Difference between revisions of "Team:NAIT Edmonton/Trial11"
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+ | {{NAIT_Edmonton/CSS2}} | ||
+ | <html> | ||
+ | <head> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <title>Team NAIT 2015</title> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> | ||
+ | <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.6.2/jquery.min.js"></script> | ||
+ | <script type="text/javascript" src="https://2015.igem.org/index.php?title= | ||
+ | Template:NAIT_Edmonton/js/jquery.flexslider"></script> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"> | ||
+ | |||
+ | var $ = jQuery.noConflict(); | ||
+ | $(window).load(function() { | ||
+ | $('.flexslider').flexslider({ | ||
+ | animation: "slide" | ||
+ | }); | ||
+ | }); | ||
+ | </script> | ||
+ | |||
+ | </head> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <body> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <div id="header"> | ||
+ | <div class="header"> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <style type="text/css"> | ||
+ | |||
+ | .header_mobile { | ||
+ | display:none; | ||
+ | position: absolute; | ||
+ | background-color:transparent; | ||
+ | width:65px; | ||
+ | top: 90px; | ||
+ | left:50px; | ||
+ | height:65px; | ||
+ | z-index:999; | ||
+ | position:fixed;} | ||
+ | |||
+ | .header_mobile ul {list-style:none; position:absolute;float:right;margin:0;padding-right:125px} | ||
+ | .header_mobile ul * {margin:0; padding:0;} | ||
+ | .header_mobile a {display:block;color:#159CD8;text-decoration:none;padding:15px 50px} | ||
+ | .header_mobile li {position:relative;float:left; padding:5px 5px 5px 5px} | ||
+ | .header_mobile li a {font-family:'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;color:#ffffff;font-size:20px;} | ||
+ | .header_mobile li.current-menu-item {background:#5AB3E3} | ||
+ | .header_mobile ul ul{display:none; position:absolute; top:77%; left:30%; background:#0D4D8C; padding:0 0px 0 0} | ||
+ | .header_mobile ul ul li:hover{background:#159CD8} | ||
+ | .header_mobile ul ul li{float:none; width:120px} | ||
+ | .header_mobile ul ul a {line-height:100%; padding:0 20px 0 0; font-size:15px } | ||
+ | .header_mobile ul ul ul {top:0; left:200%} | ||
+ | .header_mobile ul li.selected a{color:#8BC5EB} | ||
+ | .header_mobile ul li:hover > ul{display:block;} | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | @media screen and (max-width:1000px){ | ||
+ | |||
+ | .header_left{display:none;} | ||
+ | .header_right{display:none;} | ||
+ | .header_mobile{display:block;} | ||
+ | |||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | </style> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div class="logo"><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton"> | ||
+ | <img style="padding-left:6px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/c7/NAIT_IGEM_Separated.png" height="185px"></a> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="header_left"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Team">team</a> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Bios">bios</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Attributions">attributions</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi">official team profile</a> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Project">project</a> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Desc">description</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Protocols">experiment and protocols</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Results">parts and results</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Modeling">modeling</a></li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="header_right"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Human">human practices</a> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Outreach">community outreach</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Practices">policy and practices</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Collaborations">collaborations</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a></li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Notebook">notebook</a> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Safety">lab safety</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Achievements">achievements</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Logbook">log book</a></li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <div id="wrap"> | ||
+ | <div class="desc"> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <style type="text/css"> | ||
+ | |||
+ | .top_slogan {text-align:center; font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif; color:#0D4D8C; font-size:30px; padding: 40px 0px 40px 0px; font-style:strong; line-height:40px;} | ||
+ | |||
+ | </style> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <center><div class="top_slogan">The Project</div></center> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <h1>Background</h1></a> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <p style="font-size:15px">The structural and functional study of the proteins expressed by a genome is | ||
+ | |||
+ | called proteomics. This relatively novel science uses different methodologies in order to | ||
+ | |||
+ | separate and identify specific proteins of interest. Among these techniques, SDS-PAGE | ||
+ | |||
+ | plays an essential role due to its high sensitivity, low sample volume requirement, and | ||
+ | |||
+ | high popularity. Negatively charged proteins migrate towards the positive electrode | ||
+ | |||
+ | according to their size and charge. Smaller proteins migrate further in a given amount of | ||
+ | |||
+ | time. As proteins are separated in this manner, users load molecular weight standards | ||
+ | |||
+ | to estimate the size (in kDa) of the proteins present in their sample. Once the proteins of | ||
+ | |||
+ | a single sample have been isolated and are embedded in the polyacrylamide (PA) gel | ||
+ | |||
+ | matrix, staining procedures are used to visualize them.</p> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <center><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/SDS-PAGE_Electrophoresis.png" width="750px"></center> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <p style="font-size:15;">Organic dyes, such as Coomassie blue, can be used for this purpose; | ||
+ | |||
+ | nevertheless, their low sensitivity and a detection range that goes from 1 to 50 ng can | ||
+ | |||
+ | be a challenge for detecting low abundance proteins (Jin, Huang, Yoo, & Choi, 2006). A | ||
+ | |||
+ | higher sensitivity can be achieved by fluorescent staining techniques (from 0.1 to 10 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ng.); however, UV instruments are necessary in order to read the data (Jin et al., 2006). | ||
+ | |||
+ | The most sensitive method up to date is radiolabeling, but the requirement of hazardous | ||
+ | |||
+ | isotopes and their complex management makes it a complicated procedure (Jin et al., | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2006). Silver staining is a method that offers great sensitivity and an easy to handle | ||
+ | |||
+ | protocol, thus making it one of the most commonly used staining methods. </p> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <center><img src="http://www.bio-rad.com/webroot/web/images/lsr/products/electrophoresis/product_overlay_content/global/lsr_biosafe_coomasie_gel.jpg"></center> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br><br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <h1>The Problem </h1></a> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <p style="font-size:15px">Difficulties with silver staining arise when the molecular weight markers are re- | ||
+ | |||
+ | colored golden-brown in the staining process. Markers offer evenly distributed proteins | ||
+ | |||
+ | that show bands of equal intensity and known size. Researchers can compare these | ||
+ | |||
+ | bands with their sample and identify the protein they are looking for based on its size. A | ||
+ | |||
+ | subset of these markers has color-coded standard proteins to facilitate the identification | ||
+ | |||
+ | of each band. Post-silver staining, the users lose the ability to use the color code as a | ||
+ | |||
+ | reference.</p> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <center><img src="http://labs.mmg.pitt.edu/gjoerup/silver_stain.jpg" width="750px"></center> | ||
+ | |||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div class="clear"></div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <div class="header_mobile"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/MobileMenu">menu</a> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Team">team</a> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Project">project</a> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Human">human practices</a> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Notebook">notebook</a> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | |||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <div class="footer"> | ||
+ | <div class="footer_content"> | ||
+ | <div class="footer_left"> | ||
+ | <ul class="footer_menu"> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton">home</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Team">team</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Project">project</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Human">human practices</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Notebook">notebook</a></li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div class="footer_right"> | ||
+ | <ul class="social_icons"> | ||
+ | <li><a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/IGEM-2015-NAIT-Edmonton/884025281659292"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/a/a3/NAIT_Icon_facebook.png" alt="" title="" /></a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="http://www.twitter.com/TeamNAIT2015"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/64/NAIT_Icon_twitter.png" alt="" title="" /></a></li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="clear"></div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <style type="text/css"> | ||
+ | |||
+ | #footer {z-index:15;} | ||
+ | .footer {position: relative; padding:20px 0 40px 0; margin: -25px 0 0 0; clear:both; width:100%; background-color:#0D4D8C; height:25px;} | ||
+ | .footer_content {margin:auto;width:100%;} | ||
+ | .footer_left { float:left; padding:0 0 0 10%;} | ||
+ | .footer_right{ float:right; padding:0 10% 0 0;} | ||
+ | ul.social_icons { margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style:none;} | ||
+ | ul.social_icons li{ float:left;} | ||
+ | ul.social_icons li a{width:30px;height:30px;display:block;border-radius:15px;-moz-border-radius:15px;-webkit-border-radius:15px;-khtml-border-radius:15px;float:left;margin:0px 0 0px 5px;background-color:#ADD3F0;text-align:center;} | ||
+ | ul.social_icons li a#top{width:30px;height:30px;display:block;border-radius:15px;-moz-border-radius:15px;-webkit-border-radius:15px;-khtml-border-radius:15px;float:left;margin:0px 0 0px 5px;background-color:#ADD3F0;text-align:center;} | ||
+ | ul.social_icons li a:hover{ background-color:#5AB3E3;} | ||
+ | ul.social_icons li a img{ width:60%; display:block; margin:5px auto;} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ul.footer_menu{ padding:10px 0 0 0; margin:0px; list-style:none;} | ||
+ | ul.footer_menu li{ float:left; padding:0 15px 0 0;} | ||
+ | ul.footer_menu li a{ background:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/17/NAIT_Bullet.png) no-repeat left; padding:0 0 0 12px;} | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | </style> | ||
+ | |||
+ | </body> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!---------- | ||
+ | |||
+ | _ __ _ | ||
+ | ;' '',) | ||
+ | /;6 , ;/ | ||
+ | (Y)_:., | | ||
+ | `-', :; \ | ||
+ | |; ,.:\ | ||
+ | /:.; ;;) | ||
+ | |:;,.'| :/ | ||
+ | / |: / ; / | ||
+ | /:;\ `| "// | ||
+ | /_,: | |./,| | ||
+ | _/: \.'|,|/| | | ||
+ | /:.,:.|,|"| |:| | ||
+ | /:;:|:,/;|:| |'| | ||
+ | eduardo |',:| \_ \ |_|;\_ | ||
+ | /;\_ /\_)) \_))\_)) | ||
+ | (;(________ | ||
+ | '''''`'''~` | ||
+ | |||
+ | ------------------> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | </html> |
Revision as of 16:52, 30 July 2015
Background
The structural and functional study of the proteins expressed by a genome is called proteomics. This relatively novel science uses different methodologies in order to separate and identify specific proteins of interest. Among these techniques, SDS-PAGE plays an essential role due to its high sensitivity, low sample volume requirement, and high popularity. Negatively charged proteins migrate towards the positive electrode according to their size and charge. Smaller proteins migrate further in a given amount of time. As proteins are separated in this manner, users load molecular weight standards to estimate the size (in kDa) of the proteins present in their sample. Once the proteins of a single sample have been isolated and are embedded in the polyacrylamide (PA) gel matrix, staining procedures are used to visualize them.
Organic dyes, such as Coomassie blue, can be used for this purpose; nevertheless, their low sensitivity and a detection range that goes from 1 to 50 ng can be a challenge for detecting low abundance proteins (Jin, Huang, Yoo, & Choi, 2006). A higher sensitivity can be achieved by fluorescent staining techniques (from 0.1 to 10 ng.); however, UV instruments are necessary in order to read the data (Jin et al., 2006). The most sensitive method up to date is radiolabeling, but the requirement of hazardous isotopes and their complex management makes it a complicated procedure (Jin et al., 2006). Silver staining is a method that offers great sensitivity and an easy to handle protocol, thus making it one of the most commonly used staining methods.
The Problem
Difficulties with silver staining arise when the molecular weight markers are re- colored golden-brown in the staining process. Markers offer evenly distributed proteins that show bands of equal intensity and known size. Researchers can compare these bands with their sample and identify the protein they are looking for based on its size. A subset of these markers has color-coded standard proteins to facilitate the identification of each band. Post-silver staining, the users lose the ability to use the color code as a reference.