|
|
| (16 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | {{Toulouse}}
| |
| − | <html>
| |
| − | <head>
| |
| − | <meta charset="utf-8">
| |
| − | <title>iGEM Toulouse 2015</title>
| |
| − | <link rel="icon" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/2/2e/TLSE_ApiColi.png" type="image/png" style="width:10%;"/>
| |
| | | | |
| − | </head>
| |
| − | <body id="top">
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <script>
| |
| − | var myurl = "https://2015.igem.org/Team:Toulouse/Descrition";
| |
| − | var elementId = "project";
| |
| − | </script>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </html>{{Toulouse/nav}}<html>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − | <div class="wrapper row0 bgded" style="background-image:url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/ba/TLSE_bg_5.png')">
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="shout">
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="shout-content clear">
| |
| − | <div class="maintitle">
| |
| − | <center> <h3>Meetups & Collaborations</h3> </center>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <center><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b7/TLSE_Team_Bees.png"></center>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="wrapper row3">
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <br>
| |
| − | <main class="container clear">
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="group">
| |
| − | <p class="text">
| |
| − | One of the greatest opportunities offered by iGEM is to meet and work with scientists from all over the world, be it by leaning on previous professional work, or by collaborating with iGEM teams. You can read here about our interactions with other teams.
| |
| − | </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <div class="title">
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <a href="#main2"><h3>Meetups</h3></a>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <center>
| |
| − | <div id="breadcrumb" class="clear" style="float: center;" >
| |
| − | <ul>
| |
| − | <li><a href="#part1">- KU Leuven in Brussels </i></a></li>
| |
| − | <li><a href="#part2">- August 29th-30th: Meetup in Bordeaux </a></li>
| |
| − | </ul>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </center>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="title">
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <a href="#main2"><h3>Collaborations</h3></a>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <center>
| |
| − | <div id="breadcrumb" class="clear" style="float: center;" >
| |
| − | <ul>
| |
| − | <li><a href="#part1">- KU Leuven</i></a></li>
| |
| − | <li><a href="#part2">- Ankara</a></li>
| |
| − | </ul>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </center>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <center><hr style="width:66%;height:1px;border:none;color:rgba(29, 5, 79, 1);background-color:rgba(29, 5, 79, 1); z-index:50; position:relative;"></center>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <center><div class="title" >
| |
| − | <h3>Meetups</h3>
| |
| − | </div></center>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <center><div class="subtitle" >
| |
| − | <h3>KU Leuven</h3>
| |
| − | </div></center>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="group center">
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="one_third">
| |
| − | <p align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
| |
| − | With the success of <a href="#"> Exposciences<br> Midi-Pyrenées </a> we were given the opportunity to participate in the<a href="#">International Exposciences</a>
| |
| − | which took place in Brussels, Belgium, between the 19th and the 25th of July.
| |
| − | Taking advantage of our being in Brussels, we met four representatives of the iGEM KU Leuven team (Belgium).
| |
| − | <br> For an entire afternoon, we exchanged views about our projects and particularly about the modeling part since our teams are using different softwares and methods. iGEM KU Leuven team uses (among others) the MatLab software whereas we use the Opflux software with the FBA (Flux Balance Analysis) and FVA (Flux Availability Analysis) methods.
| |
| − | <br>
| |
| − | This first meeting then evolved in a collaboration about modeling our projects.
| |
| − | </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <div class="two_third">
| |
| − | <br>
| |
| − | <br>
| |
| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/f/f1/TLSE_Meetup_leuven.png" style="width:100%" />
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <center> <div class="subtitle">
| |
| − | <h3>Meet-up in Bordeaux - 29th/30th August</h3>
| |
| − | </div></center>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="group center">
| |
| − | <p class="text">
| |
| − | The French-speaking meet-up took place in Bordeaux on the 29th and the 30th of August. Numerous teams were represented there: Bordeaux, Paris Saclay, Paris Pasteur, Leuven (Belgium), EPFL (Switzerland), Aix-Marseille and our own team.
| |
| − | </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <center>
| |
| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/c5/TLSE_Meetup_Bordeaux2.jpg" style="width:80%" /></center>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="title">
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <div class="group center">
| |
| − | <div class="three_quarter">
| |
| − | <p class="text">
| |
| − | <br>
| |
| − | The program of this meet-up was very complete, from the discovery of Bordeaux through a tour of the city to the presentation of the projects and activities prepared by some of the teams present.
| |
| − | <br>
| |
| − | The presentations were held in a museum called CapSciences, dedicated to the popularization of science. We had to present our project both in French and English to a public composed of the other teams and non scientific people. It was very interesting to work on our communication skills and trying to find the balance between simplistic and still understandable by everyone. It was also a great opportunity to learn about other teams’ projects.
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <div class="one_quarter">
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/9/9e/TLSE_Meetup_Blandine.jpg" style="width:80%" />
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="group center">
| |
| − | <p class="text">
| |
| − | On Sunday, the two parisian teams had prepared activities. Paris Pasteur was a survey related to their subject. Paris Saclay offered us to reflect on biosafety applied to our projects. They helped us identify the potential dangers in our project and how we could act on them. Each team was filmed explaining its solution. You can find our own video here.
| |
| − | </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <center>
| |
| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/d/d8/TLSE_Meetup_Bordeaux1.jpg" style="width:80%" /></center>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="group center">
| |
| − | <p class="text">
| |
| − | All in all this meet-up was a great chance to exchange and get to know other French-speaking teams. We would like to warmly thank the Bordeaux team for organizing it !
| |
| − | </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <center>
| |
| − | <div class="title">
| |
| − | <h3>Collaborations</h3>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </center>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="title">
| |
| − | <h3>METU HS Ankara team - International data about Varroa</h3>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="group center">
| |
| − | <p class="text">
| |
| − | After some work on the project, we discovered that the team from METU High School in Ankara was working on the same subject as us, the fight against Varroa destructor, a dangerous parasite of the honeybee. We had a Skype conversation with them about the way we could help each other out
| |
| − | </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <center>
| |
| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/c5/TLSE_Collab_ank1.jpg" style="width:50%;"/>
| |
| − | <p class="legend"> From a Skype conversation with the Ankara team, the connection was poor, hence the quality</p>
| |
| − | </center>
| |
| − | <div class="group center">
| |
| − | <p class="text">
| |
| − | Based on their idea we decided to create a survey to be spread through Turkey and France in order to have a better idea of the extent of beehives’ infestation by varroas. Below are presented the results of this survey.
| |
| − | </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="subtitle">
| |
| − | <h3>From France</h3>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="group center">
| |
| − | <p class="text">
| |
| − | We wish to underline the fact that in France there are few professional beekeepers, most of them are amateurs and own only a few hives. Thus there is no unity between these beekeepers, nor any syndicate. Hence the beekeepers that answered our survey were already interested in our project and aware of the problem caused by Varroa. We take this opportunity of thanking them for their participation and their help:
| |
| − | <br>
| |
| − | <b>Matthieu Bourgeois, Michel Rives, François Sénéchal, Daniel Goubert, Lauras, Sébastien Bernard, Henri Martin, Marie Nadau, Michel Muller, Charlotte Bompard, Bruno Frémont, Gérard Corvée, Jean Rouquet.
| |
| − | </b>
| |
| − | </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <div class="group center">
| |
| − | <p class="text">
| |
| − | As said previously, all beekeepers having answered the survey know about varroa and other ailments of the bees, such as American/European foulbrood, varroosis (caused by varroa), mycosis, chronic paralysis, nosema, sacced or chalk brood, deformed wings virus, colony collapse syndrome, acariosis or other dangers like the Asian hornet (a predator), pesticides or mold.
| |
| − | </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="subsubtitle">
| |
| − | <h3>Impacts of Varroa’s presence:</h3>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="group">
| |
| − | <p align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
| |
| − | Varroa itself acts both as a parasite feeding itself of the bee’s hemolymph, which weakens it, but also as a vector of pathogens like viruses that spread in an already weakened colony. A beehive’s infestation by varroa is visible through:
| |
| − | </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="group">
| |
| − | <div class="one_quarter first" >
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="three_quarter">
| |
| − | <ol align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
| |
| − | <li>The presence of bees with deformed or atrophied wings</li>
| |
| − | <li>The decrease of honey yield</li>
| |
| − | <li>The weakening of the colony</li>
| |
| − | <li>In the most serious cases, the death of the queen and total loss of the colony</li>
| |
| − | </ol>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="group">
| |
| − | <p align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
| |
| − | Beekeepers observed an exponential growth of varroa population in the colonies during summer. Infestation stays at a bearable level during the summer, and it increases tremendously at the end of it, leading to the death of the colonies during fall or winter.
| |
| − | <br>
| |
| − | Needless to say, this infestation has a financial impact, be it because of a decreased honey yield when it is sold, or because of the necessity of buying treatments or even new swarms.
| |
| − | ¾ of beekeepers say they are affected financially by this mite.
| |
| − | </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="subsubtitle">
| |
| − | <h3>Measures against varroa and their efficiency:</h3>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="group">
| |
| − | <p align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
| |
| − | Beekeepers use different kinds of methods in the fight against varroa: physical methods such as a wire-mesh floor or the destruction of male broods (preferentially infested by varroas), chemical methods with products like apivar, amitraz, formic and oxalic acids, or essential oils, and finally the genetic selection of resistant bee strains.
| |
| − | <br>
| |
| − | Need These diverse methods are more or less efficient. The most efficient of the treatments are the chemical ones, but this efficiency is never 100%.
| |
| − | </p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="subsubtitle">
| |
| − | <h3>Description of treatments, pros and cons:</h3>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="group center">
| |
| − | <table class="result" style="font_size:15px;">
| |
| − | <tbody>
| |
| − | <tr>
| |
| − | <th>Treatment</th>
| |
| − | <th>Pros</th>
| |
| − | <th>Cons</th>
| |
| − | </tr>
| |
| − | <tr>
| |
| − | <th>Formic acid, oxalic acid</th>
| |
| − | <td>Cheap, non fat-soluble (no persistence in the wax)</td>
| |
| − | <td>Hard to dose, might induce the wrapping and death of the queen</td>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </tr>
| |
| − | <tr>
| |
| − | <th>Apilife var</th>
| |
| − | <td>Organic product but to be used only after the heat waves for fear of losing the queens</td>
| |
| − | <td>Incomplete efficiency, and a beekeeper observed deserted hives</td>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </tr>
| |
| − | <tr>
| |
| − | <th>Amitraz, Taktic</th>
| |
| − | <td>-</td>
| |
| − | <td>Residual product in the honey</td>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </tr>
| |
| − | <tr>
| |
| − | <th>Essential oils: vetiver, lavander, thymol…</th>
| |
| − | <td>Organic product, no identified toxicity</td>
| |
| − | <td>No identified disadvantages</td>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </tr>
| |
| − | <tr>
| |
| − | <th>Apistan</th>
| |
| − | <td>Easy to use, does not cause death of the bees</td>
| |
| − | <td>Necessity to wear gloves while using it</td>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </tr>
| |
| − | <tr>
| |
| − | <th>Apivar</th>
| |
| − | <td>Recommended by some beekeeping trainers</td>
| |
| − | <td>Necessity to wear gloves while using it</td>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </tr>
| |
| − | </tbody>
| |
| − | </table>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="group center"></html>{{Team:Paris_Saclay/survey_badge|width=250px}}<html></div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </main>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − | <!-- ########################### SPONSORS ###################################################################### -->
| |
| − | <div class="wrapper row4">
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="container clear" style="padding-top:30px;">
| |
| − | <center><p class="maintitle">
| |
| − | References
| |
| − | </p></center>
| |
| − | <br>
| |
| − | <div class="clear">
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <br>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
| |
| − | <!-- ####################### FOOTER ######################################################################### -->
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </html>{{Toulouse/footer}}<html>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </body>
| |
| − | </html>
| |