Introduction

Phosphorus is vital to plant growth and is found in every living plant cell. It is a component of the nucleic acid structure of plants, which regulates protein synthesis. Therefore, it is important in cell division and development of new tissue. Plants deficient in phosphorus are stunted in growth and often have an abnormal dark-green color.

Phosphate sensor Design

phoAp and phoBRp is cross-regulated by phoB and phoR, and is usually repressed under high phosphate concentrations. PhoR behaves as an activator as well as an inactivator for PhoB. When phosphate is limited, PhoR will phosphorylate PhoB and the phosphorylated PhoB will directly activate phoAp and phoBRp. In contrast, when there is phosphate, PhoR will repress PhoB phosphorylation which in turn inactivates the phoAp and phoBRp.

For the constructs design, we have ligated GFP generator to phoAp and phoBRp, respecticely. As a result, under high phosphate concentrations, the green fluorescence intensity will be repressed; while under low phosphate concentrations, green fluorescence will be expressed.

Experiment performed

We have done a characterization on phoAp and phoBRp using M9 minimal medium (without phosphate). Quantitative characterization on the promoters were done by measuring the fluorescence signal intensity using an EnVision multilabel reader.

The results were obtained by combining 3 characterization trials.

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Result obtained

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, pro aeque temporibus eu, eum qualisque assueverit te. Ad est admodum epicuri suscipit, te alterum aliquando adversarium usu, pro ex omnesque luptatum comprehensam. In vix alia percipit gloriatur, no ferri lorem aliquando cum. Fugit concludaturque sed ne, ea sumo dico adolescens eos, quo eu pertinax expetendis. An his omnes instructior, vide possim eam id. Te cum enim sale offendit, vocent copiosae luptatum ut per.

Eam in alienum accusamus, et probo reque vix. Vivendum necessitatibus qui ad, no vis enim veniam perpetua. Eu pri habemus senserit, dicit tation expetenda usu et. Sea eu dolor deserunt dissentias, sed an oportere moderatius assueverit. Usu te tation gloriatur, vidit tollit utinam mea id.

Methods

Preparing test medium with different concentrations of phosphate

M9 minimal medium (J. Sambrook & D.W. Russell, 2001) and M9 minimal medium with Tris replacing phosphate were prepared. Test medium with different concentrations of phosphate (0, 10, 30, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 µM) were made by mixing the 2 solutions in the following ratio:
60 μl of antibiotics was added in each test medium solution.

phoAp and phoBRp characterization

To characterize phoAp and phoBRp, positive and negative controls were first grown overnight in Luria Broth (LB) medium containing Chloramphenicol at 37^oC. The bacteria were then washed twice with 3 ml M9 minimal medium without phosphate (replaced by Tris), containing Ampicillin. Then, the cells were resuspended in 5 ml M9 minimal medium without phosphate (replaced by Tris) to obtain a final OD₆₀₀ of 4. The cell suspension were then added to the test medium with different concentrations of phosphate (containing Chloramphenicol) in a 96-well deep well plate and further incubated at 37^oC until the OD₆₀₀ of the cells reached the mid-log phase. The fluorescence output was then measured using EnVision multilabel reader.