" (ARNA) ; our supervisor ; led us for the Gibson chew back assembly technique
 +
<br> - <b>Jonathan MILLET</b>, Denis DUPUY’s PhD student, gave us some advices for PCR troubleshooting.
 +
<br> - <b> Didier THORAVAL </b>, teacher and researcher of "Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire" who gave us many resources for our work on yeast. Without this help, yeast work will never start.
 +
</p>
  
−
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+
<br>  
−
                  <br> <br>
+
−
                  <h6 align="justify"> Infection Mode of Downy Mildew</h6>
+
−
                  <p align="justify" style="text-indent: 3vw;"> In winter, <i> Plasmopara viticola </i> is present on dead leaves on the ground as oospores. They are inactive and do not produce any symptoms. When rain falls during spring, these eggs grow and release zoospores when the temperature exceeds 11 degrees. The zoospores will be able to spread and infect the plant's upper tissues through rainwater's splashes. </p>
+
−
                  <p align="justify">The primary contamination begins by the emission of a filament through the stomatal area where the parasite begins to develop sinkers from which is formed the mycelial network. These sinkers help to feed <i>Plasmopara viticola </i> by stealing the plant's nutrients, which creates discolored and yellowish areas on the it's leaves called “oil stains”. After, on the bottom, conidiophores and conidia are formed. These symptoms cause damages to the leaves’ tissues and affect the plant’s photosynthetic ability, which slows down the maturity of the plant.</p>
+
−
        <p align="justify"> During the secondary contamination, the conidia are transformed into zoospores that contaminate the surrounding tissues, weakening the plant even more and creating unreparable lesions. </p>
+
−
                </div>
+
−
        </div>
+
  
 +
      <br><h6> Team Sponsoring </h6>
 +
<p> - <b> Savandara BESSE </b> , <b> Marjorie LACOURREGE </b>, <b> Hiba BENMOHAMED </b> worked hard all year writing e-mails and contacting companies for sponsoring.
 +
<br> - <b> Lily BOURGOIN </b> , <b> Savandara BESSE</b> and <b> Claudia SMITH-MENA </b> made the sponsoring plaquette and flyers which were distributed during our different events, including wine congresses
 +
<br> - <b> Jean-Rémy BROSSIER </b> helped with the paperwork to be done for help from the Aquitaine region and the Bordeaux University and gave us some advices because of his experience with iGEM .
 +
</p>
 +
<p> SPECIAL THANKS TO:
 +
<br> - <b> All of our sponsors </b>. You can find all of their websites on our front page! </p>
  
−
        <div class="col-lg-10 col-lg-offset-1">
+
 
 +
<br> </br> <h6> Team Wiki </h6>
 +
<p> - <b> Hiba BENMOHAMED </b> and <b> Charlotte MAILLOT </b> worked  coding the wiki and debugging when an error was made ;)
 +
<br> - <b> Emilie GOUNIN </b> made all of the figures and wiki texts.
 +
</p>
 +
<p> SPECIAL THANKS TO:
 +
<br> - Concerning our wiki, it was based on <b>Evry's 2014</b> team wiki. We decided to adapt their code for our wiki.
 +
<br> - <b>Nacim BENALI</b>, student in informatics, for the design of the wiki.
 +
<br> - <b>Caroline GAGNANT</b>, one of our classmates, designed our comics.
 +
</p>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
<br> <br>
 +
<h6> Team Policy & Practices </h6>
 +
<p>
 +
<br>- <b> Savandara BESSE </b> and <b> Lily BOURGOIN </b>worked on an ethical analysis and safety analysis of our project
 +
<br> - <b> Charlie KOFFI </b>, <b> Jordan NICOT </b>, <b> Kellian CIPIERRE </b>, <b>Caroline ROUSSEAU </b> and <b> Gilles KREMBEL-SAUTOT </b> worked on our board game meeting with professionals and testing the game!
 +
<br> - <b> Corentin KOEHLER </b> worked on video montages and on the economic overview of our project.
 +
<br> - <b> Caroline ROUSSEAU </b> , <b> Gilles KREMBEL-SAUTOT </b> , <b> Edouard TOURDOT </b> and <b> Diego RODRIGUEZ </b> worked on Imagine life; the project in collaboration with Capsciences.
 +
</p>
 +
<p> SPECIAL THANKS TO:
 +
<br> - M. <b>Jacques FAUCHER</b>, professor of bioethics, who's interview helped us to understand the utility of ethics committees and to think about our project.
 +
<br> - <b> CAP SCIENCES </b> (the Bordeaux sciences musuem) for hosting the show and especially <b> Nathalie CAPLET </b> and <b> Sébastien CURSAN </b> for the organization and the communication about the Meetup!
 +
</p>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
<br> <br>
 +
<p align="center"><br>At the end, thanks to all other people who supported our project on social media (Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin and Youtube). Your interest had always touched us and we hope that we will support again for 2016 iGEM competition! </p>
 
<br>
 
<br>
−
        <p align="justify" style="text-indent: 3vw;"> Since repairing damaged tissues infected by downy mildew is impossible, the main solutions available to vinyards are preventive solutions, mainly through preventing primary infections. This is mainly done by spraying fungicides on the organs that are most infected: leaves and stems. The most efficient preventive treatment was discovered at the end of the 19th century: a solution made of copper sulfate also known as "Bouillie Bordelaise", the only treatment used until the end of the 20th century. Recently, synthetic fungicides have replaced this chemical treatment and more and more research is being done on alternative eco-friendly preventive treatments </p>
 
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<h6> <a href= "https://2015.igem.org/Team:Bordeaux/Meetup" style=" color: #FF5E00;"> Collaborations &#9754;  </a>     Previous Page . Next Page  <a href= "https://2015.igem.org/Team:Bordeaux/Medals" style=" color: #FF5E00;"> &#9755; Medal Criteria </h6>
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Latest revision as of 17:44, 20 November 2015

IGEM Bordeaux 2015

Attributions


All the work was done by students : wiki design , fundraising , policy and practices as all the cakes shown on social networks :) . In order to be more efficient, we decided to divide the work in little teams. We recieved however, a lot of help all throughout the year. First, we want to thank the European Institute of Chemistry and Biology for hosting us all the year and during our internships. Denis DUPUY, our supervisor who gives us many judicious advices and Jonathan MILLET who succeeded to coexist with many team members of iGEM Bordeaux during all this summer. Our team had to use several machines which not belong to our lab. That’s why we had to collaborate many times with the neighbor labs. We hope that they enjoyed our cake as gift. ;)



Team Plant

- Marie CECILLE proposed the original idea to work on Downy Mildew since the beginning of the brainstorming sessions.
- Hiba BENMOHAMED who contacted Anthony and realized the tests on plants
- Jean-Rémy BROSSIER worked on Curdlan tests , research about grapevine natural defenses and Mildew effects.
- Charlotte MAILLOT for all the researches about plant physiology and grapevines reactions .

SPECIAL THANKS TO:
- Michel Hernould Professor Bordeaux University, UMR 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology INRA Bordeaux. He gave us a precious advices about plant devlopment, and allowed to the team to meet Anthony Bellee in order to test the effect of Curdlan in grapevine.
- Anthony Bellee PhD student attached to INRA , SAVE unit : "UMR 1065 Santé et agroécologie du vignoble" who helped us a lot and informed us about how Downy mildew acts on grapevines, we also visited grapevines plot at INRA. Mr Bellee hosts us at his lab, and permits to our team to realize the tests with all the needed materials.



Team E. coli

- Jean DESCARPENTRIE and Emilie GOUNIN spent many hours reading publications, thinking about protocols,and organizing all the lab work.
- Diego RODRIGUEZ helped with the labwork during the summer
- Maxime FAGES worked on a chemical sulfation protocol

SPECIAL THANKS TO:
- M. McIntosh who is in Australia and helped us by answering to our questions on Curdlan.
- Camila PARROT member of INSERM / Université Bordeaux Segalen (Unit 869) NA: Natural and Artificial Regulation” (ARNA) led by Martin TEICHMANN, helped to optimize our Cloning procedure. We also thank her for her daily support!
- Lionel BEAUREPAIRE, INSERM engineer, gave many advices on clonage.
- Aurore DE RACHE, Amina BEDRAT, Nassima GUEDDOUDA and Oscar MENDOZA from Jean-Louis Mergny’s Group for lending us their spectrophometer, their NanoDrop instruments and their Fluorescence Reader.
- Martin TEICHMANN 's group to lend us incubators and the pHmeter
- Natacha PEREBASKINE from Axel INNIS’ group, for the safety formation and for the lending of their Nanodrop instruments
- Myriam MEDERIC for her hard work and encouragement .



Team S. Cerevisiae

- Nicolas BOISSET and Thomas FAVRAUD lead the yeast research before our lab-work and worked on the experiments during the summer
- Gabriel DIANÉ worked on Bacillus subtillis and allowed us to eliminate this organism from our list of host organisms

SPECIAL THANKS TO:
- Derek McCUSKER, PhD Group Leader, CNRSIBGC - UMR 5095 (CNRS-UBS) helped us by explaining the homologous repair to express the FKS1 gene and on the design of primers for this gene.
- Denis DUPUY PhD Group Leader of INSERM/Université Bordeaux Segalen (U869); ARN: Régulations naturelle et artificielle" (ARNA) ; our supervisor ; led us for the Gibson chew back assembly technique
- Jonathan MILLET, Denis DUPUY’s PhD student, gave us some advices for PCR troubleshooting.
- Didier THORAVAL , teacher and researcher of "Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire" who gave us many resources for our work on yeast. Without this help, yeast work will never start.



Team Sponsoring

- Savandara BESSE , Marjorie LACOURREGE , Hiba BENMOHAMED worked hard all year writing e-mails and contacting companies for sponsoring.
- Lily BOURGOIN , Savandara BESSE and Claudia SMITH-MENA made the sponsoring plaquette and flyers which were distributed during our different events, including wine congresses
- Jean-Rémy BROSSIER helped with the paperwork to be done for help from the Aquitaine region and the Bordeaux University and gave us some advices because of his experience with iGEM .

SPECIAL THANKS TO:
- All of our sponsors . You can find all of their websites on our front page!



Team Wiki

- Hiba BENMOHAMED and Charlotte MAILLOT worked coding the wiki and debugging when an error was made ;)
- Emilie GOUNIN made all of the figures and wiki texts.

SPECIAL THANKS TO:
- Concerning our wiki, it was based on Evry's 2014 team wiki. We decided to adapt their code for our wiki.
- Nacim BENALI, student in informatics, for the design of the wiki.
- Caroline GAGNANT, one of our classmates, designed our comics.



Team Policy & Practices


- Savandara BESSE and Lily BOURGOIN worked on an ethical analysis and safety analysis of our project
- Charlie KOFFI , Jordan NICOT , Kellian CIPIERRE , Caroline ROUSSEAU and Gilles KREMBEL-SAUTOT worked on our board game meeting with professionals and testing the game!
- Corentin KOEHLER worked on video montages and on the economic overview of our project.
- Caroline ROUSSEAU , Gilles KREMBEL-SAUTOT , Edouard TOURDOT and Diego RODRIGUEZ worked on Imagine life; the project in collaboration with Capsciences.

SPECIAL THANKS TO:
- M. Jacques FAUCHER, professor of bioethics, who's interview helped us to understand the utility of ethics committees and to think about our project.
- CAP SCIENCES (the Bordeaux sciences musuem) for hosting the show and especially Nathalie CAPLET and Sébastien CURSAN for the organization and the communication about the Meetup!




At the end, thanks to all other people who supported our project on social media (Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin and Youtube). Your interest had always touched us and we hope that we will support again for 2016 iGEM competition!


Collaborations ☚ Previous Page . Next Page ☛ Medal Criteria