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| − | <h2> Attributions</h2>
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| − | <p> Each team must clearly attribute work done by the student team members on this page. The team must distinguish work done by the students from work done by others, including the host labs, advisors, instructors, and individuals not on the team roster. </p>
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| − | <div class="highlightBox">
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| − | <h4> Can we base our project on a previous one? </h4>
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| − | <p>Yes! You can have a project based on a previous team, or based on someone else's idea, <b>as long as you state this fact very clearly and give credit for the original project.</b> </p>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <h4> Why is this page needed? </h4>
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| − | <p>The Attribution requirement helps the judges know what you did yourselves and what you had help with. We don't mind if you get help with difficult or complex techniques, but you must report what work your team did and what work was done by others.</p>
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| − | <p>
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| − | For example, you might choose to work with an animal model during your project. Working with animals requires getting a license and applying far in advance to conduct certain experiments in many countries. This is difficult to achieve during the course of a summer, but much easier if you can work with a postdoc or PI who has the right licenses.</p>
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| − | <h5> What should this page have?</h5>
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| − | <ul>
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| − | <li>General Support</li>
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| − | <li>Project support and advice</li>
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| − | <li>Fundraising help and advice</li>
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| − | <li>Lab support</li>
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| − | <li>Difficult technique support</li>
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| − | <li>Project advisor support</li>
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| − | <li>Wiki support</li>
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| − | <li>Presentation coaching</li>
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| − | <li>Human Practices support</li>
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| − | <li> Thanks and acknowledgements for all other people involved in helping make a successful iGEM team</li>
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| − | </ul>
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| − | <h4>Inspiration</h4>
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| − | <p>Take a look at what other teams have done:</p>
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| − | <ul>
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| − | <li><a href="https://2011.igem.org/Team:Imperial_College_London/Team">2011 Imperial College London</a> (scroll to the bottom)</li>
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| − | <li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:Exeter/Attributions">2014 Exeter </a></li>
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| − | <li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:Melbourne/Attributions">2014 Melbourne </a></li>
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| − | <li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:Valencia_Biocampus/Attributions">2014 Valencia Biocampus</a></li>
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| − | </ul>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div style="display: none;">
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| − | Vlad III, Prince of Wallachia (1431–1476/77), was a member of the House of Drăculești, a branch of the House of Basarab, also known, using his patronymic, as (Vlad) Drăculea or (Vlad) Dracula.
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| − | He was posthumously dubbed Vlad the Impaler (Romanian: Vlad Țepeș, pronounced [ˈvlad ˈt͡sepeʃ]), and was a three-time Voivode of Wallachia, ruling mainly from 1456 to 1462, the period of the incipient Ottoman conquest of the Balkans. His father, Vlad II Dracul, was a member of the Order of the Dragon, which was founded to protect Christianity in Eastern Europe. Vlad III is revered as a folk hero in Romania as well as other parts of Europe for his protection of the Romanians both north and south of the Danube. A significant number of Romanian common folk and remaining boyars (nobles) moved north of the Danube to Wallachia, recognized his leadership and settled there following his raids on the Ottomans.[1]
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| − | As the cognomen "The Impaler" suggests, his practice of impaling his enemies is part of his historical reputation.[2] During his lifetime, his reputation for excessive cruelty spread abroad, to Germany and elsewhere in Europe. The name of the vampire Count Dracula in Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula was inspired by Vlad's patronymic and reputation.[2]
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| − | Contents
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| − | 1 Name
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| − | 2 Early life
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| − | 2.1 Family
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| − | 2.2 Dealings with the Ottoman Empire
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| − | 3 Second and main reign (1456-62)
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| − | 3.1 War with the Ottomans
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| − | 3.1.1 Sultan Mehmed II's invasion of Wallachia
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| − | 4 Defeat
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| − | 4.1 Imprisonment in Hungary
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| − | 5 Reconquest of Wallachia, Third reign and death
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| − | 5.1 Burial
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| − | 6 Legacy
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| − | 6.1 Reputation for cruelty
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| − | 6.2 German sources
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| − | 6.3 Russian sources
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| − | 6.4 Ambras Castle portrait
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| − | 6.5 Romanian patriotism
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| − | 6.6 Vampire mythology
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| − | 7 See also
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| − | 8 References
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| − | 9 External links
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| − | Name
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| − | Further information: House of Drăculești
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| − | Bust of Vlad the Impaler in Sighișoara, his place of birth
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| − | During his life, Vlad wrote his name in Latin documents as Wladislaus Dragwlya, vaivoda partium Transalpinarum (1475).[3]
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| − | His Romanian patronymic Dragwlya (or Dragkwlya)[3] Dragulea, Dragolea, Drăculea,[4][5] is a diminutive of the epithet Dracul carried by his father Vlad II, who in 1431 was inducted as a member of the Order of the Dragon, a chivalric order founded by Emperor Sigismund in 1408. Dracul is the Romanian definite form, the -ul being the suffixal definite article (deriving from Latin ille). The noun drac "dragon" itself continues Latin draco. In Modern Romanian, the word drac has adopted the meaning of "devil" (the term for "dragon" now being balaur or dragon). This has led to misinterpretations of Vlad's epithet as characterizing him as "devilish".
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| − | Vlad's nickname of Țepeș ("Impaler") identifies his favourite method of execution but was only attached to his name posthumously, in c. 1550.[3] Before this, however, he was known as Kazıklı Bey (Impaler Lord) by the Ottoman Empire after their armies encountered his "forests" of impaled victims.[6]
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| − | Early life
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| − | Family
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| − | Vlad was born in Sighișoara, Voivodeship of Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary, in the winter of 1431 to Vlad II Dracul, future voivode of Wallachia. Vlad's father was the son of the celebrated Voivode Mircea the Elder. His mother is unknown, though at the time his father was believed to have been married to Princess Cneajna of Moldavia (eldest daughter of Alexander "the Good", Prince of Moldavia and aunt to Stephen the Great of Moldavia) and also to have kept a number of mistresses.[1] He had two older half-brothers, Mircea II and Vlad Călugărul, and a younger brother, Radu III the Handsome.
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| − | Vlad Dracul
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| − | In the year of his birth, Vlad's father traveled to Nuremberg, where he was then vested into the Order of the Dragon,[1] a fellowship of knights sworn to defend Christendom against the encroaching Ottomans and European heresies, such as the Hussites.[7] During his initiation, he was given the epithet Dracul, or dragon, by the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund.[8]
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| − | Vlad and Radu spent their early formative years in Sighișoara. During the first reign of their father, Vlad II Dracul, the Voivode brought his young sons to Târgoviște, the capital of Wallachia at that time.
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| − | The Byzantine chancellor Mikhail Doukas showed that, at Târgoviște, the sons of boyars and ruling princes were well-educated by Romanian or Greek scholars commissioned from Constantinople. Vlad is believed to have learned combat skills, geography, mathematics, science, languages (Old Church Slavonic, German, Latin), and the classical arts and philosophy.
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| − | </div>
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| − | </html>
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