Difference between revisions of "Template:TeamTokyoNokogen"

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    <title>折りたたみ</title>
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<dt><b>Metabolic pathway in the termite</b></dt>
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Most of the insects store their energy source in the form of the disaccharide trehalose in their blood.<br>
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They utilize trehalose in their cell membrane by reconverting it into glucose by the enzyme, trehalase (α-glucoside-1-glucohydrolase), which hydrolyze trehalose. [1]<br>
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Additionally, termites has another metabolic pathway. Termites feed on woods, papers and whatever containing cellulose. They can digest cellulose into glucose in their gut using the characteristic enzyme, cellulase.<br>
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ExTermite Coli targets both of the pathway in the termite to cut their energy resource and exterminate termites.<br>
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</dl>
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<A HREF="JavaScript:hiraku('tuzuki1');">< Details：Higher termite and Lower termite ></A><BR>
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<dt><b>Higher termite and Lower termite</b></dt>
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  Glucose, end products of cellulose digestion, is used as the energy sources by termites. However, the method of digestion varies depending on the species of termites. <br>
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　Termites can be classified as higher termites and lower termites. In higher termites, cellulose digestion appears to be mediated solely by cellulase secreted by the termites. On the other hand, lower termites digest cellulose by cellulase secreted both by termites and by the protozoa. [2]<br>
 +
  As for our keeping termites, Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes speratus are categorized as lower termites. ExTermite Coli targets the inhibition of the cellulose activity no matter where the enzyme secreted. In other words, ExTermite Coli can affect both of the higher termites and the lower termites.<br>
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<A href="JavaScript:tatamu('tuzuki1');">たたむ</A>
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<dl>
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<dt><b>Inhibition of two enzymes activity by one enzyme</b></dt>
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From the above reasons, we have to inhibit the activity of trehalase and cellulose. To achieve the purpose, we planed to use the enzyme, glucoside-3-dehydrogenase ( G3DH ). G3DH  is an enzyme which oxidize third hydroxyl group of pyranose. Since this enzyme has wide substrate specificity, it can catalyze the oxidization of many monosaccharides (like glucose and methyl-α-D-glucoside) and disaccharides (like trehalose and cellobiose).<br>
 +
We focused on G3DH as the enzyme which can produce two materials to inhibit the metabolic pathway of the termite. One is inhibitor of trehalase from trehalose from the specific characteristic of G3DH. The other is inhibitor of cellulase from cellobiose which is one possibility that G3DH can produce.
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　　According to our hypothesis, we did our experiments using G3DH. <br>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<A HREF="JavaScript:hiraku('tuzuki2');">< Details：Our hypothesis about products of G3DH></A><BR>
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<dt><b>Our hypothesis about products of G3DH</b></dt>
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<dd>
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  3,3’-diketotorehalose (3,3’dkT) is a trehalose derivative based on enzymatic oxidation of trehalose by G3DH. Both third hydroxyl group of glucopyranosides of 3,3’-dkT were oxidized. 3,3’dkT was revealed to show an inhibitory effect toward pig kidney and Bombyx mori trehalase. [6] Therefore, 3,3’dkT probably show an inhibit effect of 3,3’dkT toward termite trehalase. Moreover, Cellobiose derivative based on enzymatic oxidation by G3DH maybe show inhibit effect toward cellulase.
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  First of all, we purified G3DH from cultivated host strain.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<A href="JavaScript:tatamu('tuzuki2');">たたむ</A>
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</DIV>
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Revision as of 13:10, 11 September 2015

    折りたたみ

Metabolic pathway in the termite
Most of the insects store their energy source in the form of the disaccharide trehalose in their blood.
They utilize trehalose in their cell membrane by reconverting it into glucose by the enzyme, trehalase (α-glucoside-1-glucohydrolase), which hydrolyze trehalose. [1]
Additionally, termites has another metabolic pathway. Termites feed on woods, papers and whatever containing cellulose. They can digest cellulose into glucose in their gut using the characteristic enzyme, cellulase.
ExTermite Coli targets both of the pathway in the termite to cut their energy resource and exterminate termites.
< Details：Higher termite and Lower termite >
Higher termite and Lower termite
Glucose, end products of cellulose digestion, is used as the energy sources by termites. However, the method of digestion varies depending on the species of termites.
　Termites can be classified as higher termites and lower termites. In higher termites, cellulose digestion appears to be mediated solely by cellulase secreted by the termites. On the other hand, lower termites digest cellulose by cellulase secreted both by termites and by the protozoa. [2]
As for our keeping termites, Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes speratus are categorized as lower termites. ExTermite Coli targets the inhibition of the cellulose activity no matter where the enzyme secreted. In other words, ExTermite Coli can affect both of the higher termites and the lower termites.
たたむ
Inhibition of two enzymes activity by one enzyme
From the above reasons, we have to inhibit the activity of trehalase and cellulose. To achieve the purpose, we planed to use the enzyme, glucoside-3-dehydrogenase ( G3DH ). G3DH is an enzyme which oxidize third hydroxyl group of pyranose. Since this enzyme has wide substrate specificity, it can catalyze the oxidization of many monosaccharides (like glucose and methyl-α-D-glucoside) and disaccharides (like trehalose and cellobiose).
We focused on G3DH as the enzyme which can produce two materials to inhibit the metabolic pathway of the termite. One is inhibitor of trehalase from trehalose from the specific characteristic of G3DH. The other is inhibitor of cellulase from cellobiose which is one possibility that G3DH can produce. 　　According to our hypothesis, we did our experiments using G3DH.
< Details：Our hypothesis about products of G3DH>
Our hypothesis about products of G3DH
3,3’-diketotorehalose (3,3’dkT) is a trehalose derivative based on enzymatic oxidation of trehalose by G3DH. Both third hydroxyl group of glucopyranosides of 3,3’-dkT were oxidized. 3,3’dkT was revealed to show an inhibitory effect toward pig kidney and Bombyx mori trehalase. [6] Therefore, 3,3’dkT probably show an inhibit effect of 3,3’dkT toward termite trehalase. Moreover, Cellobiose derivative based on enzymatic oxidation by G3DH maybe show inhibit effect toward cellulase. First of all, we purified G3DH from cultivated host strain.
たたむ

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