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| − | <h4>At dawn of time, the universe was like a gigantic egg and there was nothing but chaos.</h4>
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| − | <h4>Pangu separated the chaos with his ax. His two eyes shined as the sun and moon.</h4> </div>
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| − | <h4>His blood turned into rivers; his muscles made fertile land; his facial hair transformed into the stars and Milky Way; his fur became bushes and forests.
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| − | <h4>Elements which were light and clean floated up to form the Sky; elements which were heavy and turbid went down to form the Earth.</h4> </div>
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| − | <h1 class="post-title">E. pangu: The Pioneer of Mars</h1>
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| − | <h2><strong>Background</strong></h2>
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| − | <p>Since the onset of industrial era, the environment on earth keeps getting worse day by day because of the burning of fossil fuel and continuous deforestation. Recently, the discovery of Kepler-452b publicly announced by NASA calls public attention to space immigration again. As a matter of fact, the immigration to Mars, the most earthlike planet in solar system, still should be considered as priority. </p>
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| − | <p>Before Mars immigration for human beings, it is necessary to send pioneer organism there to assess the feasibility of human immigration. What’s more, special pioneer organism can be also used to change the Martian atmosphere to make it more suitable for other organisms. The first three gaseous components of Martian atmosphere are carbon dioxide (96%), argon (1.93%) and nitrogen (1.89%)[1]. Among these components, CO2 and N2 are ubiquitous on earth. Thus, SCU_iGEM team aim to create a pioneer organism which is able to carry out carbon fixation and nitrogen fixation simultaneously. After inorganic carbon and nitrogen are fixed into organic substances, they could act as nutrients server for other immigrant organisms in the future.</p>
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| − | <h2><strong>Project overview</strong></h2>
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| − | <p>In this summer, we are going to design a system which is able to fix inorganic carbon and nitrogen simultaneously. This system consists of 2 types of E.coli: nitrogen fixation E.coli and carbon fixation E.coli. We hope this system will play the role of pioneer organism on Mars immigration. Based on this purpose, we call them E. pangu collectively, which is named after the creator of universe, Pangu in Chinese mythology, as they will reclaim Mars for future immigrated organisms. </p>
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| − | <h3><strong>Our project contains the following contents:</strong></h3>
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| − | <h3><strong>1.Nitrogen fixation E.pangu</strong><strong></strong></h3>
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| − | <p>Azotobacters are nitrogen fixation bacteria. They catalyze N2 reduction into ammonia by nitrogenase. The nitrogen fixation genome contains a large number of modules, or clusters. After deleting unnecessary modules[2], we will transform the minimal nitrogen fixation genome from azotobacter Paenibacillus sp. WLY78 into E.coli to construct nitrogen fixation E.pangu.</p>
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| − | <h3><strong>2.Carbon fixation E.pangu</strong></h3>
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| − | <p>Many anaerobes carry out carbon fixation by Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. One of the core enzymes in this pathway is acetyl-CoA synthetase/carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (ACS/CODH), a bifunctional enzyme which can reduce CO2 into acetyl-CoA, the central molecule in metabolism. We will transform the gene of ACS/CODH into E.coli to construct our carbon fixation E.pangu.</p>
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| − | <h3><strong>3.Testing</strong></h3>
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| − | <p>In this part, we will introduce gene editing technique called CRISPR-Cas9 to knock off the gene of pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH) complex of carbon fixation E.pangu. Without PDH, the normal pathway of acetyl-CoA producing is cut off. Thus, if our carbon fixation E.pangu was successfully constructed, they can grow normally without PDH. </p>
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| − | <h2><strong>Reference</strong></h2>
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| − | <h4>[1]Krasnopolsky, V A.; Feldman, P D. Detection of Molecular Hydrogen in the Atmosphere of Mars. Science, 2001, 294:1914-1917.</h4>
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| − | <h4>[2]Wang L, Liu Z, Zhao D, Liu X, et al. A Minimal Nitrogen Fixation Gene Cluster from Paenibacillus sp. WLY78 Enables Expression of Active Nitrogenase in Escherichia coli. PLoS Genet, 2013, 9:e1003865.</h4>
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| − | <h4>[3]Lindahl P A. The Ni-containing carbon monoxide dehydrogenase family: Light at the end of the tunnel. Biochemistry, 2002, 41:2097-2105.</h4>
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| − | <p><a href="http://static.ghostchina.com/image/a/10/ffe40181fc1023de4d2060d5d0ce2.png" class="mfp-zoom" style="display:block;"><img src="http://static.ghostchina.com/image/a/10/ffe40181fc1023de4d2060d5d0ce2.png" alt=""></a></p>
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| − | <blockquote>
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| − | <p><strong>注意：</strong> Ghost 目前对 Node.js 0.12.x 版本的支持还处于不完善阶段，建议大家尽量使用 0.10.x 版本并且升级到当前的<a href="http://nodejs.org/dist/">最新版本 0.10.40</a>。</p>
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| − | <p>打开命令行窗口，执行 <code>node -v</code> 命令查看 Node.js 版本号。</p>
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| − | <li>最新版本：<a href="http://dl.ghostchina.com/Ghost-0.7.0-zh-full.zip">Ghost v0.7.0 full (zh)</a></li>
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| − | <li>版本特色：<code>中文汉化</code>、支持<code>七牛</code>、<code>又拍云</code>、<code>阿里云OSS</code>存储；增加 Roon 主题；集成 <code>node_modules</code> ，无需忍受 <code>npm install --production</code> 的麻烦。</li>
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| − | <li>支持输出“标签云”。<a href="http://www.ghostchina.com/output-tag-cloud/">参考这里</a></li>
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| − | <li>支持输出“前一篇”、“后一篇”博文。</li>
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| − | <li>集成 sqlite3 原生库，并支持 Nodejs 0.10.x 和 0.12.x 。</li>
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| − | <li>支持<code>私密博客</code>功能</li>
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| − | <h2 id="ghost">Ghost 中文标准版下载</h2>
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| − | <li>最新版本：<a href="http://dl.ghostchina.com/Ghost-0.7.0-zh.zip">Ghost v0.7.0 (zh)</a></li>
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| − | <li>安装说明：参考<a href="http://www.ghostchina.com/ghost-0-7-0-released/">这里</a></li>
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| − | <li>版本特色：<code>中文汉化</code>、支持<code>七牛</code>、<code>又拍云</code>、<code>阿里云OSS</code>存储；增加 Roon 主题</li>
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| − | <li>支持输出“标签云”。 <a href="http://www.ghostchina.com/output-tag-cloud/">参考这里</a></li>
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| − | <li>支持输出“前一篇”、“后一篇”博文。</li>
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| − | <li>支持<code>私密博客</code>功能</li>
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| − | <h2 id="ghost">Ghost 英文原版下载</h2>
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| − | <li>最新版本：<a href="http://dl.ghostchina.com/Ghost-0.7.0.zip">Ghost v0.7.0</a></li>
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| − | <p><a href="http://weibo.com/ghostchinacom" title="Ghost中文网官方微博" target="_blank" onclick="_hmt.push(['_trackEvent', 'big-button', 'click', '官方微博'])"><i class="fa fa-weibo"></i> 官方微博</a></p>
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