Difference between revisions of "Team:Tokyo-NoKoGen/Overview"

 
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      <h2>introduction</h2>
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        <br>
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        <section id="figure01" class="figure">
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          <m1>Introduction</m1><br>
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                <a href="#figure01"><h3> Team Project Descriptions </h3></a>
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　　　　　　　　　 <div>
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<m1><u><b>Do you know that termites cause serious damage ??</b></u></m1><br>
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        <figcaption>    
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<m2>What kind   image do you have when you hear the word “termite”?? You may imagine some dirty insect. Some people  may go crazy if they think about it. Some people may think of the insect’s habit; they eat wood and paper, live in the dark, like humid space in a human’s house. We think very few people have a good image of the insect.<br>
 +
<br>
 +
  These images are not so wrong. There are many problems around this insect.
 +
 First of all, they eat a lot of wood and paper; This is well known to people. But their voracity is unimaginable.  is beyond your images. Termites eat wood of all kinds, papers, and clothes that contain cellulose. They can eat the hard main pillar of a house, fluffy clothes, and also Kimtowels. The picture below shows a nearly collapsing house. It is damaged by a termite outbreak; thousands of termites have taken bites out of the poles.<br>
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<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br></m2>
  
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<h4>-Background-</h4>
 
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<p> Do you know serious pest damages that is harmful to human house and buildings…?<br>
 
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<p>The criminal is one of the flagitious vermin….termites.</p>
 
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<p>Termites are insects that feed on wood and paper, and eat like pillars of houses or books. There are a lot of  pesticides developed to exterminate termites. However, many of the pesticides against termites is an organophosphorus agent which has an immediate effect to the individual, while has a negative effect on the human body.</p>
 
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<p>To solve this problem of pesticides, NoKogen aim to engineer new termites extermination system in iGEM project. </p>
 
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<h4>-Object-</h4>
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<m1><b><u>No effective & safe pesticides for termites</u></b></m1><br>  
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<p> We have two objectives to realize our project.<br>
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<m2>You can see the enormous power of termites, furthermore, there is another problem.
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      ・Exterminate termite in slow-acting method on a long-term basis<br>
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It is unfortunate  that there is no effective pesticides for termites.
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      ・Create a new pesticide which is not harmful to man  </p>
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Of course, there are so many pesticides at a pharmacy or hardware store, but most of them contain neurotoxines. So they affect not only termites, but also humans.
 +
A survey of the neurotoxins in pesticides for termite. It shows that 18.3 % of the users claim some symptoms caused by pesticides, such as nausea, headache, stomachache, eczema, autonomic imbalance...!! Using pesticide may cause you serious symptoms.
 +
Moreover, although it is true that these dangerous pesticides are quick-acting, they can not annihilate termites. To completely exterminate termites would require  a new pesticide that has a large effect also on the next generation. <br>
  
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<h4>-Method-</h4>
 
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<p> To achieve these objective, we are engineering the E. coli which produce poison against termites and work in termite’s guts.</p>
 
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<p> In our project, we focused on the two properties of termites.<br>
 
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First, we  became aware of that cockroaches and termites are the same order and both of them use trehalose as the primary energy source. <br>
 
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Actually, NoKoGen engineered E. coli which has ability to kill cockroaches. So we thought that we can apply part of the method of previous project to exterminate termites. <br>
 
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In concrete method, we are planning to use 3,3-diketotrehalose.  it is an inhibitor of trehalase which converts trehalose to glucose.
 
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Cockroach and termites digested carbohydrates and metabolized to trehalose.
 
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Trehalose stored in the blood and is taken up by cells additionally converts trehalose to glucose.
 
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3,3-diketotrehalose is produced by the enzymatic reaction of glucose 3 dehydrogenase (G3DH).<br>
 
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We aim to express the G3DH in E. coli and prevent the trehalase activity by competitive inhibition.
 
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</p>
 
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<p> Moreover, we construct OtsA and OtsB which convert glucose to trehalose.<br>
 
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Many more trehalose is converted to 3,3-diketotrehalose which inhibits termite’s passway.</p>
 
  
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<p>
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　This is further complicated by the fact that because it is very difficult to detect termites on account of their living in the recess of the house, you can not spray the pesticides directly. <br>
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Second properties of termites is that termites carry and lick their eggs.<br>
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<br></m2>
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Termites recognize their egg as spherical material has a diameter of 0.5 mm  and pheromone.
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<br>
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Based on this feature of termites, we try to make the pseudo-eggs to use the habit.<br>
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<br>
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We are planning to make pseudo-eggs with LB agar which is cut to the spherical  and engineered E. coli in it.
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<m1>　<b>Please imagine…</b></m1>
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We will treat this material as pseudo egg and apply the Lysozyme as termite’s pheromone so that
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<m2>If termites live in your beautiful wooden house...and there may be a huge outbreak of termites in your lovely room….<br>
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termites recognize them as eggs and take them to termites colony.<br>
+
Do you want to exterminate termites in your living space? <br>
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We expect that this pseudo-eggs are effective to exterminate termites.</p>
+
If you cannot exterminate them totally, do you want to use it ?<br>
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<p>By these methods based on the feature of termites , we hope that we can achieve our objectives.</p>
+
<br>
 +
　<b>You may feel cold by thinking about it, but No Problem!!</b><br></m2>
 +
　<m1><b>Tokyo-NoKoGen developed new pesticides for Termites.</b></m1>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br><m2>
 +
　We developed a new system to exterminate termites, named ExTermite Coli.<br>
 +
There are three remarkable features of this new ExTermite Coli system.<br></m2>
 +
<u> <m2>　　・You can exterminate termites</u><br></m2>
 +
<m2>As the name indicates, ExTermite Coli can exterminate termites. ExTermite Coli uses some enzymes to inhibit a metabolic pathway in termites. It has effect to not only adult insects , but also larvae, and eggs. Because of this feature, ExTermite Coli can annihilate termites.<br></m2>
 +
<u><m2>　　・You can use it without any damage to your body</u></m2><br>
 +
<m2>ExTermite Coli inhibits a metabolic pathway in insects only. It has no bad effect for human body because human body has different metabolic system. You can use ExTermite Coli without worrying. <br></m2>
 +
<u><m2>　　・You can exterminate termites easily</u><br></m2>
 +
<m2>With our ExTermite Coli, there is no need to locate the termite colonies. The termite themselves will gladly deliver ExTermite Coli to their colony.<br></m2>
  
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<h4>-Biosafety-</h4>
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        <center><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Tokyo-NoKoGen/ACK"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/d/d9/NKExtermite.png"></a></center>
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<p>When we think about practical application of our termite extermination system, there are one big problem. <br>
+
              　　　　　　　　<center><m1><u><b>Acknwoledgement</b></u></m1></center>
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It is that we can’t avoid spreading gene recombinant microorganisms to the natural world.
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−
However, there are many restriction about application of gene recombinant microorganisms not to destroy the balance of nature.<br>
+
   
−
To solve this problem and protect biosafety standards, we are planning to introduce bacteriolysis system in our project. <br>
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</div>
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Our target, termites usually form colonies around dark and shadowy area, like under the floor.
+
−
Inversely, our termites extermination system has no need to work in some places which are exposed to direct sunlight. So we are looking for some systems which can induce bacteriolysis to our engineered E.coli under white light or UV light.</p>
+
  
−
<h4>-Human practice-</h4>
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        </div>
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<p>
+
−
Medical drugs, cosmetics, genetically modified foods, detergents, and also pesticides….our everyday life is supported by cutting-edge biotechnology, but few people realize what you really use.<br>
+
−
Tokyo-Nokogen is has some plans to spread some tips and knowledges about bioengineering and biotechnology.<br>
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One of our plan is educational activity. We have already had a small class to teach biotechnology familiar to the students  in the high-school. Also we asked them what kind of device they wanted  to create. There were some interesting ideas for us.<br>
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−
Also, we are planning to take a survey to the people at large in Japan and other countries. </p>
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<p>We expect that our survey will be one of a chance for people to take an interest in biotechnology. </p>
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Latest revision as of 10:18, 21 November 2015

　


Introduction
Do you know that termites cause serious damage ??
What kind  image do you have when you hear the word “termite”?? You may imagine some dirty insect. Some people  may go crazy if they think about it. Some people may think of the insect’s habit; they eat wood and paper, live in the dark, like humid space in a human’s house. We think very few people have a good image of the insect.

  These images are not so wrong. There are many problems around this insect.  First of all, they eat a lot of wood and paper; This is well known to people. But their voracity is unimaginable. is beyond your images. Termites eat wood of all kinds, papers, and clothes that contain cellulose. They can eat the hard main pillar of a house, fluffy clothes, and also Kimtowels. The picture below shows a nearly collapsing house. It is damaged by a termite outbreak; thousands of termites have taken bites out of the poles.



 No effective & safe pesticides for termites
You can see the enormous power of termites, furthermore, there is another problem. It is unfortunate  that there is no effective pesticides for termites. Of course, there are so many pesticides at a pharmacy or hardware store, but most of them contain neurotoxines. So they affect not only termites, but also humans. A survey of the neurotoxins in pesticides for termite. It shows that 18.3 % of the users claim some symptoms caused by pesticides, such as nausea, headache, stomachache, eczema, autonomic imbalance...!! Using pesticide may cause you serious symptoms. Moreover, although it is true that these dangerous pesticides are quick-acting, they can not annihilate termites. To completely exterminate termites would require a new pesticide that has a large effect also on the next generation.
　This is further complicated by the fact that because it is very difficult to detect termites on account of their living in the recess of the house, you can not spray the pesticides directly.



　Please imagine… If termites live in your beautiful wooden house...and there may be a huge outbreak of termites in your lovely room….
Do you want to exterminate termites in your living space?
If you cannot exterminate them totally, do you want to use it ?

　You may feel cold by thinking about it, but No Problem!!
 　Tokyo-NoKoGen developed new pesticides for Termites.


　We developed a new system to exterminate termites, named ExTermite Coli.
There are three remarkable features of this new ExTermite Coli system.
  　　・You can exterminate termites
As the name indicates, ExTermite Coli can exterminate termites. ExTermite Coli uses some enzymes to inhibit a metabolic pathway in termites. It has effect to not only adult insects , but also larvae, and eggs. Because of this feature, ExTermite Coli can annihilate termites.
 　　・You can use it without any damage to your body
ExTermite Coli inhibits a metabolic pathway in insects only. It has no bad effect for human body because human body has different metabolic system. You can use ExTermite Coli without worrying.
　　・You can exterminate termites easily
With our ExTermite Coli, there is no need to locate the termite colonies. The termite themselves will gladly deliver ExTermite Coli to their colony.
　　　　　　　　
Acknwoledgement