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Introduction

Antibody issue

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The antibody issue

As mentioned in the introduction, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are frequently used for numerous purposes in research and in medical aspects and the demand is continuously growing. The production market is exponentially rising. The current era of mAbs was initiated by the hybridoma technology developed by Kohler and Milstein back in 1975. Reference: Liu JK1. The history of monoclonal antibody development - Progress, remaining challenges and future innovations. 2014 Sep 11;3(4):113-6.
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2014.09.001. [PubMed] Because mammalian cells are capable of performing post-translational modifications (PTM), these cells are used most often most often. The use of mammalian cells lead to some advantages (e.g. PTM) but indeed also some drawbacks.

In general it may cost between $4,000 - $30,000 to develop and produce monoclonal antibody in animals. Reference: Immunochemistry Technologies (Link) The mice are immunized often either intraperitonealt and/or subcutaenous with a certain antigen, throug a continuar