Difference between revisions of "Team:Santa Clara/NatureSolution"
(Created page with "{{Santa_Clara/Head}} <html> <div class="container-fluid"> <h1> Nature's Solution </h1> <p> Nature employs numerous systems in order to cope with acidic conditions. These...") |
|||
Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
<div class="col-md-4"> | <div class="col-md-4"> | ||
<img alt="Sample Image 2" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/4/40/GADsystem.png" style="width: 100%"/> | <img alt="Sample Image 2" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/4/40/GADsystem.png" style="width: 100%"/> | ||
− | <p> | + | <p>Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase system uses the conversion of glutamic acid to GABA with the uptake of a proton in order to decrease intracellular acid levels.</p> |
</div> | </div> | ||
<div class="col-md-4"> | <div class="col-md-4"> | ||
− | <h2> | + | <h2>Proton Pumps</h2> |
− | <p>The | + | <p> The most straight forward approach for the cell to attempt to remove the excess acid that has entered the cell. This active transport can work directly on protons, as in the F1FO ATPase, or it can expel intermediates that are formed during the uptake of a free proton, as in the GAD system. </p> |
</div> | </div> | ||
<div class="col-md-4"> | <div class="col-md-4"> | ||
Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
<hr/> | <hr/> | ||
+ | <div class="row"> | ||
+ | <div class="col-md-12"> | ||
+ | <h2>Protection and Repair of Macromolecules</h2> | ||
+ | <p> | ||
+ | pH levels below the physiological range are harmful to cells because they begin to damage major components that are essential to its vitality. Excess proton concentrations will begin to protonate nucleotide bases which leads to a break in the glycosyl bond and DNA damage. To offset the damage, AP (apurinic-apyrimidinic) endonucleases are then expressed to begin the multistep process to replace the missing bases. Similar to DNA, proteins become damaged by high acidity as they begin to denature. A myriad of proteins are then expressed to either refold the protein or tagging it for degradation/evacuation. | ||
+ | </p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
<div class="row"> | <div class="row"> | ||
<div class="col-md-4"> | <div class="col-md-4"> | ||
− | < | + | <h2>Header for first column</h2> |
<p> | <p> | ||
You can also alternate the images and text between the columns to create a pleasant visual effect.<br/> | You can also alternate the images and text between the columns to create a pleasant visual effect.<br/> |
Revision as of 07:33, 15 September 2015
Nature's Solution
Nature employs numerous systems in order to cope with acidic conditions. These systems will work to actively transport or quench intracellular protons, increase the cell’s ability to repair from acid damage, alkalize the environment or alter its membrane composition to decrease its permeability to acid.
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase system uses the conversion of glutamic acid to GABA with the uptake of a proton in order to decrease intracellular acid levels.
Proton Pumps
The most straight forward approach for the cell to attempt to remove the excess acid that has entered the cell. This active transport can work directly on protons, as in the F1FO ATPase, or it can expel intermediates that are formed during the uptake of a free proton, as in the GAD system.
F1FO ATPase used to actively transport protons out of the cytosol.
Protection and Repair of Macromolecules
pH levels below the physiological range are harmful to cells because they begin to damage major components that are essential to its vitality. Excess proton concentrations will begin to protonate nucleotide bases which leads to a break in the glycosyl bond and DNA damage. To offset the damage, AP (apurinic-apyrimidinic) endonucleases are then expressed to begin the multistep process to replace the missing bases. Similar to DNA, proteins become damaged by high acidity as they begin to denature. A myriad of proteins are then expressed to either refold the protein or tagging it for degradation/evacuation.
Header for first column
You can also alternate the images and text between the columns to create a pleasant visual effect.
Here, the text is in the first column and the image is in the second column.
Text below second image.
Of course, you can still use the traditional one-column format.