Difference between revisions of "Team:SPSingapore/home"

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Home

Kenneth Lim Kun Ming

Research Interest: Bioinformatics, Genetic analysis Random fact: Is apparently Schrˆdinger's Biologist

Clarice Hong Kit Yee

Research Interest: genetics, RNA, cancer Past research projects: (can't rmb, tell you later)

Current project: Differential roles of SALL4A and SALL4B in HCC

Wong Chi Yan

Research Interest: Microbiology, molecular biology, proteomics

Past research project: Genetic studies on Salmonella biofilms

Current project: Role of fumarase and cysteine dehydrogenase in DNA damage response

Random fact: Likes statistics and playing volleyball :)

Yeo Xin Yi

Research Interests: Neurobiology, Neurosciences

Past research projects: Role of STAT in neuroinflammation and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease

Current research projects: Synaptic plasticity threshold in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, Role of WNK1 in neuronal survival and development

Random fact: Blah ~

Tan Yi Han

Research Interests: Pathogens, Immunology, Synthetic biology

Past research projects: Genetic studies on plant pathogenic fungi, Drug screening for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Current project: Characterisation of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from liver abscess

Random fact: Knits and bakes in spare time. =)

Hee Yanting

Research Interests: RNA, genomics, epigenetics

Past research projects: microRNA as a potential therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer, Characterising LPA1 antagonists using calcium imaging

Current project: The role and targeting of EZH2 in lymphoma

Random fact: Plays the erhu and self-learning cello and classical guitar

Adrian Tan Hong Ji

Research Interest: Genetic Engineering, Cancer, Immunology

Random fact: 500 Hours in Terraria

Soong Yun Ting

Research Interests: Proteomics, Past research projects: Genetic studies on Salmonella biofilms

Current project: Identification of protein players in metastasis

Random fact: Plays the harmonica

Nguyen Duy

Research Interest: Pharmacoinfomatics, Bioinformatics, Neurosciences

Past research project: Genetic linkage analysis of asthma

Current project: Neurodegeneration of Drosophila Melanogaster.

Random fact: 0 hour in Terraria

Leslie

Leslie Gapter

Dr. Leslie is trained as a molecular biologist and her dissertation focused on breast development and tumorigenesis. Leslie joined NUS in 2005 and her past research has focused on analyzing botanical products for breast and prostate cancer treatment.

In 2008, Leslie became a full time scientific writer at the Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, before moving into her current position as a Lecturer in 2010. Leslie teaches 'The Cell' module, which examines the universal mechanics and functions of cells from an integrated science perspective, for the Special Program in Science.

Linda

Linda J Kenney

Dr Kenney is a Professor of Microbiology at the University of Illinois-Chicago. Her laboratory studies two-component systems in bacteria that control gene expression at a single cell and nanometer level.

Stuti

Stuti Desai

She joined the Kenney group in May, 2012 with a strong urge to amalgamate her doctoral training in studying silent genetic systems in enterics to decipher the behavior of bacteria under various environmental challenges. She obtained her doctorate from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, under the guidance of Prof Subramony Mahadevan. She studied Biochemistry for my Master's degree and Chemistry, Physics and Zoology for her Bachelor's degree at the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Baroda, India.

Introduction

For description

Esa Quorum sensing

Invasin + lysteriolysin

FNR hypoxic promoter

Design

For design

Restriction Digest with NEB enzymes
PCR Purification
Transfection-Expression
Cloning
Cell Number and Viability Determination
Freezing down cells
Making Bacterial Media
Miniprep of plasmid DNA
Subculturing for adherent cell lines
Ligation Protocol with T4 DNA ligase
Antibiotic Preparation
Agarose Electrophoresis
Microscopy

Link to protocol

Restriction Digest with NEB enzymes

Protocol assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Adjust Water bath to 37 degrees.	Electric shock, heat shock	Possibility of electric shock	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)	1	1	1
2	Add aliquots of DNA to water and Cut Smart buffer in a 1.5mL centrifuge tube.	Biological exposure	Spillage of buffer and DNA	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)	1	1	1
3	Lightly centrifuge the centrifuge tube in a microcentrifuge. Add an appropriate volume of NEB restriction enzymes and centrifuge again.	Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	Internal training is compulsory.wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand. When using the centrifuge, ensure centrifuge is balanced and rotor is placed correctly, and that all tubes are capped tightly. Close centrifuge properly and ensure that there are no funny sounds when centrifuge is running.	1	1	1
4	Place 1.5mL tube into waterbath and digest for 2 hours at 37 degrees. When Restriction digest is done, take thetube out and stop reaction by adding Purple loading dye and cooling on ice.	Electric shock, heat shock	Spillage of buffer and DNA	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)	1	1	1

Link to protocol

PCR Purification

Protocol assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Adjust Water bath to 55 degrees to preheat.	Electric shock, heat shock	Possibility of electric shock	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day.	1	1	1
2	Excise gel slices with DNA of the correct band into a 1.5mL centrufuge tube, add an appropriate volume of DNA binding buffer and melt the gel slice by incubation in the water bath at 55 degrees. Add a equal volume of DNA binding buffer to a completed pcr reation.	Biological exposure	Spillage of buffer and DNA	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day.	1	1	1
3	Add the melted agarose in DNA binding buffer or pcr reaction and DNA binding buffer to DNA bidning columns resting in 1.5mL tubes. Centrifuge the tube in a microcentrifuge and allow the DNA mixtiure to flow through.	Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.	1	1	1
4	Add wash buffer to wash through the colomns and precipitate DNA. Centrifuge for 1 min, then pour out the remaining wash buffer in the tube. Centrifuge for a further 5 minutes to dry the coloumn.	Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.	1	1	1
5	Add 30-50ul of nuclease free water to the column, and incubate the columns in the 55 degrees water bath for 5 minutes. Spin down the DNA and quantify concentration using the Thermo Scientific nanodrop.	Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.	1	1	1

Link to protocol

TransfectionExpression

Protocol assessment

Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
Internal training is compulsory. Handle materials from -80 C using insulated / thermal gloves (or double layer latex gloves); wear proper PPE (safety goggles, lab coat, covered shoes); transfer samples in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	2	1	1
wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)/	1	1	1
Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work in a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet. Wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90. Have training on how to manage biological spill with appropriate spill kit reagetns (10% bleach or 70% Ethanol)	1	2	2

Link to protocol

Cloning

Protocol assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Transferring bacteria from glycerol stock stored @ -80 C to plastic culture tubes	Skin contact with extremely cold materials; biological exposure	Cold burn injury; handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested	Internal training is compulsory. Handle materials from -80 C using insulated / thermal gloves (or double layer latex gloves); wear proper PPE (safety goggles, lab coat, covered shoes); transfer samples in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	2	1	1
2	Transferring culture samples to glassware	Breakage of glassware; biological exposure	Injury from broken glassware; handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested	Internal training is compulsory. Handle glassware over the lab bench (or in the biosafety cabinet); wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); transfer samples in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	1	2	1
3	Routine maintenance of bacteria culture	Biological exposure, breakage of glassware	Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested	Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work in a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet. Wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90.	1	2	2
4	Single day experiements using bacteria culture (students)	Biological exposure; breakage of glassware	Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested	Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work at the lab bench over absorbant materials; wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90.	1	2	2
5							0

Link to protocol

Cell Number and Viability Determination

Protocol assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Remove and discard old media. Avoid disturbing the adhered cells.	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,	Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury	All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	1	1	2
2	Wash flask/dish with 10 ml of DMEM (-), then remove. Avoid washing off cells.	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,	Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury	All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	1	1	2
3	Trypsinize the cells by adding 2 ml of DMEM (-) and 1ml of trypsin. Swirl the flask/dish, then incubate for 4 – 7 minutes.	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,	Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury	All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	1	1	2
4	Add 10 ml of DMEM (+) to stop the action of trypsin, then wash the flask/dish to wash off more cells. Transfer the cells into a 15 ml Falcon tube.	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,	Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury	All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	1	1	2
5	Spin down cells by centrifuging at room temperature (25oC), 800 rpm for 5 minutes. After centrifuging, pour out the media without disturbing the cell pellet. Resuspend cell pellet with 1 ml DMEM (+) by pipetting up and down at least 10 – 15 times. Split cells into new culture dish/flask at the desired and recommended density (usually ~30-40% for cell maintenance).	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens, injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	Internal training is compulsory for centrifuge use and the centrifuge key. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand. When using the centrifuge, ensure centrifuge is balanced and rotor is placed correctly, and that all tubes are capped tightly. Close centrifuge properly and ensure that there are no funny sounds when centrifuge is running. Decontaminate waste using Presept tablets (dilute to 10% solution of activaed bleach to kill cells) and let the bleach decontaminate for half an hour before discarding with plenty of water and dilution.	1	1	2

Link to protocol

Freezing down cells

Protocol assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Heat agarose powder in TAE buffer until dissolved. Cool agarose to 50 degrees and add ethinum bromide (EB).	Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes	Spillage of heated agarose	A work bench is specially allocated for DNA gel electrophoresis. Sybr Safe is used as it is not as toxic as Etbr. Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, mask). Heat agarose slowly to avoid boiling and spillage out of the flask. Sybr safe solution is added to the flask in a fume hood after the agarose has cooled to reduce the chance of producing vapors.	2	1	2
2	Pour the agarose into the casting tray and allow the gel to solidify over 30 minutes.	Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes	Spillage of heated agarose	Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, mask). Casting tray is contained in appropriate trays to contain any accidental spillage. Handle hot flask of agarose with a heatprooof glove.	2	1	2
3	Remove gel tray and fillthe electrophoresis apparatus with TAE buffer. Load the DNA sample and resolve through the gel	Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes; electrical hazard	Electric shock may occur if connecting and disconnecting the apparatus without powering off the machine. Accidental physical contact with Sybr Safe containing agarose gel	Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat). All procedures are performed with electrophoresis equipment contained within appropriate trays to contain any accidental spillage. Connect and disconnect the apparatus only when it is powered off. Do not touch the apparatus while the gel is running.	2	1	2
5	Visualize the gel under UV light. Discard gel for incineration at medical waste disposal plant.	Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes; biological hazard- UV light is mutagenic	Electric shock may occur if connecting and disconnecting the apparatus without powering off the machine. Accidental physical contact with Sybr Safe containing agarose gel	Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, UV resistant goggles).	2	1	2

Link to protocol

Making Bacterial Media

Protocol assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Weigh out Lennox Broth/Miller Broth solid: 15g/L, add 10g/L agar for (1%) agar. (From scratch, weigh 1% peptone, 0.5% yeast extract, and 1% NaCl. ( NaCl 10 g/L, Peptone 10 g/L, Yeast extract 5 g/L) LB broth suggested to be pH 7-7.2 (adjust with 1N NaOH). ). Add Bacterial agarose for 10g/L agar (1%).	Spillage of media	Accidental inhalation or ingestion of media powder.	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).	1	1	1
2	Add Milliq water to media bottles. Cap tightly and shake throughly, making sure that the solid is all well distributed in solution. Loosen caps by a full turn and place a piece of dog-eared autoclave tape on the bottle. Never autoclave flammable liquids or tightly capped bottles.	Spillage of media	Accidental inhalation or ingestion of media powder.	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).	1	1	1
3	Turn on the autoclave. Ensure that enough water is in the bottle, and in the bottom of autoclave, drain bottle empty, drain valve closed. Top up with Milliq water as required.Turn the autoclave machine to agar sterilisation mode, place balanced autoclave baskets of media bottles in the autoclave. Do not close the autoclave machine by hand. Use machine controls to close machine and start heating cycle.	Electric shock, heat burns, explosion	Heat or electrical burns from autoclave.	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).	1	1	1
3	After the autoclave cycle is over and has cooled down, press the open button on the machine and let machine open and cool for 15 minutes. Using heatproof gloves, lift the autoclave basket onto trolley and push trolley into main lab area. Allow the agar to cool overnight before capping tightly and sealing with parafilm.	Electric shock, heat burns from steam	Heat burns from hot steam	wear proper PPE (goggles, gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Stand back when autoclave opens and allow steam to escape and machine to cool for 15min before removing baskets. Use heatproof gloves to handle autoclave baskets.	1	1	1

Link to protocol

Miniprep of Plasmid DNA

Protocol assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Inoculate bateria in 3mL of LB+antibiotic to grow for 16 hours at 37 degrees in a shaking incubator.	Biological exposure, breakage of glassware	Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested	Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work in a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet. Wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90.	1	1	1
2	Pellet Bacteria in 1.5mL tubes in a microcentrifuge at maximum speed for 5 minutes. Pour away the LB media into a waste containter containing 10% bleach.	Biological exposure	Spillage of bacteria culture.	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day.	1	1	1
3	Resuspend the bacterial cells in Resuspension solution, vortexing lightly to ensure pellet is fully resuspended in solution. Add Lysis buffer and incubate till solution is clear and there is no cloudy bacteria for 2 minutes. Add Neutralisation solution and invert 4-6 times to mix immediately.	Biological exposure	Spillage of bacteria culture, and buffers	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day.	1	1	1
4	Pellet the lysed bacteria by centrifugation for 5 minutes. Run the flow through in DNA binding columns.	Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.	1	1	1
5	Add wash buffer to wash through the colomns and precipitate DNA. Centrifuge for 1 min, then pour out the remaining wash buffer in the tube. Centrifuge for a further 2 minutes to dry the coloumn.	Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.	1	1	1
6	Add 30-50ul of nuclease free water to the column. Spin down the DNA and quantify concentration using the Thermo Scientific nanodrop.	Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.	1	1	1

Link to protocol

Subculturing for adherent cell lines

Protocol assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Remove and discard old media. Avoid disturbing the adhered cells.	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,	Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury	All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	1	1	2
2	Wash flask/dish with 10 ml of DMEM (-), then remove. Avoid washing off cells.	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,	Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury	All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	1	1	2
3	Trypsinize the cells by adding 2 ml of DMEM (-) and 1ml of trypsin. Swirl the flask/dish, then incubate for 4 – 7 minutes.	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,	Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury	All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	1	1	2
4	Add 10 ml of DMEM (+) to stop the action of trypsin, then wash the flask/dish to wash off more cells. Transfer the cells into a 15 ml Falcon tube.	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,	Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury	All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	1	1	2
5	Spin down cells by centrifuging at room temperature (25oC), 800 rpm for 5 minutes. After centrifuging, pour out the media without disturbing the cell pellet. Resuspend cell pellet with 1 ml DMEM (+) by pipetting up and down at least 10 – 15 times. Split cells into new culture dish/flask at the desired and recommended density (usually ~30-40% for cell maintenance).	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens, injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	Internal training is compulsory for centrifuge use and the centrifuge key. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand. When using the centrifuge, ensure centrifuge is balanced and rotor is placed correctly, and that all tubes are capped tightly. Close centrifuge properly and ensure that there are no funny sounds when centrifuge is running. Decontaminate waste using Presept tablets (dilute to 10% solution of activaed bleach to kill cells) and let the bleach decontaminate for half an hour before discarding with plenty of water and dilution.	1	1	2

Link to protocol

Ligation Protocol with T4 DNA ligase

Protocol assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Adjust Thermocycler to 16 degrees hold.	Electric shock	Possibility of electric shock	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)/	1	1	1
2	Add aliquots of cut vector and insert to water and T4 ligase buffer in a 0.2mL pcr tube.	Biological exposure	Spillage of buffer and DNA	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)/	1	1	1
3	Lightly centrifuge the pcr tube in a microcentrifuge. Add an appropriate volume of ligase and centrifuge again.	Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	Internal training is compulsory.wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand. When using the centrifuge, ensure centrifuge is balanced and rotor is placed correctly, and that all tubes are capped tightly. Close centrifuge properly and ensure that there are no funny sounds when centrifuge is running.	1	2	2
4	Place pcr tube into thermocycler and ligate overnight at 16 degrees.	Biological exposure	Spillage of buffer and DNA	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)/	1	2	2

Link to protocol

Antibiotic Preparation

Protocol assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Weigh out antibiotics in a blue falcon tube. Prepare atibotic concentrations to 100ug/mL.	Spillage of antibiotics	Accidental inhalation or ingestion of antibiotics	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).	1	1	1
2	Add Milliq water to blue falcon tube. Vortex and allow to incubate at room temperature till antibiotics are dissolved.	Spillage of antibiotics	Accidental inhalation or ingestion of antibiotics	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).	1	1	1
3	Filter the antibiotics through a 0.2um filter using a sterile syringe in the bacterial BSC. Prepare aliquots of 250ul or less of antibiotics as working stock for concentration saccording to the antibiotic concentrations listed in the recommended amounts and store in antibiotics drawer in the -20 fridge.	Spillage of antibiotics	Accidental inhalation or ingestion of antibiotics	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).	1	1	1

Protocol assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Heat agarose powder in TAE buffer until dissolved. Cool agarose to 50 degrees and add ethinum bromide (EB).	Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes	Spillage of heated agarose	A work bench is specially allocated for DNA gel electrophoresis. Sybr Safe is used as it is not as toxic as Etbr. Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, mask). Heat agarose slowly to avoid boiling and spillage out of the flask. Sybr safe solution is added to the flask in a fume hood after the agarose has cooled to reduce the chance of producing vapors.	2	1	2
2	Pour the agarose into the casting tray and allow the gel to solidify over 30 minutes.	Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes	Spillage of heated agarose	Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, mask). Casting tray is contained in appropriate trays to contain any accidental spillage. Handle hot flask of agarose with a heatprooof glove.	2	1	2
3	Remove gel tray and fillthe electrophoresis apparatus with TAE buffer. Load the DNA sample and resolve through the gel	Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes; electrical hazard	Electric shock may occur if connecting and disconnecting the apparatus without powering off the machine. Accidental physical contact with Sybr Safe containing agarose gel	Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat). All procedures are performed with electrophoresis equipment contained within appropriate trays to contain any accidental spillage. Connect and disconnect the apparatus only when it is powered off. Do not touch the apparatus while the gel is running.	2	1	2
5	Visualize the gel under UV light. Discard gel for incineration at medical waste disposal plant.	Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes; biological hazard- UV light is mutagenic	Electric shock may occur if connecting and disconnecting the apparatus without powering off the machine. Accidental physical contact with Sybr Safe containing agarose gel	Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, UV resistant goggles).	2	1	2

Protocol assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Cleaning the glass slide with detergent.	1) Breakage of the glass slide; 2)naturally sharp edges on the glass slide.	Injury from broken slide or sharp edges	Handle glassware over the lab bench; wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); the usual precautions outlined in the "Use of Laboratory Glassware" SOP must be taken.	1	1	1
2	Transferring sample to the glass slide.	Breakage of glass slide.	Injury from broken slide.	Handle glassware over the lab bench; wear proper PPE; the usual precautions outlined in the "Use of Laboratory Glassware" SOP must be taken.	1	1	1
3	Overlay sample with a glass cover slip.	Dropping the cover slip onto the bench top or floor.	Breaking the glass coverslip when retrieving it & subsequent injury.	Wear proper PPE; use a brush and dustpan to retrieve the glass coverslip (do not attempt to use the coverslip- discard it into the glass waste).	1	2	2
4	Transferring the glass slide to/from the microscope for viewing.	1) finger pinched (or cut) by the stage clip; 2) breakage of glass slide	Injury to fingers (pinch or cut).	1) Use both hands to position the slide, wear proper PPE; 2) handle glassware over the lab bench and use the precautions as outlined in the "Use of Laboratory Glassware" SOP.	1	1	1
5	Looking through the eye piece to observe samples.	1) Accidental knocking of the one's head onto the eye piece; 2) backlight too intense	Injury of the eye.	1) Position hands around the eye pieces to help serve as a guide for lowering your head and eyes; 2) before viewing the sample, reduce the backlight to zero, then look into the eyepieces and raise the light intensity.	2	1	2
6	Leaving the backlight on to view the sample.	Overheating of microscope parts due to the backlight.	Slight burns upon skin contact with the heated light element.	Switch off backlights whenever not in use.	2	1	2
7	(Optional) Viewing fluorescence using the mercury lamp (aka Intensilight)	Physical hazard- Mercury lamps release extremely potent and visible UV radiation.	Injury of the eye and skin.	Avoid looking at the microscope stage and slide directly- always view them through the UV light shield; note the number of hours the mercury lamp has been used (shown on the unit itself)- going beyond its expected lifespan (~2000 hrs) is an increased fire risk (see Nikon Intensilight manual).	2	1	2

Team part

For Team part

Basic part

For basic part

Composite part

For composite part

Part collection

For part collection

notebook

esaGFP quorum sensing [Adrian, Clarice, Kenneth] Invasin + Listeriolysin [YanTing, YunTing] Maintenance FNRgfp [YiHan, ChiYan]

Yi Han

Received 2 bacterial stab cultures, EsaR/I plasmid from addgene (CHL) and BBa_K299812 from iGEM HQ.

Streaked out on plates with amp.

Adrian

Transformed:

+Kit plate 1 9N Ba_K763002 chl

+Kit plate 4 13L BBa_E0040 amp

DNa was received in powder form in plates, and resuspended in 10ul ultrapure H2O respectively. Plates were stored in -20/

Yi Han

Plates cracked in incubator as they dried from lack of humidity.

Transfer to small incubator with beaker of water for humidity no single colonies for inv plasmid -> streak again.

Wrong antibiotic for EsaR/I plasmid-> streak out again

Yi Han

Inoculate single colony of invasin plasmid carrying bacteria in 3mL LB+amp

Transformation of 13L repeated with 1ul of DNA.

Xin Yi

No colonies grew for 13L on all plates ->adjust incubator, make new media

Miniprep of inoculated bacteria for invasin plasmid, incubate sample in 37degC for 1h 20min

RE of invasin plasmid	RE control
Rsal 1ul	Rsal 0 ul
EcoRI 1 ul	EcoRI 0 ul
INv plasmid 7.5ul	Inv plasmid 7.5 ul
H2O 35.5 ul	H2O 37.5 ul
NEB buffer 4.5 ul	Buffer 4.5 ul

29_05_gelRun

Repeat transformation of 13L with 1ul

Xin Yi and Yi Han

Miniprep of EsaR/I plasmid for 4 colonies

Restriction digest for EsaR with XbaI/BamHI

RE reaction
5ul plasmid
5ul buffer
1ul XbaI
1ul BamHI
Add H2O to 50ul

Xin Yi

Sent EsaR clone 4 and INv-4 for sequencing.

Yi Han

YFP and GFP transformation results - no colonies for YFP

The GFP transformation repeated with 100ng of plasmid was sucessful.

4 colonies of gfp plasmid were inoculated in 3mL LB+amp and grown overnight.

Yi Han

Miniprep of gfp plasmids

RE digest with EcoRI and RsaI

Chi Yan
RE digest indicated a very faint smaller band for colonies 2-4, and hence these were likely to be positive clones

Yanting

Inoculated 3mLS of Inv-4 and EsaR-4 plasmid carrying bacteria into 100mL LB+ appropriate Antibiotic

Cell culture-> HEK293 cells revived from freezing down appeared detached.

Yi Han + Yanting

Storage of bacterial glycerol stocks for Inv-4, EsaR4 in 25% glycerol

Yanting: grew HEK293T cells in T25 glask

Gel extract to clean up gfp plasmids which loading dye had accidentally been added to.

Yi Han

Miniprep of gfp plasmids, preparation of samples for sequencing

Yi Han

All gfp plasmids had a correct sequence

Yunting kept glycerol stocok for all, and inoculation of 3mL of gfp3 into 100mL LB+amp for midiprep

Yi Han + Yunting

Midiprep of gfp plasmid PCR of gfp with KpnI-gfp and XhoI-gfp primers

Yunting + Duy

Nanodrop of gfp product-> 595.5ng/ul

RE digest of EsaR vector with KpnI/XHoI

Gel electrophoreseis at 1000V for 30min

Gel extraction: 3.9ng/ul and 6.9ng/ul for Esa fragment and GFP --> low yield

Yunting

Gel extraction using Promega binding solution to melt gel, followed by thermo scientific kit

Adrian

Gel extraction optimisation

Hypothesised that the Binding buffer has a problem/DNA does not bind to column

1: 2X promega binding buffer volume

2: Increase incubation time for binding to 5min

Switch binding buffer to that of thermo scientific PCR purification kit

Use sodium acetate if available? TO facilitate stronger binding to column

Results

1: ~10ng/ul

2: ~9ng/ul

not succesful

further optimisation-> warm buffer, incubate for 5min

elute in 30/20ul smaller volumes

Yihan

1: Thermoscientific miniprep columns with 2XThermoscientific binding buffer

2: Thermoscientific PCR purification kit 2X buffer

3: Promega kit 2X buffer

Yihan

PCR (mastermix: 8)

Reagent	Amount
PCR buffer	10 ul * 8 = 8-ul
primers	0.8ul, 0.8ul
DNA polymerase	4ul
dH2O	61.75 * 8 = 494ul
Templates	5.55*7 = 38.75ul

Digest more plasmid (Esa plasmid)

4 rxns ( KpnI/XhoI digest) 50ul each

Reagent	Amount
Buffer
KpnI	2ul
XhoI	2ul
DNA	34.8ul
H2O	141.2ul

Yihan

PCR

RP_XhoI_GFP and FP_KpnI_GFP with GFP midiprep

For 15 reactions with control .: Mastermix * 17

Reagent	Amount
PCR buffer	170ul
primers	1.7ul, 1.7ul
dNTP	34 ul
DNA polymerase	8.5 ul
dH2O	66.3*17 = 1127.1ul
templates	17ul
total	1360ul

PCR protocol “GFP 1” (32 cycles)

GFP PCR product -> 448ng/ul

Gel extraction

Qiagen gel extraction kit at MBI

Esa gel band from 14/6

Nanodrop: 16.4 ng/ul, 260/280 = 2.60

Plasmid construction

RE digest (KpnI, XhoI)
3 Replicates of the following

Reagent	Amount
DNA	2.6ul
Buffer	5ul
H2O	41.5ul
KpnI	0.5ul
XhoI	0.5ul

Ligation (2x reaction) 40ul

Reagent	Amount
10X T4 DNA ligase buffer	4ul
Vector DNA (16ng/ul)	100ng -> 6.25ul
insert DNA	75nl -> 12 ul
T4 DNA Ligase	2ul
H2O	16ul

Note: ALL digested DNA in tube labeled lacGFP.ligation was used

Nanodrop of ligation: 1114.0ng/ul. 260/280 = 3.7

Transformation

Transformation of ligated esa-GFP plasmid into DH5\alpha cells

DH5\alpha ,<- unlabelled brown vial inside DH5\alpha box at -80

Plates spread at 11:40h

LB + chloroamphenicol

+4x (100ul)

+10x (40ul)

+20x (20ul)

+LB - 20x (20ul)

remaining transformed cells (~220ul) are kept at 4C

--> labeled as placGFP in brown tube

Oservation: only 4x placGFP plate has colonies (7)

spread one new LB + chlor plate with 200ul of transformed bacteria

picked 6 colonies to grow for miniprep in LB + chl liq media

Conclusion:

+protocol works

+optimization for increase vol needed

cloning of synparts in amp vector

+comes as 4mg dry DNA

+40ul of DI/RNAse free H20

+for transformation, 150ml on wed

Unknown

Miniprep of placGFP followed by RE digest (Kpn, XhoI): 50 ul total

Reagent	Amount
Buffer	2.5ul
KpnI	<ILLEGIBLE>
XhoI	<ILLEGIBLE>
DNA	10
H2O	12025

Colony PCR for synparts

+ Failed

+ No specific <illegible> produced

+ Might need optimization

Yihan

RE digest (XhoI, KpnI) of esa and GFP

Yunting

Gel electrophoresis (100V, 40min)

+ Lane 2: gpf: no bands

+ Lane 3: 100bp ladder

+ Lane 4: blank

+ Lane 5: esa: 2 bands

+ Lane 6: 1kb ladder

+ Lane 7:blank

Optimizing gel extract protocol

+ RE GFP from PCR (directly RE)

+ promega agarose 1% gel

+ add NaAC in binding buffer

Result:

+ yield for cut plasmid was 12.8ng/ul

+ GFP was 8.6ng/ul

Ligation reaction 6 reactions

Reagent	Amount
Buffer	12ul
Vector	30ul
Insert	30ul

+ 6x ligation result transformed into competent DH5\alpha 20 ul, 50ul, 100ul plated on LB + chl

Yunting

Ligation of GFP tester plasmid.

Performed 4x ligation using RE- digested esa and GFP (CY, 22/6). Ligation rxn at room temperature for 30min instead of 10min.

Included vector-only and insert-only controls.

Stored in -20deg.

Will run gel tmr. Insert only control should be same size as gfp product. Same for the other control. Can try to plate vector only to see re-ligation??

Nanodrop:

PlacGFP - 642.8ng/ul. 260/280=3.89

Vector ctrl - 756.6ng/ul. 260/280=4.11

Insert ctrl - 557 ng/ul. 260/280=3.86

Yanting

Ran 0.8% pre-cast gel at 100V for 45min.

10ul of each sample to 2ul of loading dye.

Gel lanes:

100bp; uncut esa (used esa4 from -20);

pLacGFP; vector ctrl; insert ctrl; 1kb.

[YH] Re-run gel. 35ul of each sample. No bands.

RE of esa and Gfp pcr product.

Gel electrophoresis.

Cast a thick 1% gel (60ml) with combined wells. [Don't need to cast thick gel next time, takes too long to melt]

Gel run at 100V, 45min. Lanes: 100bp, esa, gfp 1&2, 1kb

Image after cutting is also saved.

Gel extraction of RE esa & gfp.

Used Promega kit, loaded both gfp bands into one column. Eluted with 30ul water for 5min before centrifugation.

Nanodrop:

Esa- 37.7ng/ul. 260/280= 1.83

Gfp - 25.1ng/ul. 260/280= 1.84

Overnight ligation

6x ligation:

Reagent	Amount
Buffer	6ul
Vector (37.7ng/ul)	50ng = 7.8ul
Insert (25.1ng/ul)	37.7 ng = 6.6ul
H2O	87.6ul
Ligase	6ul

Ligation reaction run overnight in 16 deg hold in thermocycler - 15h, 8pm - 11am.

[Chi Yan + Yunting] Midiprep of EsaR plasmid

[Yihan Yunting] Gel electrophoresis of inv colony PCR

insert picture gel

[Xinyi] Colony pcr for placgfp for >18 colonies

insert gel picture

[Adrian] Gfp expression observed using gfp filter with the SPS microscope

Yanting

Subculture of HEK 293

P4 -> p5

Grow/split into 150mm dish for freezing on sat(20/6)

-->30ml DMEM + 1ml cells

90mm dish for maintenance (buffer)

-->10ml DMEM + 30ul cells

Cells combined from 3 90mm dishes

Yanting

Freezing of HEK293

P6

Cells from a 150 mm dish and 90mm dish

Adrian

Prepared restreak of inv/hly plasmid from original stab culture

Yanting and Yunting

Colony PCR of invasin

Picked out 8 colonies (marked 1-8) from BBa_K299812 plate stored at 4deg (Adrian, 12/7).

Colony PCR using prefix suffix primers for first 4 rxn and universal primers VP & VF2 for last 4 rxn. Used thermocycler "Colony" protocol.

Also constituted dNTP w 2.5mM of each atcg triphosphate.

Yanting

100V at 30min. Ladder, 4 prefix suffix rxn, 4 universal primers rxn. Saved as “7.15_inv colony”.

When I ran for longer (after storing gel at 4deg), the bands were longer but the 250bp marker as well as the primer-dimers are pretty close to dye front.

Yunting

Placed BBa_K299812 plate in incubator for overnight growth.

Yanting and Yunting

Colony PCR of 8 colonies (marked A-H) from BBa_K299812 plate, and also spotted on a save plate. Both plates placed back in incubator.

Primer conc=0.5 uM, template DNA dissolved in 10ul h20.

Thermocycler “colony_inv” protocol, with adjusted extension time and annealing time&temp from standard “colony” protocol.

100V for 34min.

Tubes 1-2: FP-prefix, RP-suffix.

3-4: FP-VF2, RP-VR.

5-6: FP-prefix, RP_Inv_M2.

7-8: RP-suffix, FP_Inv_M1.

No template control with FP-prefix, RP-suffix.

[Note: RP_M2 = FP_M2. Check future uses agn seq on the primer master file. Just in case, the sequence used in this expt is INV_FP_M2->GCTCATTATAGTCCGCGAAATCACG].

Gel image saved as “7.17_inv colony.sgd” (handphone pic below).

Results: Tubes 3&4 with universal primers VF2 VR have a band between 4&5kb - Inv+LLO is 4.1kb, probably are positive colonies.

Tubes 1&2, 5&6 have bands <750bp as well as primer dimers (but the annealing temperature was calculated for prefix suffix primers not universal ones…I’ll try thermo-gradient thermocycler protocol next time).

Expected band size for 5&6 (FP-prefix, RP_Inv_M2 (ends 1928)) = 1.9kb.

No bands for tubes 7&8. Expected band size for 7&8 (RP-suffix, FP_Inv_M1 (starts 1046)) = 2.2kb.

Yihan

Inoculation of positive colonies in liquid culture. 3mL and shaking incubation.

Yunting

Miniprep of positive colonies from 30h liquid culture.

Eluted in 50ul elution buffer and stored at -20.

C= 225.9ng/ul. 260/280=1.86

D= 297.7ng/ul. 1.87

Yunting

Colony PCR with thermogradient: 14rxn

Reagent	Amount
H2O	70ul
dNTP	14ul
MgCl2	35ul
Taq	3.25ul
primers (forward + reverse)	14ul*2
Template DNA	14ul

C/D-1,2: Col3.

C/D-3,4: Col12.

D-5,6: Col 9.

D-7,8: Col 10.

Negative control (no template): Col 8.

Gel ran for 80V, 1h.

D-1,2: VF2, VR.

D-3,4: FP-prefix, RP-suffix.

D-5,6: FP-prefix, FP_M2.

D-7,8: FP-prefix, FP_invF.

C-1,2: VF2, VR.

C-3,4: FP-prefix, RP-suffix.

Results Notes:

Too much template DNA (~250ng). Separate the universal primers (to avoid differing extension time).

Yanting

RE digest of inv/hyl plasmid with EcoRI and PstI for 2 hours at 37oC.

Lane 1-4: 1kb ladder, 100bp ladder, RE of colony C, RE of colony D.

Size is correct: 4kb main band (inv+hly part) and 2kb (plasmid backbone). These plasmid DNA should have the part.

Yanting and Yunting

Colony PCR, used with temperature gradient to vary annealing temperature. 10rxn

Reagent	Amount
5x buffer	50ul
H2O	127.5ul
dNTP	50ul
MgCl2	10ul
Taq	3.25ul
primers (forward + reverse)	14ul*2
Template DNA	14ul

100V for 45min (can run for longer).

Result:

Lane 1: 1kb ladder; lane 2: 100bp ladder;

lane 3-7: FP prefix + RP suffix (5 repeats with increasing annealing temperatures) has 2 bands ~800 bp & 100-200bp (probably non specific bands, will lower # of cycles in future, use higher annealing temp, lower annealing time).

Expected size of inv+hly part is 4.1kb.

lane 8-9: VF + M2 has a thick band 800-900bp.

Expected size is 600+130bp (VF adds ~130bp compared to FP_prefix) .: doesn’t seem to be correct….

lane 10-11: VF + inv F has no bands. Expected is at least 200bp (bcos universal primers).

lane 12: VR + inv F seems to have a small band <100bp. Non specific amplification?

Expected is 1.5+0.1 kb (from VR).

Yanting

RE with XbaI and PstI

Reagent	Amount
Restriction enzyme	2ul
Buffer	5ul
DNA (4x of miniprep=74.5ng/ul)	13.4ul
H2O	29.6ul

Incubate at 37degC for 2.5h (1130-1400)

Results: Gel loaded 1kb ladder, uncut, RE digested. 100V for 1h.

Plasmid doesn't have XbaI site - RE digested DNA is a linear 6kb band.

Yunting

Cast a big gel. Stored in 4 deg. [Used up 26/6]

Pre-cast two 0. 8% gels. Stored in 4deg. [Used up on 24 & 25/6]

Chi Yan and Yunting

Midiprep of esaR plasmid.

Airdry ON.

Safety Inspection for our lab by OSHE. We passed with flying colours!

Transformation of ligated FNRgfp plasmid into dH5alpha

Cleaned waterbath, de-iced the fridge.

Today, we also did a spring cleaning for the lab

Pre-cast big and small gels and stored in 4deg in the blue tupperware. [Used up on 20 & 22/7]

Adrian

BBPrefix_esaRBS PCR

Reagent	Amount
H2O	221ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl	32ul
dNTP	32ul
Forward Primer_Biobrick Prefix	16ul
ORP_esaRBS_fragsyn	16ul
synpart_BBP_esaRBS	1ul
gotaq	2ul
total	400ul

success-> PCR purification

esaRBS_GFP_BBsuffix

Reagent	Amount
H2O	237ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTP	32ul
Reverse primer_BB_suffix	??
ORP_esaRS_GFP	16ul
Plac_GFPPLASMID	1ul
gotaq	2ul

failed -> troubleshooting-> new OFP_esaRBBS_GFP

Redid 30/6 with new primers

success with new primers-> fusion pcr

PCR with inv primers (adrian’s primers)

Clarice

Fusion PCR with esaRBS, GFP

Reagent	Amount
H2O	104.07ul
Buffer	40ul
MgCl2	16ul
dNTP	16ul
Forward primer_BB_prefix	8ul
Reverse primer_BB_prefix	8ul
400ng esaRBS	2.13ul
400ng esaRBSgfp	4.8ul
gotaq	1ul
Total	200ul

annealing temp 50degC

Gel electrophoresis: looks correct-> PCR Purification

RE digest of esaRBS+GFP

Reagent	Insert	Vector
Buffer	2ul	2ul
EcoRI/PstI	1ul	1ul
Template(2ug)	5ul	4ul
dH2O	11ul	12ul
total	20ul	20ul

Clarice

COlny PCR with different colonies (15 colonies)

FP_BB_Prefix and RP_BB_Suffix

Success

Clarice

Colony PCR successful - inouclated colony 2,3,4,12 in 3mL LB

PCR-FNRsynpart BBP

Reagent	Amount
dH2O	221ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTPs	32ul
FP_RNE_PromoterBBP	16ul
GFP_FNR_Prom_GFP	16ul
synpart FNR	1ul
gotaq	2ul

Clarice

Verify minipreppped esaGFP plasmid

Reagent	Amount
Buffer	2ul
EcoRI	1ul
Pst1	1ul
Plasmid	5ul
dH2O	11ul
total	20ul

Clarice

Transformatin of EsaGFP plasmid (30ul BL21 + 5ul ligation reaction)

plate O/N

Yihan

Ran gel of gfp plasmid EcoRI/PstI, took out gel slice for vector - 4kb

Gel extraction:

+gfpvector->38.7ng/ul fragment-> direction purification 226.4ng/ul

+LIgation reaction (5:1) 6X

Reagent	Amount
300ng vector	7.8ng/ul
531.2ng of insert	2.4ul
Buffer	12ul
Enzyme	6ul
H2O	91.8ul

ligate for 2 hours at 16 hours transform, plate, grow ON

Yihan

No colonies-> ligation did not work

Recalcualte ligation reaction (3:1),7x

350ng vector->9ul vector

446.3ng insert-> 2ul 7ul

ligase 110

H2O

12ul buffer

Yihan and Clarice

colonies for EsaGFP

grew Colony PCR for 14 colonies

Unsuccessful-> no bands observed

Yihan

Trying out an idea for workshop

Trial for blue/white screen

Streak out pGFPuv and pGEMT on plate with amp added spread 40ul of 0.1M IPTG and 30ul of 5%xgal, dried and on plate without amp

Yihan

Ran gel with FNR Pcr and gfp pcr

size of pcr product was correct but gel picture was not saved

FNR Product was pcr purified

Plasmid extraction for colony 2,3,4 of esaGFP - > 2,3 were sent for sequencing and primers did not bind, chromatogram was messed up.

Fusion PCR for FNRGFP:

Reagent	Amount
dH2O	218ul
10X buffer	80ul
MgCl2	23ul
dNTP	32ul
Template FNR PCR (40ng)	3ul
gfp PCR (400ng)	1ul
FP_BB_Suffix	16ul
RP_BB_Suffix	16ul
gotaq	2ul

Chi yan

Gel was run for fusion pcr size was correct

Clarice RE digest:

Reagent	Amount
PstI	1.5ul
EcoRI	1.5ul
Buffer	4ul
Template	3ul
H2O	20ul
Total	40ul

Chi yan

Ran gel for gfpp plasmid

gel purificaiton and extraction of 4kb fragment

Reagent	Amount
ligation reaction (2X)	40ul
Buffer	4ul
100ng of DNA vector	3.4ul
157ng insert	16ul
enzyme	2ul
H2O	14.6ul

Yihan

no colonies for FNRgfp plasmid

Inv plasmid verification

Reagent	Amount
buffer	1ul
EcoRI	0.5ul
invasin plasmid	0.5ul
dH2O	8ul
Total	10ul

Gel extraction RE digest of EsaR-GFP plasmid

Reagent	Ligation	Control
Vector (45ng)	1ul	1ul
Insert	1ul	1ul
Buffer	1ul	1ul
dH2O	6ul	7ul
ligase	1ul	1ul

Transformation of FNRgfp anaerobe jar

E. coli grew in both conditions p putida-> some growth in anaerobe chamber proper streak plate in aerobic conditions

packet runs out after 16hours

Yihan and Yunting

LIgation for FNRgfp (4X)

Reagent	Amount
200ng Gfp plasmid	4.36ul
297ng insert (7:1)	10.3ul
Buffer	53.34ul
T4 ligase	4ul

Trial run of anaerobe chamber:

+ open sachet to decrease O2 at 3.30pm

+ takes 2.5h to activate

place streak plate of p putida a strict aerobe and e coli, facultative aerobe in chamber at 30deg C to grow O/N

P. putida is an abligate aerobe and if chmaber works ,it will not grow

E. coli should grow in both conditions

controls grown outside chamber

Yihan

FNRgfp-> no colonies after transformation

religation (4X reaction)

Reagent	Amount
200ng GFP plasmid	4.4ul
2125ng of insert	8ul
T4 ligase	4ul
H2O	55.6ul

transformation of FNR gfp into 20ul of BL21

Yihan

No colonies grew

Ran a gel, FNRgfp pcr, gfp pcr, fnr, 100bp ladder

Chi Yan

RE digest of FNR-GFP fusion PCR with EcoRI and PstI

Reagent	Amount
EcoRI	1ul
PstI	1ul
Buffer	5ul
FNR-GFP from 12/7 in RIP box 1ug	2.5ul
H2O	40.5ul
Total	50ul

Direct purification using Promega kit

Overnight ligation (4X reaction)

Reagent	Amount
200ng of GFP plasmid	4.4ul
400ng of insert (5:1)	?
T4 ligase	4ul
T4 ligase buffer	8ul
H2O	?

200ng of gfp plasmid (4.4ul)

400ng of insert (5:1) (?ul)

4ul T4 ligase

8ul T4 ligase buffer

? H2O

Yihan

Ncbi search in BL21 genome revealed that it does have FNR transcriptional regulator

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/CP010816.1

In dH5alpha as well

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/945908

However no direct data on our specific strains of dH5alpha and BL21

Adrian 1_8

PCR	reaction
H2O	222ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTPs	32ul
VF2	16ul
VR	16ul
GoTaq	2ul

Cycle conditions 95ºC (3min) -> 95ºC (30s) -> 60ºC (30s) -> 72ºC (1.5min) -> 72ºC (5min) for 25 cycles Result: FP_Biobricks_Suffix and RP_Biobrick_Suffix primers are contaminated -> rediute from stock Maintenance Red Workshop Protocol

To make Fragment 1 for the	workshop
H2O	222ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTP	32ul
Primer 1 (FP_retarded)	16ul
Primer 2 (RP_retarded)	16ul
GoTaq	2ul
GFP plasmid	1ul

To make Fragment 2 for the	workshop
H2O	222ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTP	32ul
Primer 1 (OFP_esaRBSver2)	16ul
Primer 2 (RP_VR)	16ul
GoTaq	2ul
GFP plasmid	1ul

Cycle conditions 95ºC (3min) -> 95ºC (30s) -> 60ºC (30s) -> 72ºC (2.5min) -> 72ºC (10min) for 25 cycles

Adrian 2/8

Recreating backbone

pSB1A2	EcoRI/PstI
H2O	22ul
pSB1A2-GFP	10ul
Buffer	4ul
EcoRI	2ul
PstI	2ul
Total	40ul

Adrian 3/8

Fusion PCR for	workshop
H2O	111ul
Buffer	40ul
MgCl2	16ul
dNTP	16ul
OFP_esaRBS_GFP_ver2	8ul
ORP_XhoI_retarded	8ul
GoTaq	1ul
Fragment 1	1ul
Fragment 2	1ul

95ºC (3min) -> 95ºC (30s) -> 60ºC (30s) -> 72ºC (1.5min) -> 72ºC (10min) for 25 cycles

EsaR Master Plate	Test
Colony PCR
H2O	222ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTP	32ul
VF2	16ul
VR	16ul
GoTaq	2ul
	400ul

For 10 colonies

Ligation of esaRBS-GFP (EcoRI/PstI) and RNG-GFP (EcoRI/PstI) into pSB1A2 (EcoRI/PstI)

10x T4 DNA ligase Buffer	1ul
Vector	1ul
Insert	5ul
H2O	10ul
T4 DNA ligase	1ul

Reactions were incubated for 30min at room temperature Transformation pSB1A2 esaRBSGFP pSB1A2 RNG GFP Control cut pSB1A2

Adrian 17/7

Ligation of esaRBS-GFP (EcoRI/PstI) and RNG-GFP (EcoRI/PstI) into pSB1A2 (EcoRI/PstI)

10x T4 DNA ligase Buffer	1ul
Vector	1ul
Insert	5ul
H2O	10ul
T4 DNA ligase	1ul

Reactions were incubated for 30min at room temperature Transformation pSB1A2 esaRBSGFP pSB1A2 RNG GFP Control cut pSB1A2

Adrian 18/7

Vector dimer check 8 colonies were selected from the control plate (26/7)

PCR	mastermix
H2O	222ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTP	32ul
FP_Biobricks_Prefix	16ul
RP_Biobricks_Prefix	16ul
GoTaq	2ul
Total	400ul

The control plate had plasmids with a 800bp insert Gel extract was performed on a 2kb band Ligation Troubleshooting

Ligation	Mastermix
H2O	222ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTP	32ul
FP_Biobricks_Suffix	16ul
RP_Biobricks_Suffix	16ul
GoTaq	2ul
Total	400ul

Colony PCR 8 colonies were selected from esaR and RNG each, total 16 colonies

PCR	Mastermix
H2O	444ul
Buffer	160ul
MgCl2	64ul
dNTP	64ul
FP_Biobricks_Suffix	32ul
RP_Biobricks_Suffix	32ul
GoTaq	4ul
Total	800ul

Ran gel Lanes Vector Backbone (EcoRI/PstI Control Ligation mix esaR ligation mix RNG ligation mix T4 Ligation buffer Blank

Adrian 26/7

BBPprefix_esaRBS PCR synthesis

PCR	Reaction
H2O	22ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTP	32ul
FP_Biobricks_Prefix	16ul
ORP_esaRBS_fragsyn	16ul
synpartBBP_esaRBS	1ul
GoTaq polymerase	2ul
Total	400ul

	esaRBS_GFP_BBsuffix
H2O	221ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTP	32ul
RP_BiobricksSuffix	16ul
OFP_esaRBS_GFPver2	16ul
pSB1A2_BBa_0040	1ul
GoTaq	2ul
Total	400ul

PCR for	esa
H2O	220ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTPs	32ul
FP_BB_Prefix	16ul
RP_BB_Suffix	16ul
BBPrefix_esaRBS	1.2ul
esaRBS_GFPBBSuffix	0.5ul
GoTaq	2ul
Total	400ul

PCR for	RNG
H2O	220ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTPs	32ul
FP_BB_Prefix	16ul
RP_BB_Suffix	16ul
BBPrefix_esaRBS	1.5ul
esaRBS_GFPBBSuffix	0.5ul
GoTaq	2ul
Total	400ul

Adrian Clarice

REdigest of esaR and RNF after PCR purification and gel extraction

esaR-gfp RE	digest
Bffer	2ul
PstI	1ul
EcoRI	1ul
2ug Template	5.4ul
H2O	10.6ul
Total	20ul

RNG RE	digest
Bffer	2ul
PstI	1ul
EcoRI	1ul
2ug Template	3.9ul
H2O	12.1ul
Total	20ul

Ligation of pSB1A2 with esaR and	RNG
10X T4 Ligase Buffer	2ul
Vector (pSB1A2 EcoRI/PstI)	1ul
Insert (esaR and RNG)	5ul
H2O	11ul
T4 DNA ligase	1ul
Total	20ul

Ligation for 30min at room temperature

Clarice 19/7

Colony PCR for RNG and esaR-GFP colonies from master plate

RNG	(10X)
H2O 13.8 + colony	each
Buffer	50
MgCl2	20
dNTPs	20
Primer 1	10
Primer 2	10
Gotaq	2

esaGFP	(9X)
H2O	45
Buffer	18
MgCl2	18
dNTPs	9
Primer 1	9
Primer 2	9
GoTaQ	1.8

CY 8/8

8 minipreps of 4 clones from BL21 pNirB+gfp and 4 clones from dH5alpha pNirB+gfp

RE	digest
EcoRI	9ul
PstI	9ul
Cutsmart Buffer	45ul
DNA of 1ug	6.7ul
H2O	36.3ul

Result after running gel: All clones are positive for pNirB+gfp

CY 13/8

Invasin + Listerolysin blue
Inoculated 4 colonies of BL21 transformed with the inv+hly clone D.

CY 14/8

Invasin + Listerolysin blue
Miniprep of the inv+hly clones

RE digest with	EcoRI/PstI
EcoRI	5ul
PstI	5ul
Buffer	25ul
DNA 1ug	(4ul)
H2O	11ul
Total	50ul

CY 19/8

Colony PCR for pEFYP plated on (17/8) Pcr for pNirBgfp as with (18/8) with pNirB-gfp primers, Biobricks prefix and suffix primers

PCR Master mix For	pEYFP
H2O	13.25ul
Buffer	5ul
dNTP	5ul
F/R primer	5ul
2.5mM MgCl2	12.5
GoTaq	11.25ul

PCR Master mix for pNirBgfp with pNirB-gfp primers, and Biobricks Prefix and Suffix Primers (Melting temperature increased to 53degrees) 3ul of plasmid in each tube

PCR Master mix for pNirB-gfp primers and BB prefix/suffix	primers
H2O	101.25ul
Buffer	45ul
dNTP	9ul
Forward Primer	9ul
Reverse Primer	9ul
2.5mM MgCl2	22.5ul
GoTaq polymerase	2.25ul

CY 21/7

Ran gel for 20/7 colony pcr for FNR gfp 1kb, 100bp, colonies negative control

CY 22/7

Anaerobic promoter Brown
PCR to test 'FNR-GFP plasmid'.

Colonies 1-5 from 20/7 + negative control 3 sets of primers FP_BB Prefix, RP BB Suffix GFP-F, GFP-R FP_FNRPromoter_BBP, ORP_FNR_Promoter GFP

For each reaction (6X)

H2O 73.5ul

dNTPs 6ul

Forward/Reverse Primer 6ul/6ul MgCl2 15ul

Taq polymerase1.5ul

For each plasmid 1ul

Buffer 30ul

CY 24/7

Ligation of Cut FNRGFP (17/7) with cut GFP vector

1X	reaction
Buffer	2ul
200ng vector	1.1ul
3:1	256.5ng
Water	3.4ul
T4 DNA ligase	1ul
Total	20ul

Incubation at room temperature for 2h Transformation into 10ul BL21 competent cells

CY 27/7

RE of extracted product with EcoRI/PstI for 300ng of DNA

RE	(1X)
FNR-gfp	0.9ul
EcoRI	1ul
PstI	1ul
Buffer	2ul
Water	15.1ul
Total	20ul

CY YH

When gel was run, primer dimers and 700-800bp band were present in the negative control with no template added

Fresh buffer, MgCL2, dNTP and fresh diluted primers were used to repeat colony PCR.

Diluting dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP to 2.5mM

Repeated colony pcr with Prefix-suffix primers using TC pipettors

HYT 15/7

Invasin + Listerolysin blue
RE digest of the miniprepped inv/hly plasmid with EcoRI/PstI from (20/7) Tube C-> 226ng/ul Tube D-> 298ng/ul

RE	reaction
Buffer	3ul
Plasmid 4ul	each
EcoRI	1ul
PstI	1ul
H2O 21ul	each
Total	30ul

incubated at 37degC for 2h Add 6X loading dye to stop reaction in both tubes Ran gel (1kb, 100bp, cut vector C, D)

CY 24/7

Anaerobic promoter Brown
Ligation of Cut FNRGFP (17/7) with cut GFP vector

1X	reaction
Buffer	2ul
200ng vector	1.1ul
3:1	256.5ng
Water	3.4ul
T4 DNA ligase	1ul
Total	20ul

Incubation at room temperature for 2h Transformation into 10ul BL21 competent cells

XY 18/7

Anaerobic promoter Brown
Transformation of FNRGFP ligated product into BL21 (from CY 17/7) 1. 3ul pUC19 control +10ul BL21 2. 20ul Ligation product + 20ul BL21 3. 5ul Ligation product + 20ul BL21 Plated on LB+amp plates 40ul of transformed bacteria in SOC media on LB+amp 20ul of transformed bacteria in SOC media on LB alone

YH 2/8

Inoculated colony 3,7 of FNR GFp selected positive clones for miniprep

YH 3/8

Anaerobic promoter Brown
Miniprep of colony 3, 7 and sent for sequencing with GFP-R and FP_VF2 -> results show there is GFP but no FNR.

YH 6/8

Transform pNirB+gfp from the Biobricks Registry into BL21 and dH5alpha

YH 9/8

OD600 of 1 = 10^8 cells/cm^3

OD600 of 10X	dilution
BL21 clone 1 0.013 -> 1.04x10^8	cells/cm^3
BL21 clone 2 0.094 -> 7.52x10^8	cells/cm^3
dH5alpha clone 1 0.054 -> 4.32x10^8	cells/cm^3
dH5alpha clone 2 1.123 -> 9.84x10^8	cells/cm^3
BL21 0.084 -> 6.72x10^8	cells/cm^3
dH5alpha 0.046-> 3.68x10^8	cells/cm^3
BL21 + pGFPuv 0.036 -> 2.88x10^8	cells/cm^3

The cultures were diluted 100X and 500X in a volume of 200ul in a 24well plate and grown in the anaerobic chamber at 30degrees and 225rpm for 2, 4, 6, 8 hours

Replicating the iGEM Valencia Team - growing cultures under sterile oil (filtered through 0.22um filter) 0.5mL of stationary culture + 2.5mL LB, with 1mL of sterile oil added above

Grown at 28 degrees, 200rpm for 2 days

Results:

GFP signal is expressed in cultures with the anaerobic sensitive promoter grown in anaerobic conditions overnight, but signal was weak.
After 6 hours in anaerobic growth, the BL21 + pNirB clone 1 had highest GFP signal when observed with the GFP microscope.

BL21 strain had no signal

After 24 hours in anaerobic conditions, dH5alpha had highest signal compared to control

Control - colonies picked directly from plates (aerobic conditions) had no GFP signal

After 2 days there was no gfp expression

YH 14/8

Seeded cells for invasion assay

BL21 + inv-hly clones correct after running gel for digest of the plasmids with EcoRI and PstI

YH 15/8

Invasin + Listerolysin blue

Invasion assay with HEK293T cells and BL21, and BL21+inv-hly plasmid on 15/08/15

Rationale: The invasin gene in the invasin+listerolysin plasmid should remain intact and be expressed, leading to an invasion phenotype

Objective: Screen invasion phenotype of BL21 and BL21+invasin-listerolysin Biobricks part

Experiment details

Cells were passage 2 Seed 0.5mL of 5x10^5 HEK293T cells/mL and 1x10^6 in wells of 24-well plates, grow overnight.

Determine cell confluency with microscopy the next day - 80-90% confluency

All strains were grown overnight in 3mL LB broth

For 5x10^5 cells

100ul of 10^9 cells/mL was used for moi 200

100ul of 2X dilution of 10^9 cells/mL was used for moi 100

100ul of 4X dilution of 10^9 cells/mL was used for moi 50

100ul of 5X dilution of 10^9 cells/mL was used for moi10

Result Lawn on all plates HEK293T cells detach too easily.

Grow for 24 hours in the future and do minimal, and gentle washing. For next experiment, 0.5x10^6 and 1x10^6 cells wre seeded 1000ug/mL kanamycin for 1 hour is sufficient for kill step

no contamination in uninfected control

There is invasion in background BL21 strain as well

All mois showed high percentage of infection

In future use moi 10:1 and plate up 10^2 to 10^5 dilution for countable colonies

YH 17/7
For plates on LB alone there was a lawn

For pUC19, the transformation worked, and separated colonies were produced

No colonies were produced for the FNR-gfp plasmid

YH 18/8

PCR for the clones of pNirB-gfp from B21(1-4) and dH5alpha (1-4)with pNirB-gfp-F/R primers

5ul plasmid, 5ul H2O in each tube

PCR Mastermix

dNTP 8ul

MgCl2 20ul

Taq Polymerase 2ul

Buffer 40ul F/R

primers 0.8ul each

H2O 40ul

YH 19/7
inoculated colonies C,D for invasin plasmid in 3mL LB+amp at 1.30pm

Transformed remaining 40u ligation reaction for FNR gfp into 10ul BL21

Transformed 100ng pGFPuv plasmid into 10ul BL21

Poured new LB+amp plates

Plated 20, 40, 100ul of transformed bacteria in SOC media on plates

YH 20/7
pGFPuv transformation worked!

Single colony for FNR-GFP + 4 more from plating on 19/7

Sent FNR-GFP fusion product for sequencing with RP-Biobricks Suffx - result there is no FNR but there is no GFP

Colony PCR for FNR gfp (Colonies 1-5, (-) control)

Colony PCR	(6X)
H2O	19.5ul
Buffer	10ul
6ul	dNTP
6ul FP_Biobricks	Suffix
6ul RP_Biobricks	SUffix
15ul	MgCl2
1.5ul Taq	Polymerase

YH 21.7
Redid colony pcr for above as negative control had a positive band - contamination of PCR

negative control still has band - reagents contaminated

YH 22/7

Miniprepped colonies 1-5 for FNR-gfp plasmid

Did EcoRI/PstI digest

Digest for mastermix	(5X)
Buffer	10ul
EcoRI/PstI	2ul
H2O	60ul
Total 20ul per	tube

400ng plasmid in each	tube

Ran gel for RE samples, none were postive clones

YH 26/7
No colonies for FNRgfp

Hotstart fusion PCR (8X	reaction)
10X Buffer	80ul
dNTPs	16ul
FP Biobricks Prefix	8ul
RP Biobricks Suffix	8ul
FNR Pcr product	12ul
GFP PCR product	4ul
MgCl2	3ul
H2O	668ul

YH 27/7
Ran gel with cut vector and cut PCR product 1kb 100bp cut vector (wells 3-5) FNR-gfp (wells 6-8)

However, PCR product was not detectable

RE digest for FNRgfp	EcoRI/PstI
150ng PCR	5ul
Buffer	2ul
EcoRI	0.5ul
PstI	0.5ul
H2O	12ul
Total	20ul

Gel extracted Ligation reaction was performed overnight

Ligation reaction	(1X)
100ng vector	8.3ul
85ng insert	16ul
T4 ligase	2ul
Buffer	4ul
H2O	9.7ul

YH 28/7

Trialling transformation of 10ul BL21 with 100ng pGFPuv plasmid for workshop.

Using 200ul LB broth for the growth in 1hour step

10ul BL21 + 10ul plasmid Heatshock for 300s

Shake for 1hour at 37 degC 225rpm

plated 40ul on LB, 40ul on LB+amp plate

Transformation of ligation reaction into BL21 with control of cut vector (100ng) into BL21

plated 40ul on LB+amp plate, 20ul on LB plate

YH 29/7
Colonies on pGFPuv plate with amp -> LB works for reviving bacteria small colonies with FNRGFP plasmid

YH 30/7
12 colonies grew for FNRGFP plate no colonies on control with cut vector Colony PCR to screen 12 colonies and negative control using universal primers

PCR Mastermix	(13X)
H2O	42.25ul
PCR Buffer	65ul
VF2 Primer	13ul
RP VR Primer	13ul
MgCl2	32.5ul
GoTaq	3.25ul

human practice

[some introduction here]

Workshop

píc

One of the participants taking a closer look at GFP-tagged E. coli under our very own SPS microscope.

The SPS iGEM Team of 2015 hosted a genetic engineering workshop for students from the Faculty of Science on 5th August 2015, in the Active Learning Room and the SPS Wet Lab. The workshop aimed to equip science students with an understanding of both the techniques of synthetic biology, and its risks and rewards. Participants were given the opportunity to be immersed in both the theoretical and wet lab components of synthetic biology.

Students were first guided through the concepts of genetic engineering, and the available wet lab tools and techniques used. After some light refreshments, they then got a chance to try their hands at designing their very own gene vectors with a fun set of theoretical puzzles.

One of the workshop facilitators explaining the process of constructing a genetic vector.

Participants and facilitators hard at work figuring out genetic puzzles

After lunch, the participants performed Fusion PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and performed bacterial transformation in the SPS Wet Lab. They also had a look at green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed in E. coli, as an example of one of the methods that are commonly used to quantify protein expression.

Participants beginning PCR in the SPS Wet Lab!

Loading a gel is hard work – participants ran a DNA gel to confirm if their PCR reaction was successful

All in all, both the workshop participants and facilitators spent an enjoyable day both learning and sharing about genetic engineering. The SPS iGEM Team of 2015 would like to thank all participants for spending their day with us! We would also like to thank Science Dean’s Office for their kind sponsorship, as well as the SPS staff and SPS community for their support.

A final group photograph with some of the facilitators and workshop participants

Video

Interview

safety

Biosafety in our project involves minimising the risks to the researchers working in the laboratory, as well as the general public in future medical applications based off our research.

Safety when handling biological organisms

Non-pathogenic strains of E. coli K-12 strains BL21 and dH5α from Life Technologies were used for bacterial cloning of plasmids and expression of proteins of interest. These strains are Risk group 1 and were handled in a BSL2 Biosafety cabinet. The E. coli strain carrying the Biobrick BBaK299812 (containing parts derived from Risk group 2 organisms) was handled as a Risk Group 2 agent. Mammalian cell line HEK293T is classified under Risk group 2, and was also cultured in a BSL2 Biosafety cabinet.

Safety in Project Design

In our project, we aim to engineer non-pathogenic E. coli as a vector to deliver a potential drug into the tumour core. We use the Biobricks Part BBa_K299812 (http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K299812), which contains the invasin gene from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and the listerolysin O gene from Listeria monocytogenes. The Invasin protein allows for bacteria to enter mammalian cells, while Listerolysin O is a pore-forming protein that enable bacteria to escape the endosome. These two proteins are involved in pathogenesis of their respective bacterial species.

The Invasin and Listerolysin proteins enable our E. coli to enter mammalian cells, and escape the endosome, where they can subsequently deliver an encoded therapeutic to kill the tumour cell. To ensure that these proteins are only expressed under the conditions of the tumour microenvironment, the invasin and listerolysin proteins will be placed under the control of an anaerobic promoter, and a quorum sensing system.

Safety in Our Lab

All our team members have undergone Chemical, Biological and Fire Safety Training from the Office of Safety, Health and Environment (OSHE http://www.nus.edu.sg/osh/), the department in charge of Laboratory and Work Safety at the National University of Singapore

For each protocol used for our experiments, we have a separate risk assessment. Please refer to our ‘protocols’ page for more information.

Our laboratory is equipped with biological and chemical spill kits, and all members of our iGEM Team are trained to handle Biological and Chemical Spills. Our laboratory is classified as Biosafety Level 2, according to the classification by the Wolrd Health Organisation (WHO) and the Genetic Modification Advisory Committee of the government of Singapore (http://www.gmac.gov.sg/).

Bacterial work and Mammalian cell culture are performed in separate BSL2 Biosafety Cabinets, while DNA work is done on the bench. No cytotoxic reagents are used in our laboratory; Sybr Safe DNA stain is used rather than Ethidium Bromide. Liquid biological waste is decontaminated using 10% Bleach, while Solid biological waste is sent for incineration in a local incineration plant devoted to medical waste (Sembcorp http://www.sembcorp.com/en/business-on-site-services-solid_waste_management.aspx).

Safety Requirements for iGEM Participation

For the fulfillment of requirements for safety from the iGEM foundation, we have submitted the ‘About our lab’ safety forms (https://2015.igem.org/Safety/About_Our_Lab?team_id=1804) and the ‘Final Safety form (Yihan will complete this later to the deadline as currently can’t confirm what we are submitting to parts registry. Just put in first)’

We have also performed a check-in (https://2015.igem.org/Safety/Check_In) for the Biobricks Part (Bba_k299812 http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K299812), which contains the invasin gene from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and the listerolysin O gene from Listeria monocytogenes.

Difference between revisions of "Team:SPSingapore/home"

Revision as of 15:41, 8 September 2015

Introduction

Esa Quorum sensing

Invasin + lysteriolysin

FNR hypoxic promoter

Design

Team part

Basic part

Composite part

Part collection

PCR protocol “GFP 1” (32 cycles)

GFP PCR product -> 448ng/ul

Workshop

Interview

Safety when handling biological organisms

Safety in Project Design

Safety in Our Lab

Safety Requirements for iGEM Participation

Gold

Silver

Bronze

@@ Line 250: / Line 250: @@
 <div id=protocolTabs>
 <ul>
-<li><a href=#cutSmartBuffer>Cut Smart Buffer</a></li>
+<li><a href=#cutSmartBuffer>Restriction Digest with NEB enzymes</a></li>
-<li><a href=#DNASequencing>DNA sequencing</a></li>
+<!--<li><a href=#miniprep>Miniprep</a></li>-->
-<li><a href=#miniprep>Miniprep</a></li>
 <li><a href=#PCRPurification>PCR Purification</a></li>
 <li><a href=#transfectionExpression>Transfection-Expression</a></li>
 <li><a href=#cloning>Cloning</a></li>
 <li><a href=#Cell_Number_and_Viability_Determination>Cell Number and Viability Determination</a></li>
-<li><a href=#Clearing_Biohazard_Waste>Clearing Biohazard Waste</a></li>
+<!--<li><a href=#Clearing_Biohazard_Waste>Clearing Biohazard Waste</a></li>-->
 <li><a href=#Freezing_down_cells>Freezing down cells</a></li>
 <li><a href=#Making_Bacterial_Media>Making Bacterial Media</a></li>
-<li><a href=#Plasmid_Making>Plasmid Making</a></li>
+<li><a href=#Plasmid_Making>Miniprep of plasmid DNA</a></li>
 <li><a href=#Subculturing_for_adherent_cell_lines>Subculturing for adherent cell lines</a></li>
+<li><a href=#Ligation_Protocol_with_DNA_ligase>Ligation Protocol with T4 DNA ligase</a></li>
+<li><a href=#Antibiotic_Preparation>Antibiotic Preparation</a></li>
+<li><a href=#Agarose_Electrophoresis>Agarose Electrophoresis</a></li>
+<li><a href=#Microscopy>Microscopy</a></li>
 </ul>
-<!--cut smart buffer-->
+<!--Restriction Digest with NEB enzymes_Done-->
 <div id=cutSmartBuffer>
 <strong>Link to protocol</strong>
 <div>
 <p>
-<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/14/SPSingapore_Protocols_CutSmartBuffer.pdf" target="_blank">Cut Smart Buffer</a>
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/14/SPSingapore_Protocols_CutSmartBuffer.pdf" target="_blank">Restriction Digest with NEB enzymes</a>
 </p>
@@ Line 274: / Line 277: @@
 <strong>Protocol assessment</strong>
 <div>
-<p>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Adjust Water bath to 37 degrees.</td><td>Electric shock, heat shock</td><td>Possibility of electric shock</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Add aliquots of DNA to water and Cut Smart buffer in a 1.5mL centrifuge tube.</td><td>Biological exposure</td><td>Spillage of buffer and DNA</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Lightly centrifuge the centrifuge tube in a microcentrifuge. Add an appropriate volume of NEB restriction enzymes and centrifuge again.</td><td>Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>Internal training is compulsory.wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand. When using the centrifuge, ensure centrifuge is balanced and rotor is placed correctly, and that all tubes are capped tightly. Close centrifuge properly and ensure that there are no funny sounds when centrifuge is running.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Place 1.5mL tube into waterbath and digest for 2 hours at 37 degrees. When Restriction digest is done, take thetube out and stop reaction by adding Purple loading dye and cooling on ice.</td><td>Electric shock, heat shock</td><td>Spillage of buffer and DNA</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<!--DNA sequencing-->
-<div id="DNASequencing">
-<strong>Link to protocol</strong>
-<div>
-<p>
-<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/4/4b/SPSingapore_Protocols_1stBaseDNASequencing.pdf" target="_blank">DNA sequencing</a>
-</p>
-</div>
-<strong>Protocol assessment</strong>
-<div>
-<p>
-</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <!--miniprep-->
-<div id="miniprep">
+<!--<div id="miniprep">
 <strong>Link to protocol</strong>
 <div>
@@ Line 312: / Line 303: @@
 </p>
 </div>
-</div>
+</div>-->
-<!--PCR Purification-->
+<!--PCR Purification_Done-->
 <div id="PCRPurification">
 <strong>Link to protocol</strong>
@@ Line 325: / Line 316: @@
 <strong>Protocol assessment</strong>
 <div>
-<p>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Adjust Water bath to 55 degrees to preheat.</td><td>Electric shock, heat shock</td><td>Possibility of electric shock</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Excise gel slices with DNA of the correct band into a 1.5mL centrufuge tube, add an appropriate volume of DNA binding buffer and melt the gel slice by incubation in the water bath at 55 degrees. Add a equal volume of DNA binding buffer to a completed pcr reation.</td><td>Biological exposure</td><td>Spillage of buffer and DNA</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Add the melted agarose in DNA binding buffer or pcr reaction and DNA binding buffer to DNA bidning columns resting in 1.5mL tubes. Centrifuge the tube in a microcentrifuge and allow the DNA mixtiure to flow through.</td><td>Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Add wash buffer to wash through the colomns and precipitate DNA. Centrifuge for 1 min, then pour out the remaining wash buffer in the tube. Centrifuge for a further 5 minutes to dry the coloumn.</td><td>Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>5</td><td>Add 30-50ul of nuclease free water to the column, and incubate the columns in the 55 degrees water bath for 5 minutes. Spin down the DNA and quantify concentration using the Thermo Scientific nanodrop.</td><td>Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
-</p>
 </div>
 </div>
-<!--transfection-->
+<!--transfection_Done-->
 <div id="transfectionExpression">
 <strong>Link to protocol</strong>
@@ Line 342: / Line 339: @@
 <strong>Protocol assessment</strong>
 <div>
-<p>
-</p>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>Internal training is compulsory. Handle materials from -80 C using insulated / thermal gloves (or double layer latex gloves); wear proper PPE (safety goggles, lab coat, covered shoes); transfer samples in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)/</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work in a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet. Wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90. Have training on how to manage biological spill with appropriate spill kit reagetns (10% bleach or 70% Ethanol)</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
 </div>
 </div>
-<!--Cloning-->
+<!--Cloning_Done-->
 <div id="cloning">
 <strong>Link to protocol</strong>
@@ Line 359: / Line 361: @@
 <strong>Protocol assessment</strong>
 <div>
-<p>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
-</p>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Transferring bacteria from glycerol stock stored @ -80 C to plastic culture tubes</td><td> Skin contact with extremely cold materials; biological exposure</td><td>Cold burn injury; handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested</td><td>Internal training is compulsory. Handle materials from -80 C using insulated / thermal gloves (or double layer latex gloves); wear proper PPE (safety goggles, lab coat, covered shoes); transfer samples in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Transferring culture samples to glassware </td><td> Breakage of glassware; biological exposure</td><td>Injury from broken glassware; handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested</td><td>Internal training is compulsory. Handle glassware over the lab bench (or in the biosafety cabinet); wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); transfer samples in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Routine maintenance of bacteria culture</td><td>Biological exposure, breakage of glassware</td><td>Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested</td><td>Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work in a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet. Wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90.</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Single day experiements using bacteria culture (students)</td><td>Biological exposure; breakage of glassware</td><td>Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested</td><td>Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work at the lab bench over absorbant materials; wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90.</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>5</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>0</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
 </div>
 </div>
@@ Line 376: / Line 383: @@
 <strong>Protocol assessment</strong>
 <div>
-<p>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Remove and discard old media. Avoid disturbing the adhered cells.</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,</td><td>Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury</td><td>All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Wash flask/dish with 10 ml of DMEM (-), then remove. Avoid washing off cells.</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,</td><td>Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury</td><td>All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Trypsinize the cells by adding 2 ml of DMEM (-) and 1ml of trypsin. Swirl the flask/dish, then incubate for 4 – 7 minutes.</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,</td><td>Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury</td><td>All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Add 10 ml of DMEM (+) to stop the action of trypsin, then wash the flask/dish to wash off more cells. Transfer the cells into a 15 ml Falcon tube.</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,</td><td>Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury</td><td>All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>5</td><td>Spin down cells by centrifuging at room temperature (25oC), 800 rpm for 5 minutes. After centrifuging, pour out the media without disturbing the cell pellet. Resuspend cell pellet with 1 ml DMEM (+) by pipetting up and down at least 10 – 15 times. Split cells into new culture dish/flask at the desired and recommended density (usually ~30-40% for cell maintenance).</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens, injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>Internal training is compulsory for centrifuge use and the centrifuge key.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand. When using the centrifuge, ensure centrifuge is balanced and rotor is placed correctly, and that all tubes are capped tightly. Close centrifuge properly and ensure that there are no funny sounds when centrifuge is running. Decontaminate waste using Presept tablets (dilute to 10% solution of activaed bleach to kill cells) and let the bleach decontaminate for half an hour before discarding with plenty of water and dilution.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
-</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <!--Clearing_Biohazard_Waste-->
-<div id="Clearing_Biohazard_Waste">
+<!--<div id="Clearing_Biohazard_Waste">
 <strong>Link to protocol</strong>
 <div>
@@ Line 397: / Line 410: @@
 </p>
 </div>
-</div>
+</div>-->
-<!--Freezing_down_cells-->
+<!--Freezing_down_cells_Done-->
 <div id="Freezing_down_cells">
 <strong>Link to protocol</strong>
@@ Line 410: / Line 423: @@
 <strong>Protocol assessment</strong>
 <div>
-<p>
+<style type="text/css">
+	table.tableizer-table {
+	border: 1px solid #CCC; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
+	font-size: 12px;
+}
+.tableizer-table td {
+	padding: 4px;
+	margin: 3px;
+	border: 1px solid #ccc;
+}
+.tableizer-table th {
+	background-color: #104E8B;
+	color: #FFF;
+	font-weight: bold;
+}
+</style><table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Heat agarose powder in TAE buffer until dissolved. Cool agarose to 50 degrees and add ethinum bromide (EB). </td><td>Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes</td><td>Spillage of heated agarose</td><td>A work bench is specially allocated for DNA gel electrophoresis. Sybr Safe is used as it is not as toxic as Etbr. Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, mask). Heat agarose slowly to avoid boiling and spillage out of the flask. Sybr safe solution is added to the flask in a fume hood after the agarose has cooled to reduce the chance of producing vapors. </td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Pour the agarose into the casting tray and allow the gel to solidify over 30 minutes.</td><td>Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes</td><td>Spillage of heated agarose</td><td>Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, mask). Casting tray is contained in appropriate trays to contain any accidental spillage. Handle hot flask of agarose with a heatprooof glove.</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Remove gel tray and fillthe electrophoresis apparatus with TAE buffer. Load the DNA sample and resolve through the gel </td><td>Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes; electrical hazard</td><td>Electric shock may occur if connecting and disconnecting the apparatus without powering off the machine. Accidental physical contact with Sybr Safe containing agarose gel </td><td>Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat). All procedures are performed with electrophoresis equipment contained within appropriate trays to contain any accidental spillage.  Connect and disconnect the apparatus only when it is powered off. Do not touch the apparatus while the gel is running.</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>5</td><td>Visualize the gel under UV light. Discard gel for incineration at medical waste disposal plant.</td><td>Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes; biological hazard- UV light is mutagenic</td><td>Electric shock may occur if connecting and disconnecting the apparatus without powering off the machine. Accidental physical contact with Sybr Safe containing agarose gel </td><td>Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, UV resistant goggles). </td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
-</p>
 </div>
 </div>
-<!--Making_Bacterial_Media-->
+<!--Making_Bacterial_Media_Done-->
 <div id="Making_Bacterial_Media">
 <strong>Link to protocol</strong>
@@ Line 427: / Line 460: @@
 <strong>Protocol assessment</strong>
 <div>
-<p>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Weigh out Lennox Broth/Miller Broth solid: 15g/L, add 10g/L agar for (1%) agar. (From scratch, weigh 1% peptone, 0.5% yeast extract, and 1% NaCl. ( NaCl 10 g/L, Peptone 10 g/L,  Yeast extract 5 g/L) LB broth suggested to be pH 7-7.2 (adjust with 1N NaOH). ). Add Bacterial agarose for 10g/L agar (1%).</td><td>Spillage of media</td><td>Accidental inhalation or ingestion of media powder. </td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Add Milliq water to media bottles. Cap tightly and shake throughly, making sure that the solid is all well distributed in solution. Loosen caps by a full turn and place a piece of dog-eared autoclave tape on the bottle. Never autoclave flammable liquids or tightly capped bottles.</td><td>Spillage of media</td><td>Accidental inhalation or ingestion of media powder. </td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Turn on the autoclave. Ensure that enough water is in the bottle, and in the bottom of autoclave, drain bottle empty, drain valve closed. Top up with Milliq water as required.Turn the autoclave machine to agar sterilisation mode, place balanced autoclave baskets of media bottles in the autoclave. Do not close the autoclave machine by hand. Use machine controls to close machine and start heating cycle.</td><td>Electric shock, heat burns, explosion</td><td>Heat or electrical burns from autoclave.</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>After the autoclave cycle is over and has cooled down, press the open button on the machine and let machine open and cool for 15 minutes. Using heatproof gloves, lift the autoclave basket onto trolley and push trolley into main lab area. Allow the agar to cool overnight before capping tightly and sealing with parafilm.</td><td>Electric shock, heat burns from steam</td><td>Heat burns from hot steam</td><td>wear proper PPE (goggles, gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Stand back when autoclave opens and allow steam to escape and machine to cool for 15min before removing baskets. Use heatproof gloves to handle autoclave baskets.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
-</p>
 </div>
 </div>
-<!--Plasmid_Making-->
+<!--Miniprep of Plasmid DNA_Done-->
 <div id="Plasmid_Making">
 <strong>Link to protocol</strong>
 <div>
 <p>
-<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/31/SPSingapore_Protocols_Plasmid_Making.pdf" target="_blank">Plasmid Making</a>
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/31/SPSingapore_Protocols_Plasmid_Making.pdf" target="_blank">Miniprep of Plasmid DNA</a>
 </p>
@@ Line 444: / Line 482: @@
 <strong>Protocol assessment</strong>
 <div>
-<p>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Inoculate bateria in 3mL of LB+antibiotic to grow for 16 hours at 37 degrees in a shaking incubator.</td><td>Biological exposure, breakage of glassware</td><td>Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested</td><td>Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work in a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet. Wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Pellet Bacteria in 1.5mL tubes in a microcentrifuge at maximum speed for 5 minutes. Pour away the LB media into a waste containter containing 10% bleach.</td><td>Biological exposure</td><td>Spillage of bacteria culture.</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Resuspend the bacterial cells in Resuspension solution, vortexing lightly to ensure pellet is fully resuspended in solution. Add Lysis buffer and incubate till solution is clear and there is no cloudy bacteria for 2 minutes. Add Neutralisation solution and invert 4-6 times to mix immediately.</td><td>Biological exposure</td><td>Spillage of bacteria culture, and buffers</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Pellet the lysed bacteria by centrifugation for  5 minutes. Run the flow through in DNA binding columns.</td><td>Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>5</td><td>Add wash buffer to wash through the colomns and precipitate DNA. Centrifuge for 1 min, then pour out the remaining wash buffer in the tube. Centrifuge for a further 2 minutes to dry the coloumn.</td><td>Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>6</td><td>Add 30-50ul of nuclease free water to the column. Spin down the DNA and quantify concentration using the Thermo Scientific nanodrop.</td><td>Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
-</p>
 </div>
 </div>
-<!--Subculturing_for_adherent_cell_lines-->
+<!--Subculturing_for_adherent_cell_lines_Done-->
 <div id="Subculturing_for_adherent_cell_lines">
 <strong>Link to protocol</strong>
@@ Line 460: / Line 505: @@
 </div>
 <strong>Protocol assessment</strong>
+<div>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Remove and discard old media. Avoid disturbing the adhered cells.</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,</td><td>Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury</td><td>All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Wash flask/dish with 10 ml of DMEM (-), then remove. Avoid washing off cells.</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,</td><td>Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury</td><td>All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Trypsinize the cells by adding 2 ml of DMEM (-) and 1ml of trypsin. Swirl the flask/dish, then incubate for 4 – 7 minutes.</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,</td><td>Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury</td><td>All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Add 10 ml of DMEM (+) to stop the action of trypsin, then wash the flask/dish to wash off more cells. Transfer the cells into a 15 ml Falcon tube.</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,</td><td>Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury</td><td>All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>5</td><td>Spin down cells by centrifuging at room temperature (25oC), 800 rpm for 5 minutes. After centrifuging, pour out the media without disturbing the cell pellet. Resuspend cell pellet with 1 ml DMEM (+) by pipetting up and down at least 10 – 15 times. Split cells into new culture dish/flask at the desired and recommended density (usually ~30-40% for cell maintenance).</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens, injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>Internal training is compulsory for centrifuge use and the centrifuge key.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand. When using the centrifuge, ensure centrifuge is balanced and rotor is placed correctly, and that all tubes are capped tightly. Close centrifuge properly and ensure that there are no funny sounds when centrifuge is running. Decontaminate waste using Presept tablets (dilute to 10% solution of activaed bleach to kill cells) and let the bleach decontaminate for half an hour before discarding with plenty of water and dilution.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--Ligation Protocol with T4 DNA ligase-->
+<div id="Ligation_Protocol_with_DNA_ligase">
+<strong>Link to protocol</strong>
 <div>
 <p>
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/f/f4/SPSingapore_Protocols_Ligation_Protocol_with_T4_DNA_Ligase.pdf" target="_blank">Ligation Protocol with T4 DNA ligase</a>
 </p>
 </div>
+<strong>Protocol assessment</strong>
+<div>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Adjust Thermocycler to 16 degrees hold.</td><td>Electric shock</td><td>Possibility of electric shock</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)/</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Add aliquots of cut vector and insert to water and T4 ligase buffer in a 0.2mL pcr tube.</td><td>Biological exposure</td><td>Spillage of buffer and DNA</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)/</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Lightly centrifuge the pcr tube in a microcentrifuge. Add an appropriate volume of ligase and centrifuge again.</td><td>Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>Internal training is compulsory.wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand. When using the centrifuge, ensure centrifuge is balanced and rotor is placed correctly, and that all tubes are capped tightly. Close centrifuge properly and ensure that there are no funny sounds when centrifuge is running.</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Place pcr tube into thermocycler and ligate overnight at 16 degrees.</td><td>Biological exposure</td><td>Spillage of buffer and DNA</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)/</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
 </div>
+</div>
+<!--Antibiotic Preparation-->
+<div id="Antibiotic_Preparation">
+<strong>Link to protocol</strong>
+<div>
+<p>
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/c0/SPSingapore_Protocols_Antibiotic_Preparation.pdf" target="_blank">Antibiotic Preparation</a>
+</p>
+</div>
+<strong>Protocol assessment</strong>
+<div>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Weigh out antibiotics in a blue falcon tube. Prepare atibotic concentrations to 100ug/mL.</td><td>Spillage of antibiotics</td><td>Accidental inhalation or ingestion of antibiotics</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Add Milliq water to blue falcon tube. Vortex and allow to incubate at room temperature till antibiotics are dissolved.</td><td>Spillage of antibiotics</td><td>Accidental inhalation or ingestion of antibiotics</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Filter the antibiotics through a 0.2um filter using a sterile syringe in the bacterial BSC. Prepare aliquots of 250ul or less of antibiotics as working stock for concentration saccording to the antibiotic concentrations listed in the recommended amounts  and store in antibiotics drawer in the -20 fridge.</td><td>Spillage of antibiotics</td><td>Accidental inhalation or ingestion of antibiotics</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--Agarose Electrophoresis-->
+<div id="Agarose_Electrophoresis">
+<strong>Protocol assessment</strong>
+<div>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Heat agarose powder in TAE buffer until dissolved. Cool agarose to 50 degrees and add ethinum bromide (EB). </td><td>Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes</td><td>Spillage of heated agarose</td><td>A work bench is specially allocated for DNA gel electrophoresis. Sybr Safe is used as it is not as toxic as Etbr. Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, mask). Heat agarose slowly to avoid boiling and spillage out of the flask. Sybr safe solution is added to the flask in a fume hood after the agarose has cooled to reduce the chance of producing vapors. </td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Pour the agarose into the casting tray and allow the gel to solidify over 30 minutes.</td><td>Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes</td><td>Spillage of heated agarose</td><td>Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, mask). Casting tray is contained in appropriate trays to contain any accidental spillage. Handle hot flask of agarose with a heatprooof glove.</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Remove gel tray and fillthe electrophoresis apparatus with TAE buffer. Load the DNA sample and resolve through the gel </td><td>Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes; electrical hazard</td><td>Electric shock may occur if connecting and disconnecting the apparatus without powering off the machine. Accidental physical contact with Sybr Safe containing agarose gel </td><td>Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat). All procedures are performed with electrophoresis equipment contained within appropriate trays to contain any accidental spillage.  Connect and disconnect the apparatus only when it is powered off. Do not touch the apparatus while the gel is running.</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>5</td><td>Visualize the gel under UV light. Discard gel for incineration at medical waste disposal plant.</td><td>Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes; biological hazard- UV light is mutagenic</td><td>Electric shock may occur if connecting and disconnecting the apparatus without powering off the machine. Accidental physical contact with Sybr Safe containing agarose gel </td><td>Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, UV resistant goggles). </td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--Microscopy-->
+<div id="Microscopy">
+<strong>Protocol assessment</strong>
+<div>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Cleaning the glass slide with detergent.</td><td> 1) Breakage of the glass slide; 2)naturally sharp edges on the glass slide.</td><td>Injury from broken slide or sharp edges</td><td>Handle glassware over the lab bench; wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); the usual precautions outlined in the "Use of Laboratory Glassware" SOP must be taken.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Transferring sample to the glass slide.</td><td> Breakage of glass slide.</td><td>Injury from broken slide.</td><td>Handle glassware over the lab bench; wear proper PPE; the usual precautions outlined in the "Use of Laboratory Glassware" SOP must be taken.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Overlay sample with a glass cover slip.</td><td>Dropping the cover slip onto the bench top or floor.</td><td>Breaking the glass coverslip when retrieving it & subsequent injury.</td><td>Wear proper PPE; use a brush and dustpan to retrieve the glass coverslip (do not attempt to use the coverslip- discard it into the glass waste).</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Transferring the glass slide to/from the microscope for viewing.</td><td>1) finger pinched (or cut) by the stage clip; 2) breakage of glass slide</td><td>Injury to fingers (pinch or cut).</td><td>1) Use both hands to position the slide, wear proper PPE; 2) handle glassware over the lab bench and use the precautions as outlined in the "Use of Laboratory Glassware" SOP.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>5</td><td>Looking through the eye piece to observe samples.</td><td>1) Accidental knocking of the one's head onto the eye piece; 2) backlight too intense </td><td>Injury of the eye.</td><td>1) Position hands around the eye pieces to help serve as a guide for lowering your head and eyes; 2) before viewing the sample, reduce the backlight to zero, then look into the eyepieces and raise the light intensity.</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>6</td><td>Leaving the backlight on to view the sample.</td><td>Overheating of microscope parts due to the backlight.</td><td>Slight burns upon skin contact with the heated light element.</td><td>Switch off backlights whenever not in use.</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>7</td><td>(Optional) Viewing fluorescence using the mercury lamp (aka Intensilight)  </td><td>Physical hazard- Mercury lamps release extremely potent and visible UV radiation.</td><td>Injury of the eye and skin.</td><td>Avoid looking at the microscope stage and slide directly- always view them through the UV light shield; note the number of hours the mercury lamp has been used (shown on the unit itself)- going beyond its expected lifespan (~2000 hrs) is an increased fire risk (see Nikon Intensilight manual).</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
 </div>