Difference between revisions of "Team:Brasil-USP/Project/TireComposition"
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<h1>Tire's Composition</h1> | <h1>Tire's Composition</h1> | ||
| − | Tire is one of the most important components of any motor vehicle, supporting its weight, its cargo and making direct contact with the ground. It is responsible for turning the motor power into traction, as well as for the stability of the vehicle and its efficiency of braking. <br/> | + | <p> Tire is one of the most important components of any motor vehicle, supporting its weight, its cargo and making direct contact with the ground. It is responsible for turning the motor power into traction, as well as for the stability of the vehicle and its efficiency of braking. <br/> |
| − | They are mainly composed of different types of rubber, fillers - such as clay and silica - carbon black and minerals and chemicals that speed up the vulcanization process, making these materials very difficult to recycle. Each of the different rubber types present very different properties which require great precision in manufacturing. Normally, mean quantities are showed in Figure 1. | + | They are mainly composed of different types of rubber, fillers - such as clay and silica - carbon black and minerals and chemicals that speed up the vulcanization process, making these materials very difficult to recycle. Each of the different rubber types present very different properties which require great precision in manufacturing. Normally, mean quantities are showed in Figure 1.</p> |
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<div class="fig" style="width: 500 px;"> | <div class="fig" style="width: 500 px;"> | ||
<img style="height:500px; display: block; margin: 20px auto 20px auto;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/66/Team-Brasil-USP_TireComposition.png" /> | <img style="height:500px; display: block; margin: 20px auto 20px auto;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/66/Team-Brasil-USP_TireComposition.png" /> | ||
| − | <p><center>Figure 1: Tire composition</center></p> | + | <font size=3><p><center>Figure 1: Tire composition</center></font></p> |
</div> | </div> | ||
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<h3>Inner Liner</h3> | <h3>Inner Liner</h3> | ||
| − | The inner liner has the function of holding high-pressure air inside. It is composed of rubber layer with low air permeability, and generally consists of butyl, synthetic rubber, or polyisoprene type. <br/><br/> | + | <p><font size=5> The inner liner has the function of holding high-pressure air inside. It is composed of rubber layer with low air permeability, and generally consists of butyl, synthetic rubber, or polyisoprene type.</font></p> <br/><br/> |
<h3> Crown Belt or breaker </h3> | <h3> Crown Belt or breaker </h3> | ||
| − | The breaker has the function of absorbing external shock and helps prevent any tread injury from coming into direct contact with the carcass. In order to do that, the breaker is placed in between the tread and carcass and it is made of chord. Also, the breaker prevents the separation from the rubber layer and the carcass. | + | The breaker has the function of absorbing external shock and helps prevent any tread injury from coming into direct contact with the carcass. In order to do that, the breaker is placed in between the tread and carcass and it is made of chord. Also, the breaker prevents the separation from the rubber layer and the carcass.<br> |
| − | The belt is a strong reinforcement layer placed in between the tread and carcass in radial tires. The belt’s functions are similar to the breaker’s but it also tightens the carcass reinforcing the strength of the tread.<br/><br/> | + | The belt is a strong reinforcement layer placed in between the tread and carcass in radial tires. The belt’s functions are similar to the breaker’s but it also tightens the carcass reinforcing the strength of the tread.<br/><br/> |
<h3> Tread </h3> | <h3> Tread </h3> | ||
| − | The tread is highly resistant to protect the carcass and belt. It consists of a thick layer of rubber which comes into direct contact with the road surface. Besides, rubber with strong anti-inner abrasion features is used to increase tire’s driving lifespan.<br/><br/> | + | The tread is highly resistant to protect the carcass and belt. It consists of a thick layer of rubber which comes into direct contact with the road surface. Besides, rubber with strong anti-inner abrasion features is used to increase tire’s driving lifespan.<br/><br/> |
<h3> Casing Ply and Crown Plies </h3> | <h3> Casing Ply and Crown Plies </h3> | ||
| − | This provides more strength to the tire and are alternate layer of rubber-coated fabric. <br/><br/> | + | This provides more strength to the tire and are alternate layer of rubber-coated fabric. <br/><br/> |
<h3> Sidewall </h3> | <h3> Sidewall </h3> | ||
| − | The sidewall has the function of protecting the carcass on the inside and providing a comfortable riding experience due to its flexibility during driving. <br/><br/> | + | The sidewall has the function of protecting the carcass on the inside and providing a comfortable riding experience due to its flexibility during driving. <br/><br/> |
<h3> Shoulder </h3> | <h3> Shoulder </h3> | ||
| − | The shoulder dissipates heat that is accumulated inside tires while driving. <br/><br/> | + | The shoulder dissipates heat that is accumulated inside tires while driving. <br/><br/> |
<h3> Bead </h3> | <h3> Bead </h3> | ||
| − | The bead is in contact with the rim, then, in the case of sudden reduction of air pressure while driving, the tire will not become loose from the rim. The bead is made up of various parts including the bead wire, core, rubber and flipper.<br/><br/> | + | The bead is in contact with the rim, then, in the case of sudden reduction of air pressure while driving, the tire will not become loose from the rim. The bead is made up of various parts including the bead wire, core, rubber and flipper.<br/><br/> |
<h1>Referências</h1> | <h1>Referências</h1> | ||
| + | <p><font size=3> | ||
1.http://www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/2%20-%20Composition%20of%20a%20Tyre%20-%20May%202006.pdf Acessed at 09/17/2015.<br/> | 1.http://www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/2%20-%20Composition%20of%20a%20Tyre%20-%20May%202006.pdf Acessed at 09/17/2015.<br/> | ||
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3. http://www.hankooktire.com/global/tires-services/tire-guide/tire-structure.html | 3. http://www.hankooktire.com/global/tires-services/tire-guide/tire-structure.html | ||
| − | Acessed at 09/17/2015. <br/> | + | Acessed at 09/17/2015.</font> <br/> |
| + | </p> | ||
</p> | </p> | ||
Latest revision as of 23:05, 18 September 2015
The Tire
Project
Tire's Composition
Tire is one of the most important components of any motor vehicle, supporting its weight, its cargo and making direct contact with the ground. It is responsible for turning the motor power into traction, as well as for the stability of the vehicle and its efficiency of braking.
They are mainly composed of different types of rubber, fillers - such as clay and silica - carbon black and minerals and chemicals that speed up the vulcanization process, making these materials very difficult to recycle. Each of the different rubber types present very different properties which require great precision in manufacturing. Normally, mean quantities are showed in Figure 1.
Tire's Structure
Let´s take a look inside the tires:
Inner Liner
The inner liner has the function of holding high-pressure air inside. It is composed of rubber layer with low air permeability, and generally consists of butyl, synthetic rubber, or polyisoprene type.
Crown Belt or breaker
The breaker has the function of absorbing external shock and helps prevent any tread injury from coming into direct contact with the carcass. In order to do that, the breaker is placed in between the tread and carcass and it is made of chord. Also, the breaker prevents the separation from the rubber layer and the carcass.The belt is a strong reinforcement layer placed in between the tread and carcass in radial tires. The belt’s functions are similar to the breaker’s but it also tightens the carcass reinforcing the strength of the tread.
Tread
The tread is highly resistant to protect the carcass and belt. It consists of a thick layer of rubber which comes into direct contact with the road surface. Besides, rubber with strong anti-inner abrasion features is used to increase tire’s driving lifespan.Casing Ply and Crown Plies
This provides more strength to the tire and are alternate layer of rubber-coated fabric.Sidewall
The sidewall has the function of protecting the carcass on the inside and providing a comfortable riding experience due to its flexibility during driving.Shoulder
The shoulder dissipates heat that is accumulated inside tires while driving.Bead
The bead is in contact with the rim, then, in the case of sudden reduction of air pressure while driving, the tire will not become loose from the rim. The bead is made up of various parts including the bead wire, core, rubber and flipper.Referências
1.http://www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/2%20-%20Composition%20of%20a%20Tyre%20-%20May%202006.pdf Acessed at 09/17/2015.
2. 2. Composition of main materials used in automobile tires in Japan in 2012.
Source: Kunioka, Masao; et al; “Biobased Contents of Natural Rubber Model Compound and Its Separated Constituents”; Polymers 2014, 6(2), 423-442; doi:10.3390/polym6020423
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/6/2/423/htm
3. http://www.hankooktire.com/global/tires-services/tire-guide/tire-structure.html
Acessed at 09/17/2015.