Difference between revisions of "Team:Bordeaux/Attributions"

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            <h6 align="justify"> This year, iGEM Bordeaux’s project is focused on Downy Mildew </h6>
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            <p align="justify" style="text-indent: 3vw;"> This disease, caused by an oomycete called <b> <i> Plasmopara viticola </i> </b>,  is unfortunately famous in the Aquitaine    region because it affects tens of hectares of Bordeaux vineyards and <b> threatens wine production </b>. It was originally observed in the United States in 1834 and has been most abundantly found in the northern and midwestern areas of the United States. Shortly after, the pathogen was introduced in European countries where it played a devastating role in the yield and production of their grapes, and consequently their wine. In <b>1878</b>, the <b>first cases of downy mildew were observed in France </b> in the region of Lyon and also in Swizerland and Italy. Even if some North American species have become resistant to this parasite through evolution, European species such as <i> Vitis vinifera </i>  (the grapevine used for wine) are extremely sensitive. <b>Depending on the year </b>, production of grapes in France has been estimated to be at a <b>loss of 50% or more </b> and the <b>Aquitaine region is particularly affected due to the favorable climate </b>. Because of numbers and results like these, downy mildew has been considered the most devastating disease caused by a filamentous pathogen to affect European vineyards and this has lead vineyards to search for effective measures to protect their vines. Unfortunately, most of these mesures have a bad environmental impact and pollute the surrounding regions. </p>
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            <h6 align="justify"> In 2015, vineyards are still threatened by the disease </h6>
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            <p align="justify" style="text-indent: 3vw;"> Our iGEM team has been following this year's effect of mildew closely reading the official vineyard mildew bulletins available on the vinopole website. It is clearly shown that there is a significant increase of mildew infection on parcels that haven't been treated with copper sulfate compared to those that have been treated. Furthermore, the infection of mildew on treated parcels appears to be  much more easily controled on parcels treated with copper sulfate. Evidently, without any alternative treatment, wine production in the region would be affected and this shows just how important our project is! </p>
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        <p align="justify"> Different models (Caffi model, Potential systems model) take into account pluviometry, temperature, relative humidity and plant morphology to decide when are the best moments to apply the fungicides. However, even if these models have allowed vinyards to drastically reduce the quantities of fungicides used, they still cause environmental and sanitary problems in the surrounding regions. </p>        
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                  <p align="justify" style="text-indent: 3vw;"> In the past few months (<b>June 2015</b>) there has been another violent attack of mildew on the grapevines in the Aquitaine region. <b> Up to 60% of wine grapes have been infected</b> on certain parcels and the vice president of the agriculture chamber, Patrick Vasseur, hasn't been underestimating the economic significance this could have since the wine production will evidently be affected. He calls the situation <i>"exceptional" </i> since <i> "even the main branches are affected"</i> </p>
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                  <p align="justify"> Serge Audubert, head of 3 castles in the region and owning a total of 24 ha, has been watching the effects on his land. On his 17 ha of château-laborde grapevines, in Saint-Médard-de-Guizières, 2ha are severly touched.<i> « the leaves, the branches, the grapes, everything is affected. We are going to loose at least 50% of the grapes on these 2 ha. » </i> On the first of may, this vineyard observed a spot on a branch, nothing severe especially since the « Bulletin de santé du végétal » (plant health review) which came out a few days before clearly states that the conditions aren't favorable for contaminations. As a precaution, Serge Audubert starts his preventive treatments on the 7th of may. On the 15th of May, the outburst starts, shocking the entire region: <i> « I have been living here since 1987. I have never seen something like this. Informatics models were supposed to alert us when mildew evolution becomes dangerous. » </i> </p>
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                  <img style="width:30vw;height:35vw" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/thumb/7/75/Bordeaux_parcels.png/484px-Bordeaux_parcels.png">
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                  <img style= "width:35vw; height:30vw;"  src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/thumb/c/c8/Bordeaux_mildew_infection.png/727px-Bordeaux_mildew_infection.png' >
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                  <h6 align="justify"> Infection Mode of Downy Mildew</h6>
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                  <p align="justify" style="text-indent: 3vw;"> In winter, <i> Plasmopara viticola </i> is present on dead leaves on the ground as oospores. They are inactive and do not produce any symptoms. When rain falls during spring, these eggs grow and release zoospores when the temperature exceeds 11 degrees. The zoospores will be able to spread and infect the plant's upper tissues through rainwater's splashes. </p>
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                  <p align="justify">The primary contamination begins by the emission of a filament through the stomatal area where the parasite begins to develop sinkers from which is formed the mycelial network. These sinkers help to feed <i>Plasmopara viticola </i> by stealing the plant's nutrients, which creates discolored and yellowish areas on the it's leaves called “oil stains”. After, on the bottom, conidiophores and conidia are formed. These symptoms cause damages to the leaves’ tissues and affect the plant’s photosynthetic ability, which slows down the maturity of the plant.</p>
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        <p align="justify"> During the secondary contamination, the conidia are transformed into zoospores that contaminate the surrounding tissues, weakening the plant even more and creating unreparable lesions. </p>
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        <p align="justify" style="text-indent: 3vw;"> Since repairing damaged tissues infected by downy mildew is impossible, the main solutions available to vinyards are preventive solutions, mainly through preventing primary infections. This is mainly done by spraying fungicides on the organs that are most infected: leaves and stems. The most efficient preventive treatment was discovered at the end of the 19th century: a solution made of copper sulfate also known as "Bouillie Bordelaise", the only treatment used until the end of the 20th century. Recently, synthetic fungicides have replaced this chemical treatment and more and more research is being done on alternative eco-friendly preventive treatments </p>
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Revision as of 11:08, 15 July 2015

IGEM Bordeaux 2015

Attributions

Wiki support: Our wiki is based on Evry's 2014 wiki

Each team must clearly attribute work done by the student team members on this page. The team must distinguish work done by the students from work done by others, including the host labs, advisors, instructors, and individuals not on the team roster.You can have a project based on a previous team, or based on someone else's idea, as long as you state this fact very clearly and give credit for the original project. The Attribution requirement helps the judges know what you did yourselves and what you had help with. We don't mind if you get help with difficult or complex techniques, but you must report what work your team did and what work was done by others. For example, you might choose to work with an animal model during your project. Working with animals requires getting a license and applying far in advance to conduct certain experiments in many countries. This is difficult to achieve during the course of a summer, but much easier if you can work with a postdoc or PI who has the right licenses.

What should this page have? General Support Project support and advice Fundraising help and advice Lab support Difficult technique support Project advisor support Wiki support Presentation coaching Human Practices support Thanks and acknowledgements for all other people involved in helping make a successful iGEM team





Register for iGEM, have a great summer, and attend the Giant Jamboree.✔

Complete Judging form

Create a Team Wiki

Present a poster and a talk at the iGEM Jamboree

Create a page on your team wiki with clear attribution of each aspect of your project. This page must clearly attribute work done by the students and distinguish it from work done by others, including host labs, advisors, instructors, sponsors, professional website designers, artists, and commercial services.

Document at least one new standard BioBrick Part or Device central to your project and submit this part to the iGEM Registry (submissions must adhere to the iGEM Registry guidelines). You may also document a new application of a BioBrick part from a previous iGEM year, adding that documentation to the part main page.

In addition to the Bronze Medal requirements, your team must convince the judges you have achieved the following 3 goals:

Experimentally validate that at least one new BioBrick Part or Device of your own design and construction works as expected. Document the characterization of this part in the Main Page section of that Part’s/Device’s Registry entry. This working part must be different to the part documented in bronze medal criteria

Submit this new part to the iGEM Parts Registry. Your part must be different to the submission for Bronze medal criteria #6 (submissions must adhere to the iGEM Registry guidelines.

iGEM projects involve important questions beyond the bench, for example relating to (but not limited to) ethics, sustainability, social justice, safety, security, and intellectual property rights. Demonstrate how your team has identified, investigated and addressed one or more of these issues in the context of your project. Your activity could center around education, public engagement, public policy issues, public perception or other activities (See the human practices hub for more information and examples of previous teams exemplary work).

In addition to the Bronze and Silver Medal requirements, your team must convince the judges you have achieved at least two of the following goals:

iGEM projects involve important questions beyond the bench, for example relating to (but not limited to) ethics, sustainability, social justice, safety, security, and intellectual property rights. Expand on your silver medal activity by demonstrating how you have integrated the investigated issues into the design and/or execution of your project OR demonstrate an innovative human practices activity that relates to your project (this typically involves educational, public engagement, and/or public perception activities; see the human practices hub for information and examples of previous teams comprehensive and innovative activities).

Convince the judges you have helped any registered iGEM team from a high-school, different track, another university, or institution in a significant way by, for example, mentoring a new team, characterizing a part, debugging a construct, modeling/simulating their system or helping validate a software/hardware solution to a synbio problem.

Improve the function OR characterization of an previously existing BioBrick Part or Device (created by another team or your own institution in a previous year of the iGEM competition) and enter this information in the Registry. Please see the Registry help page on how to document a contribution to an existing part. This part must not come from your 2015 part range.

Demonstrate a functional prototype of your project. Your prototype can derive from a previous project (that was not demonstrated to work) by your team or by another team. Show this system working under real-world conditions (biological materials may not be taken outside the lab).

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IGEM Bordeaux 2015

Parts

Each team will make new parts during iGEM and will submit them to the Registry of Standard Biological Parts. The iGEM software provides an easy way to present the parts your team has created. The groupparts tag (see below) will generate a table with all of the parts that your team adds to your team sandbox. Remember that the goal of proper part documentation is to describe and define a part, so that it can be used without needing to refer to the primary literature. Registry users in future years should be able to read your documentation and be able to use the part successfully. Also, you should provide proper references to acknowledge previous authors and to provide for users who wish to know more.

Note that parts must be documented on the Registry. This page serves to showcase the parts you have made. Future teams and other users and are much more likely to find parts by looking in the Registry than by looking at your team wiki. You can add parts to the Registry at our Add a Part to the Registry link. We encourage teams to start completing documentation for their parts on the Registry as soon as you have it available. The sooner you put up your parts, the better you will remember all the details about your parts. Remember, you don't need to send us the DNA sample before you create an entry for a part on the Registry. (However, you do need to send us the DNA sample before the Jamboree. If you don't send us a DNA sample of a part, that part will not be eligible for awards and medal criteria.)

The information needed to initially create a part on the Registry is: Part Name Part type Creator Sequence Short Description (60 characters on what the DNA does) Long Description (Longer description of what the DNA does) Design considerations We encourage you to put up much more information as you gather it over the summer. If you have images, plots, characterization data and other information, please also put it up on the part page.


Design

By talking about your design work on this page, there is one medal criterion that you can attempt to meet, and one award that you can apply for. If your team is going for a gold medal by building a functional prototype, you should tell us what you did on this page. If you are going for the Applied Design award, you should also complete this page and tell us what you did. In order to be considered for the Best Applied Design award and/or the functional prototype gold medal criterion, you must fill out this page. This is a prize for the team that has developed a synthetic biology product to solve a real world problem in the most elegant way. The students will have considered how well the product addresses the problem versus other potential solutions, how the product integrates or disrupts other products and processes, and how its lifecycle can more broadly impact our lives and environments in positive and negative ways. If you are working on art and design as your main project, please join the art and design track. If you are integrating art and design into the core of your main project, please apply for the award by completing this page.

Protocols

Our Organisms of Choice is Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Listed below are the protocols we used in our lab.

Cloning
Working with E.coli
Working with S.cerevisiae
Curdlan Methods