Difference between revisions of "Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour21"
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
<h3> Antibodies – a part of the immune system </h3> | <h3> Antibodies – a part of the immune system </h3> | ||
Antibodies are produced by B-lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system. They are highly specific proteins that remain surface-bound on the B-lymphocyte until it recognizes a foreign molecule like bacterial or viral proteins, generally termed an antigen. An antibody will recognize through binding a specific region of the antigen, called an epitope (1). Once the surface-bound antibody encounters an antigen to which it can bind, the B-lymphocyte will become activated. The activated B-lymphocyte will start to grow and proliferate, producing clones of itself. It can further differentiate into three types of cells, including the plasma cell, from which the antibodies will be secreted (2). The antibody will be changed from a surface-bound receptor molecule to a soluble and secreted molecule by an alternative splicing mechanism of the pre-mRNA transcript of the antibody | Antibodies are produced by B-lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system. They are highly specific proteins that remain surface-bound on the B-lymphocyte until it recognizes a foreign molecule like bacterial or viral proteins, generally termed an antigen. An antibody will recognize through binding a specific region of the antigen, called an epitope (1). Once the surface-bound antibody encounters an antigen to which it can bind, the B-lymphocyte will become activated. The activated B-lymphocyte will start to grow and proliferate, producing clones of itself. It can further differentiate into three types of cells, including the plasma cell, from which the antibodies will be secreted (2). The antibody will be changed from a surface-bound receptor molecule to a soluble and secreted molecule by an alternative splicing mechanism of the pre-mRNA transcript of the antibody | ||
| + | |||
<span class="sourceReference">gene</span> | <span class="sourceReference">gene</span> | ||
<span class="tooltip" style="visibility: visible; position: absolute; top: 100px; left:100px; display: none; opacity: 0;"> | <span class="tooltip" style="visibility: visible; position: absolute; top: 100px; left:100px; display: none; opacity: 0;"> | ||
| Line 14: | Line 15: | ||
</span>. | </span>. | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
The activated Every B-lymphocyte produces just one type of antibody that has affinity for a single epitope on an antigen. | The activated Every B-lymphocyte produces just one type of antibody that has affinity for a single epitope on an antigen. | ||
The antibody structure consists of a constant part and a hypervariable part. The hypervariable part is the one responsible for specificity of an epitope of an antigen. The hypervariable part is generated by rearrangement of gene segments during development of B-lymphocytes and by RNA splicing (1). Furthermore protein processing contributes to diversity and affinity of the produced antibodies. Even a somatic mutation can greatly increase affinity for the antigen, a process called affinity maturation (1). | The antibody structure consists of a constant part and a hypervariable part. The hypervariable part is the one responsible for specificity of an epitope of an antigen. The hypervariable part is generated by rearrangement of gene segments during development of B-lymphocytes and by RNA splicing (1). Furthermore protein processing contributes to diversity and affinity of the produced antibodies. Even a somatic mutation can greatly increase affinity for the antigen, a process called affinity maturation (1). | ||
Revision as of 11:07, 26 August 2015
Antibody production
Introduction
Nowadays industrial production methods of antibodies involves the use of laboratory animals by exploding their immune systems ability to generate antibodies. Antibodies have a diverse set of applications and the ability to produce antibodies to fit a specific need is essential. Of the current techniques, the hybridoma technology is the most widely used method for producing monoclonal antibodies (mAb).
