Difference between revisions of "Team:Toulouse/Safety"

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<div class="wrapper row2 bgded" style="background-image:url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/03/TLSE_bakcground.png');">
 +
    <div id="pageintro">
 +
<div class="title">
 +
      <h2>Context</h2>
 +
 
 +
    </div>
 +
 +
    <div id="breadcrumb" class="clear">
 +
      <ul>
 +
        <li><a href="#domBee">1- Domestic bees</a></li>
 +
        <li><a href="#CCD">2- Collapse of Bees</a></li>
 +
        <li><a href="#varroa"><i>3- Varroa destructor</i></a></li>
 +
        <li><a href="#outB">4- Outbreak of Varroa</a></li>
 +
<li><a href="#fight">5- Means to fight Varroa</a></li>
 +
      </ul>
 +
    </div>
 +
</div>
 +
</div>
 
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     <div class="shout-content clear">
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       <div class="maintitle">
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       <div class="title">
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     <center> <h3>Safety</h3> </center>
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     <center> <h3>Strategy</h3> </center>
 
     </div>
 
     </div>
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  <center><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/67/TLSE_BG.png"></center>
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  <center><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b9/TLSE_strategy_BG.png"></center>
 
    
 
    
 
</div>
 
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<br>
 
<br>
 
   <main class="container clear">  
 
   <main class="container clear">  
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+
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  <div class="title">
+
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      <a href="#main1"><h3>Content</h3></a>
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    <div class="title">
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      <h3>Content</h3>
 +
    </div>
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<center>
 
     <div id="breadcrumb" class="clear" style="float: center;" >
 
     <div id="breadcrumb" class="clear" style="float: center;" >
 
  <ul>
 
  <ul>
−
         <li><a href="#part1">- INSA safety training</a></li>
+
         <li><a href="#part1">- Introducing <i>ApiColi</i></a></li>
−
         <li><a href="#part2">- Safety in the lab</a></li>
+
         <li><a href="#part2">- It’s a TrapiColi!</a></li>
−
         <li><a href="#part3">- Attraction test on varroas</a></li>
+
         <li><a href="#part3">- <i>Apicoli</i> circadian rythm</a></li>
−
        <li><a href="#part4">- Mortality test on varroas</a></li>
+
 
       </ul>
 
       </ul>
 
     </div>
 
     </div>
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<hr style="width:66%;height:1px;border:none;color:rgba(29, 5, 79, 1);background-color:rgba(29, 5, 79, 1);">
 
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  <center><div class="title" >    
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<h3>Team safety and training</h3>
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    <!-- FIRST PARAGRAPH -->
 +
<center><div class="subtitle" >    
 +
<h3>An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure
 +
</h3>
 
</div></center>
 
</div></center>
−
 
−
<div class="subtitle" >  
 
−
<h3>INSA safety training</h3>
 
−
</div>
 
  
 
<div class="group center">
 
<div class="group center">
−
<p align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
+
<div class="tow_third first">
−
INSA is an
+
        <p align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
  
 +
 +
Given the
 +
influence of the varroa mite in bee population decline,
 +
we aimed our project to fit into the fight against varroa.
 +
<b>Current chemical treatments</b> used to fight varroa are not
 +
satisfying since they are <b>harmful for bees</b> and human health,
 +
and beekeepers relate a <b>lack of effectiveness</b>.
 +
</p><div id="part1"><!-- ANCHOR 1--></div>
 +
<p align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
 +
Our project, <i>ApiColi</i>, is an <b>alternative solution</b> in the
 +
fight against varroa in order to <b>establish balance</b>
 +
between <i>Apis mellifera</i> and <i>Varroa destructor</i>
 +
and thus contribute to the preservation of ecosystems.
 
</p>
 
</p>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
<div class="subsubtitle" >  
 
−
<h3>New employees safety training</h3>
 
−
</div>
 
−
<div class="group center">
 
−
<p align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
 
  
  
−
 
+
<div class="one_third">
−
</p>
+
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/1b/TLSE_WIP.png" style="width:70%;"/>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
<div class="subsubtitle" >    
+
      </div>
−
<h3>Autoclave</h3>
+
  <div class="subtitle">    
 +
<h3>Introducing <i>ApiColi</i>
 +
</h3>
 
</div>
 
</div>
−
<div class="group center">
 
  
−
</div>
 
−
 
−
<div class="subsubtitle" >  
 
−
<h3>Liquid nitrogen</h3>
 
−
</div>
 
 
<div class="group center">
 
<div class="group center">
 +
        <p align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
 +
 +
Our strategy is based on the <b>alternate production</b> of two molecules according to a <b>circadian cycle</b>, and thanks to a genetically modified <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain. <br>
  
−
</div>
+
<b>During the day</b>, while bees are entering or exiting the beehive, <b>butyrate</b> is biosynthesized by our strain, <i>ApiColi</i>, in order to <b>attract the varroa</b> which is fixed on bees. <br>
  
−
<div class="subsubtitle" >  
+
<b>By night</b>, <i>ApiColi</i> produces <b>formate</b>, a well-known molecule <b>lethal to the varroa</b> attracted during the day.<br>
−
<h3>Legislation and French Labor Law</h3>
+
−
</div>
+
−
<div class="group center">
+
  
−
</div>
+
Formic acid is currently used to fight varroa but at <b>very high doses</b> that also have an <b>impact on bees</b>.
  
−
  <center><div class="title" >  
+
</p>
−
<h3>Safety in the lab</h3>
+
      </div>
−
</div></center>
+
 +
 
 +
 
 +
  <div class="group center">
 +
<br>
 +
  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/38/TLSE_strategy_fig1.png" style="width:66%;height:580px;" />
 +
</div>
 +
<div id="part2"><!-- ANCHOR 2--></div>
 +
<div class="group center">
 +
<br>
 +
<p> Figure 1: Circadian rhythm switch strategy</p>
 +
</div>
  
−
  <div class="subtitle" >  
 
−
<h3>Equipment</h3>
 
−
</div>
 
  
−
<div class="group center">
 
  
−
</div>
+
<div class="subtitle">  
 +
<h3>It’s a TrapiColi!
  
−
<div class="subtitle" >  
+
</h3>
−
<h3>Waste</h3>
+
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
 
<div class="group center">
 
<div class="group center">
−
 
+
        <p align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
 +
In our project, the engineered bacteria <i>ApiColi</i> will be placed at the bottom of a trap, called <b>TrApiColi</b>,
 +
positioned at the entrance of the hive. Varroas will be <b>attracted</b> and killed there, leaving the <b>bee colony
 +
less exposed </b>to both chemicals, and particularly formic acid.
 +
</p>
 
</div>
 
</div>
−
 
+
<div id="part3"><!-- ANCHOR 3--></div>
−
<div class="subtitle" >  
+
−
<h3>Storage</h3>
+
−
</div>
+
−
 
+
 
<div class="group center">
 
<div class="group center">
 +
  <p align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
 +
Furthermore, at the moment, beehives are only treated with formic acid during <b>spring</b> and <b>fall</b>, when no
 +
honey is being made. This is due to the fact that formic acid weakens bees but also that when varroa have entered the
 +
brood, they are <b>not affected by it</b>. <br>
 +
The attraction power of <i>ApiColi</i> will enable us to prevent most varroas from entering the beehive and reaching the brood.
 +
This way, our treatment would be <b>useable</b> even <b>during the summer</b>.
 +
</p>
 +
      </div>
  
−
</div>
+
<div class="subtitle">  
 +
<h3><i>Apicoli</i> circadian rythm
  
−
<div class="subtitle" >  
+
</h3>
−
<h3>Rules</h3>
+
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
 
<div class="group center">
 
<div class="group center">
−
 
+
        <p align="center" style="font-size:15px;">
 +
The synthetic regulation system used in <i>ApiColi</i> is based on a <b>chimeric red light receptor</b> that makes our bacterium <b>sensible to daylight</b>. <br>
 +
</p>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
<div class="subtitle" >  
+
<div class="group center">
−
<h3>Ethidium Bromide</h3>
+
<div class="one_half first">
 +
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/5/57/TLSE_Attract_BG.png" style="width:40%;" />
 
</div>
 
</div>
−
 
+
<div class="one_half">
−
<div class="group">
+
<br>
−
 
+
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<h3 class="nospace"><a target="_blank" href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Toulouse/project/attract">During the day</a></h3>
 +
            <p align="center" style="font-size:15px;">Formate expression is repressed and <b>butyrate synthesis</b> inhibition is stopped.
 +
<br>Thus <i>Apicoli</i> produces only <b>butyrate</b>.
 +
</p>
 +
</div>
 +
</div>
 +
<div class="group center">
 
<div class="one_half first">
 
<div class="one_half first">
−
<center>
+
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/0b/TLSE_Eradicate_BG.png" style="width:60%;" />
−
<div class="subsubtitle" >  
+
−
<h3>Dark room</h3>
+
−
</div>
+
−
</center>
+
 
</div>
 
</div>
−
 
 
<div class="one_half">
 
<div class="one_half">
−
<center>
+
<br>
−
<div class="subsubtitle" >  
+
<br>
−
<h3>Waste</h3>
+
<br>
−
</div>  
+
<br>
−
</center>
+
<br>
 +
<h3 class="nospace"><a target="_blank" href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Toulouse/project/eradicate">During the night</a></h3>
 +
            <p align="center" style="font-size:15px;">The system reverses, and <b>formate</b> is synthesized while butyrate synthesis is inhibited.
 +
 
 +
</p>
 +
</div>
 
</div>
 
</div>
−
 
  
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
−
 
 
   </main>
 
   </main>
 
</div>
 
</div>
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<br>
 
<br>
 
<div class="clear">
 
<div class="clear">
 +
<ul>
 +
<li>
 +
[1] Yves Le Conte, Marion Ellis, Wolfgang RITTER. Varroa mites and honey bee health: can Varroa explain part of the colony losses? Apidologie, Springer Verlag (Germany), 2010, 41 (3), <10.1051/apido/2010017>.</li>
 +
 +
<li>
 +
[2] Sammataro, D., Gerson, U., Needham, G., 2000. Parasitic mites of honey bees life history implications and impact. Annual Review of Entomology 45, 519-548
 +
</li>
 +
 +
<li>
 +
[3] Peng, Y-S., Fang, Y., Xu, S., Ge, L., 1987. The resistance mechanism of the Asian honey bee, Apis cerana Fabr., to an ectoparasitic mite, Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans. Journal of invertebrate pathology 49, 54-60.
 +
</li>
 +
 +
<li>
 +
[4] S, L, P Wendling. 2012. Varroa destructor (ANDERSON ET TRUEMAN, 2000), UN ACARIEN ECTOPARASITE DE L’ABEILLE DOMESTIQUE Apis mellifera LINNAEUS, 1758. REVUE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE ET CONTRIBUTION À L’ÉTUDE DE SA REPRODUCTION.</li>
  
 +
</ul>
 
</div>
 
</div>
 
<br>
 
<br>

Revision as of 12:19, 3 September 2015

iGEM Toulouse 2015

Strategy


Content

An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure

Given the influence of the varroa mite in bee population decline, we aimed our project to fit into the fight against varroa. Current chemical treatments used to fight varroa are not satisfying since they are harmful for bees and human health, and beekeepers relate a lack of effectiveness.

Our project, ApiColi, is an alternative solution in the fight against varroa in order to establish balance between Apis mellifera and Varroa destructor and thus contribute to the preservation of ecosystems.

Introducing ApiColi

Our strategy is based on the alternate production of two molecules according to a circadian cycle, and thanks to a genetically modified Escherichia coli strain.
During the day, while bees are entering or exiting the beehive, butyrate is biosynthesized by our strain, ApiColi, in order to attract the varroa which is fixed on bees.
By night, ApiColi produces formate, a well-known molecule lethal to the varroa attracted during the day.
Formic acid is currently used to fight varroa but at very high doses that also have an impact on bees.



Figure 1: Circadian rhythm switch strategy

It’s a TrapiColi!

In our project, the engineered bacteria ApiColi will be placed at the bottom of a trap, called TrApiColi, positioned at the entrance of the hive. Varroas will be attracted and killed there, leaving the bee colony less exposed to both chemicals, and particularly formic acid.

Furthermore, at the moment, beehives are only treated with formic acid during spring and fall, when no honey is being made. This is due to the fact that formic acid weakens bees but also that when varroa have entered the brood, they are not affected by it.
The attraction power of ApiColi will enable us to prevent most varroas from entering the beehive and reaching the brood. This way, our treatment would be useable even during the summer.

Apicoli circadian rythm

The synthetic regulation system used in ApiColi is based on a chimeric red light receptor that makes our bacterium sensible to daylight.






During the day

Formate expression is repressed and butyrate synthesis inhibition is stopped.
Thus Apicoli produces only butyrate.






During the night

The system reverses, and formate is synthesized while butyrate synthesis is inhibited.

References


  • [1] Yves Le Conte, Marion Ellis, Wolfgang RITTER. Varroa mites and honey bee health: can Varroa explain part of the colony losses? Apidologie, Springer Verlag (Germany), 2010, 41 (3), <10.1051/apido/2010017>.
  • [2] Sammataro, D., Gerson, U., Needham, G., 2000. Parasitic mites of honey bees life history implications and impact. Annual Review of Entomology 45, 519-548
  • [3] Peng, Y-S., Fang, Y., Xu, S., Ge, L., 1987. The resistance mechanism of the Asian honey bee, Apis cerana Fabr., to an ectoparasitic mite, Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans. Journal of invertebrate pathology 49, 54-60.
  • [4] S, L, P Wendling. 2012. Varroa destructor (ANDERSON ET TRUEMAN, 2000), UN ACARIEN ECTOPARASITE DE L’ABEILLE DOMESTIQUE Apis mellifera LINNAEUS, 1758. REVUE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE ET CONTRIBUTION À L’ÉTUDE DE SA REPRODUCTION.