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        <h1 class="header center teal-text text-lighten-2">Micro Holmes</h1>
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          <h5 class="header col s12 "> <span class="light-blue-text text-lighten-4"> A Novel Device for Monitoring Heavy Metal Ions</span></h5>
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            <h2 class="center">Abstract</h2>

            <p class="light">With the global industrialization, heavy metal ions have become significant factors of water pollution, which may cause serious damage to human health. However, the devices to measure the concentration of heavy metals are complex and expensive. Therefore, the aim of our project was to create a cheaper and portable device. In our project, we have applied several transcription factors which are sensitive to the concentration of copper ions and chromium ions to regulate the expression of protein ribB. The existence of ribB will enhance the production of riboflavin. Riboflavin, as the electron carrier, improves the electricity producing performance of the Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs). So in this way, we successfully correlated the concentration of heavy metal ions together with the output voltage of the MFC. This process is used within a convenient new device we created, Micro Holmes (a combination of MFC and electronic components), to monitor heavy metal ions in water sample any place any time.</p>
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                  <span class="card-title activator grey-text text-darken-4">Human Practice<i class="material-icons right">more_vert</i></span>
                  <p><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:LZU-China/Practices"><span class="light-green-text text-darken-4"><strong>For more details</strong></span> </a></p>
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                  <p>We've done an investigation about water pollution in the past few months. Through street interviews and online questionnaires,369 valid replies were collected from 9 countries. Here's the conclusion: Although different countries have varying degrees of water pollution, people are uniformly worried about this. Accordingly, there is support, and even demand for a method that is both cheap and convenient to tell them whether their water is safe to drink. And that's the reason for this project.</p>
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                  <p>We had constructed 14 different parts. All of them, including several ion sensors, have ribB CDS. Our experiments confirmed that the expression degree of ribB can influence the riboflavin production. Then we took them into MFC and the voltage showed that our genetically engineered E.coli responded to the change of Cu<sup>2+</sup> concentration. Thus we linked the concentration of metal ion to the electricity production.</p>
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                  <p>Based on the wet lab results, we constructed the Micro Holmes concentration measurement system' which contained a Microbial Fuel Cell, a Microprogrammed Control Unit, a voltage magnification circuit board, an Analogue-to-Digital Conversion chip, a set of input and output devices and one or several kinds of bacteria.</p>
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      <div class="collapsible-header"><i class="material-icons">filter_drama</i> 1.The new application of ribB</div>
      <div class="collapsible-body"><p>ribB protein is able to increase and stabilize electrical current generated by microbial fuel cells. Expression level of ribB is correlated with MFC voltage.</p></div>
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      <div class="collapsible-header"><i class="material-icons">place</i>2.Heavy metals sensors</div>
      <div class="collapsible-body"><p>Copper, Mercury, zinc, chromium sensors were used to regulate ribB gene's expression in bio-engineered strains and concentrations of heavy metals are correlated with ribB protein production. </p></div>
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      <div class="collapsible-header"><i class="material-icons">whatshot</i>3.MFC voltage correlated with heavy metal ions</div>
      <div class="collapsible-body"><p>When grown our bio-engineered strains in the anode of MFC, voltage is correlated with heavy metal ion concentration.</p></div>
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      <div class="collapsible-header"><i class="material-icons">whatshot</i>4.A novel device for heavy metal ion detection/measurement </div>
      <div class="collapsible-body"><p>A novel device for heavy metal ion detection/measurement has been developed based on our findings. Comparing to current heavy metal measurement instruments, our device is simpler, cheaper and easier to use.</p></div>
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      <div class="collapsible-header"><i class="material-icons">whatshot</i>5.An innovative Human Practices activity</div>
      <div class="collapsible-body"><p>Through street interview and online questionnaires, 369 valid replies were collected from 30 provinces in China, and 9 different foreign countries. What's more the innovative public education activity garnered a huge response.</p></div>
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<h3>&nbsp;</h3>


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                          <div class="collapsible-body"><p>The team <a href="https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2015&team_name=LZU-China">LZU-China</a> has been registered successfully. </p></div>
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                          <div class="collapsible-body"><p>Our Poster will be exhibited in the Hynes Convention Center during the Giant Jamboree. And the presentation will be given in Room 312 Sep. 26, 2:00 pm</p></div>
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