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| − | {{Toulouse}}
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| − | <meta charset="utf-8">
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| − | <title>iGEM Toulouse 2015</title>
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| − | <link rel="icon" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/2/2e/TLSE_ApiColi.png" type="image/png" style="width:10%;"/>
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| − | <body id="top">
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| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
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| − | <script>
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| − | var myurl = "https://2015.igem.org/Team:Toulouse/project/strat";
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| − | </html>{{Toulouse/nav}}<html>
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| − | <!-- ################################################################################################
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| − | <div class="wrapper row2 bgded" style="background-image:url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/03/TLSE_bakcground.png');">
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| − | <div id="pageintro">
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| − | <div class="title">
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| − | <h2>Context</h2>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div id="breadcrumb" class="clear">
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| − | <ul>
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| − | <li><a href="#domBee">1- Domestic bees</a></li>
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| − | <li><a href="#CCD">2- Collapse of Bees</a></li>
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| − | <li><a href="#varroa"><i>3- Varroa destructor</i></a></li>
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| − | <li><a href="#outB">4- Outbreak of Varroa</a></li>
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| − | <li><a href="#fight">5- Means to fight Varroa</a></li>
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| − | <div class="wrapper row0 bgded" style="background-image:url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/03/TLSE_bakcground.png')">
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| − | <div class="shout-content clear">
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| − | <div class="title">
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| − | <center> <h3>Strategy</h3> </center>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <center><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b9/TLSE_strategy_BG.png"></center>
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| − | <main class="container clear">
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| − | <div class="title">
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| − | <h3>Content</h3>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <center>
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| − | <div id="breadcrumb" class="clear" style="float: center;" >
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| − | <ul>
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| − | <li><a href="#part1">- Introducing <i>ApiColi</i></a></li>
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| − | <li><a href="#part2">- It’s a TrapiColi!</a></li>
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| − | <li><a href="#part3">- <i>Apicoli</i> circadian rythm</a></li>
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| − | </ul>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <hr style="width:66%;height:1px;border:none;color:rgba(29, 5, 79, 1);background-color:rgba(29, 5, 79, 1);">
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| − | </center>
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| − | <!-- ################################################################################################ -->
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| − | <!-- FIRST PARAGRAPH -->
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| − | <center><div class="subtitle" >
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| − | <h3>An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure
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| − | </h3>
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| − | </div></center>
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| − |
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| − | <div class="group center">
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| − | <div class="tow_third first">
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| − | <p align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
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| − |
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| − |
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| − | Given the
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| − | influence of the varroa mite in bee population decline,
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| − | we aimed our project to fit into the fight against varroa.
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| − | <b>Current chemical treatments</b> used to fight varroa are not
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| − | satisfying since they are <b>harmful for bees</b> and human health,
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| − | and beekeepers relate a <b>lack of effectiveness</b>.
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| − | </p><div id="part1"><!-- ANCHOR 1--></div>
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| − | <p align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
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| − | Our project, <i>ApiColi</i>, is an <b>alternative solution</b> in the
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| − | fight against varroa in order to <b>establish balance</b>
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| − | between <i>Apis mellifera</i> and <i>Varroa destructor</i>
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| − | and thus contribute to the preservation of ecosystems.
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| − | </p>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div class="one_third">
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| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/1b/TLSE_WIP.png" style="width:70%;"/>
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| − | </div>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div class="subtitle">
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| − | <h3>Introducing <i>ApiColi</i>
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| − | </h3>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div class="group center">
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| − | <p align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
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| − | Our strategy is based on the <b>alternate production</b> of two molecules according to a <b>circadian cycle</b>, and thanks to a genetically modified <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain. <br>
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| − |
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| − | <b>During the day</b>, while bees are entering or exiting the beehive, <b>butyrate</b> is biosynthesized by our strain, <i>ApiColi</i>, in order to <b>attract the varroa</b> which is fixed on bees. <br>
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| − |
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| − | <b>By night</b>, <i>ApiColi</i> produces <b>formate</b>, a well-known molecule <b>lethal to the varroa</b> attracted during the day.<br>
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| − | Formic acid is currently used to fight varroa but at <b>very high doses</b> that also have an <b>impact on bees</b>.
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| − |
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| − | </p>
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| − | </div>
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| − |
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| − |
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| − | <div class="group center">
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| − | <br>
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| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/38/TLSE_strategy_fig1.png" style="width:66%;height:580px;" />
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div id="part2"><!-- ANCHOR 2--></div>
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| − | <div class="group center">
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| − | <br>
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| − | <p> Figure 1: Circadian rhythm switch strategy</p>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div class="subtitle">
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| − | <h3>It’s a TrapiColi!
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| − | </h3>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div class="group center">
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| − | <p align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
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| − | In our project, the engineered bacteria <i>ApiColi</i> will be placed at the bottom of a trap, called <b>TrApiColi</b>,
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| − | positioned at the entrance of the hive. Varroas will be <b>attracted</b> and killed there, leaving the <b>bee colony
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| − | less exposed </b>to both chemicals, and particularly formic acid.
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| − | </p>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div id="part3"><!-- ANCHOR 3--></div>
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| − | <div class="group center">
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| − | <p align="justify" style="font-size:15px;">
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| − | Furthermore, at the moment, beehives are only treated with formic acid during <b>spring</b> and <b>fall</b>, when no
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| − | honey is being made. This is due to the fact that formic acid weakens bees but also that when varroa have entered the
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| − | brood, they are <b>not affected by it</b>. <br>
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| − | The attraction power of <i>ApiColi</i> will enable us to prevent most varroas from entering the beehive and reaching the brood.
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| − | This way, our treatment would be <b>useable</b> even <b>during the summer</b>.
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| − | </p>
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| − | </div>
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| − |
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| − | <div class="subtitle">
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| − | <h3><i>Apicoli</i> circadian rythm
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| − | </h3>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div class="group center">
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| − | <p align="center" style="font-size:15px;">
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| − | The synthetic regulation system used in <i>ApiColi</i> is based on a <b>chimeric red light receptor</b> that makes our bacterium <b>sensible to daylight</b>. <br>
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| − | </p>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div class="group center">
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| − | <div class="one_half first">
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| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/5/57/TLSE_Attract_BG.png" style="width:40%;" />
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div class="one_half">
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| − | <br>
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| − | <br>
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| − | <br>
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| − | <br>
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| − | <br>
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| − | <h3 class="nospace"><a target="_blank" href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Toulouse/project/attract">During the day</a></h3>
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| − | <p align="center" style="font-size:15px;">Formate expression is repressed and <b>butyrate synthesis</b> inhibition is stopped.
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| − | <br>Thus <i>Apicoli</i> produces only <b>butyrate</b>.
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| − | </p>
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| − | </div>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div class="group center">
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| − | <div class="one_half first">
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| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/0b/TLSE_Eradicate_BG.png" style="width:60%;" />
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div class="one_half">
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| − | <br>
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| − | <br>
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| − | <br>
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| − | <br>
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| − | <br>
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| − | <h3 class="nospace"><a target="_blank" href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Toulouse/project/eradicate">During the night</a></h3>
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| − | <p align="center" style="font-size:15px;">The system reverses, and <b>formate</b> is synthesized while butyrate synthesis is inhibited.
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| − | </p>
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| − | </div>
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| − | </div>
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| − | </main>
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| − | <!-- ########################### SPONSORS ###################################################################### -->
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| − | <div class="wrapper row4">
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| − | <div class="container clear" style="padding-top:30px;">
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| − | <center><p class="maintitle">
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| − | References
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| − | </p></center>
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| − | <br>
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| − | <div class="clear">
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| − | <ul>
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| − | <li>
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| − | [1] Yves Le Conte, Marion Ellis, Wolfgang RITTER. Varroa mites and honey bee health: can Varroa explain part of the colony losses? Apidologie, Springer Verlag (Germany), 2010, 41 (3), <10.1051/apido/2010017>.</li>
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| − |
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| − | <li>
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| − | [2] Sammataro, D., Gerson, U., Needham, G., 2000. Parasitic mites of honey bees life history implications and impact. Annual Review of Entomology 45, 519-548
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| − | </li>
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| − | <li>
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| − | [3] Peng, Y-S., Fang, Y., Xu, S., Ge, L., 1987. The resistance mechanism of the Asian honey bee, Apis cerana Fabr., to an ectoparasitic mite, Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans. Journal of invertebrate pathology 49, 54-60.
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| − | </li>
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| − |
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| − | <li>
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| − | [4] S, L, P Wendling. 2012. Varroa destructor (ANDERSON ET TRUEMAN, 2000), UN ACARIEN ECTOPARASITE DE L’ABEILLE DOMESTIQUE Apis mellifera LINNAEUS, 1758. REVUE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE ET CONTRIBUTION À L’ÉTUDE DE SA REPRODUCTION.</li>
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| − | </ul>
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| − | </html>{{Toulouse/footer}}<html>
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