Difference between revisions of "Team:SPSingapore/home"

Latest revision as of 16:19, 8 September 2015

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Home

Kenneth Lim Kun Ming

Research Interest: Bioinformatics, Genetic analysis Random fact: Is apparently Schrˆdinger's Biologist

Clarice Hong Kit Yee

Research Interest: genetics, RNA, cancer Past research projects: (can't rmb, tell you later)

Current project: Differential roles of SALL4A and SALL4B in HCC

Wong Chi Yan

Research Interest: Microbiology, molecular biology, proteomics

Past research project: Genetic studies on Salmonella biofilms

Current project: Role of fumarase and cysteine dehydrogenase in DNA damage response

Random fact: Likes statistics and playing volleyball :)

Yeo Xin Yi

Research Interests: Neurobiology, Neurosciences

Past research projects: Role of STAT in neuroinflammation and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease

Current research projects: Synaptic plasticity threshold in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, Role of WNK1 in neuronal survival and development

Random fact: Blah ~

Tan Yi Han

Research Interests: Pathogens, Immunology, Synthetic biology

Past research projects: Genetic studies on plant pathogenic fungi, Drug screening for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Current project: Characterisation of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from liver abscess

Random fact: Knits and bakes in spare time. =)

Hee Yanting

Research Interests: RNA, genomics, epigenetics

Past research projects: microRNA as a potential therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer, Characterising LPA1 antagonists using calcium imaging

Current project: The role and targeting of EZH2 in lymphoma

Random fact: Plays the erhu and self-learning cello and classical guitar

Adrian Tan Hong Ji

Research Interest: Genetic Engineering, Cancer, Immunology

Random fact: 500 Hours in Terraria

Soong Yun Ting

Research Interests: Proteomics, Past research projects: Genetic studies on Salmonella biofilms

Current project: Identification of protein players in metastasis

Random fact: Plays the harmonica

Nguyen Duy

Research Interest: Pharmacoinfomatics, Bioinformatics, Neurosciences

Past research project: Genetic linkage analysis of asthma

Current project: Neurodegeneration of Drosophila Melanogaster.

Random fact: 0 hour in Terraria

Leslie

Leslie Gapter

Dr. Leslie is trained as a molecular biologist and her dissertation focused on breast development and tumorigenesis. Leslie joined NUS in 2005 and her past research has focused on analyzing botanical products for breast and prostate cancer treatment.

In 2008, Leslie became a full time scientific writer at the Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, before moving into her current position as a Lecturer in 2010. Leslie teaches 'The Cell' module, which examines the universal mechanics and functions of cells from an integrated science perspective, for the Special Program in Science.

Linda

Linda J Kenney

Dr Kenney is a Professor of Microbiology at the University of Illinois-Chicago. Her laboratory studies two-component systems in bacteria that control gene expression at a single cell and nanometer level.

Stuti

Stuti Desai

She joined the Kenney group in May, 2012 with a strong urge to amalgamate her doctoral training in studying silent genetic systems in enterics to decipher the behavior of bacteria under various environmental challenges. She obtained her doctorate from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, under the guidance of Prof Subramony Mahadevan. She studied Biochemistry for my Master's degree and Chemistry, Physics and Zoology for her Bachelor's degree at the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Baroda, India.

Introduction

For description

Esa Quorum sensing

Invasin + lysteriolysin

FNR hypoxic promoter

Design

For design

Restriction Digest with NEB enzymes
PCR Purification
Transfection-Expression
Cloning
Cell Number and Viability Determination
Freezing down cells
Making Bacterial Media
Miniprep of plasmid DNA
Subculturing for adherent cell lines
Ligation Protocol with T4 DNA ligase
Antibiotic Preparation
Agarose Electrophoresis

Link to protocol

Restriction Digest with NEB enzymes

Risk assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Adjust Water bath to 37 degrees.	Electric shock, heat shock	Possibility of electric shock	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)	1	1	1
2	Add aliquots of DNA to water and Cut Smart buffer in a 1.5mL centrifuge tube.	Biological exposure	Spillage of buffer and DNA	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)	1	1	1
3	Lightly centrifuge the centrifuge tube in a microcentrifuge. Add an appropriate volume of NEB restriction enzymes and centrifuge again.	Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	Internal training is compulsory.wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand. When using the centrifuge, ensure centrifuge is balanced and rotor is placed correctly, and that all tubes are capped tightly. Close centrifuge properly and ensure that there are no funny sounds when centrifuge is running.	1	1	1
4	Place 1.5mL tube into waterbath and digest for 2 hours at 37 degrees. When Restriction digest is done, take thetube out and stop reaction by adding Purple loading dye and cooling on ice.	Electric shock, heat shock	Spillage of buffer and DNA	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)	1	1	1

Link to protocol

PCR Purification

Risk assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Adjust Water bath to 55 degrees to preheat.	Electric shock, heat shock	Possibility of electric shock	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day.	1	1	1
2	Excise gel slices with DNA of the correct band into a 1.5mL centrufuge tube, add an appropriate volume of DNA binding buffer and melt the gel slice by incubation in the water bath at 55 degrees. Add a equal volume of DNA binding buffer to a completed pcr reation.	Biological exposure	Spillage of buffer and DNA	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day.	1	1	1
3	Add the melted agarose in DNA binding buffer or pcr reaction and DNA binding buffer to DNA bidning columns resting in 1.5mL tubes. Centrifuge the tube in a microcentrifuge and allow the DNA mixtiure to flow through.	Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.	1	1	1
4	Add wash buffer to wash through the colomns and precipitate DNA. Centrifuge for 1 min, then pour out the remaining wash buffer in the tube. Centrifuge for a further 5 minutes to dry the coloumn.	Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.	1	1	1
5	Add 30-50ul of nuclease free water to the column, and incubate the columns in the 55 degrees water bath for 5 minutes. Spin down the DNA and quantify concentration using the Thermo Scientific nanodrop.	Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.	1	1	1

Link to protocol

TransfectionExpression

Risk assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Transferring aliquot of competent E.coli (dH5a or BL21 from Life Technologies) from -80 C to thaw on ice with an appropriate aliquot of plasmid (100ng) for 30min.	Skin contact with extremely cold materials; biological exposure	Cold burn injury; handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested	Internal training is compulsory. Handle materials from -80 C using insulated / thermal gloves (or double layer latex gloves); wear proper PPE (safety goggles, lab coat, covered shoes); transfer samples in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	2	1	1
2	Adjust water bath to 42 degrees.	Electric shock, heat burns	Possibility of electric shock	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)/	1	1	1
3	Heatshock bacteria for 30 seconds exactly at 42degrees	Biological exposure, Electric shock, heat burns	Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested	Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work in a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet. Wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90. Have training on how to manage biological spill with appropriate spill kit reagetns (10% bleach or 70% Ethanol)	1	2	2
4	Reviive bacteria at 37degrees with shaking for 1 hour.	Biological exposure to bacteria	Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested	Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work in a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet. Wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90. Have training on how to manage biological spill with appropriate spill kit reagetns (10% bleach or 70% Ethanol)	1	2	2
5	Plate bacteria on LB+ appropriate antibiotic for selection, grow overnight in a small bacteria incubator.	Biological exposure to bacteria	Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested	Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work in a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet. Wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90. Have training on how to manage biological spill with appropriate spill kit reagetns (10% bleach or 70% Ethanol)	1	2	2

Link to protocol

Cloning

Risk assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Transferring bacteria from glycerol stock stored @ -80 C to plastic culture tubes	Skin contact with extremely cold materials; biological exposure	Cold burn injury; handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested	Internal training is compulsory. Handle materials from -80 C using insulated / thermal gloves (or double layer latex gloves); wear proper PPE (safety goggles, lab coat, covered shoes); transfer samples in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	2	1	1
2	Transferring culture samples to glassware	Breakage of glassware; biological exposure	Injury from broken glassware; handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested	Internal training is compulsory. Handle glassware over the lab bench (or in the biosafety cabinet); wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); transfer samples in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	1	2	1
3	Routine maintenance of bacteria culture	Biological exposure, breakage of glassware	Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested	Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work in a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet. Wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90.	1	2	2
4	Single day experiements using bacteria culture (students)	Biological exposure; breakage of glassware	Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested	Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work at the lab bench over absorbant materials; wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90.	1	2	2
5							0

Link to protocol

Cell Number and Viability Determination

Risk assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Cleaning the glass slide with detergent.	1) Breakage of the glass slide; 2)naturally sharp edges on the glass slide.	Injury from broken slide or sharp edges	Handle glassware over the lab bench; wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); the usual precautions outlined in the "Use of Laboratory Glassware" SOP must be taken.	1	1	1
2	Transferring sample to the glass slide.	Breakage of glass slide.	Injury from broken slide.	Handle glassware over the lab bench; wear proper PPE; the usual precautions outlined in the "Use of Laboratory Glassware" SOP must be taken.	1	1	1
3	Overlay sample with a glass cover slip.	Dropping the cover slip onto the bench top or floor.	Breaking the glass coverslip when retrieving it & subsequent injury.	Wear proper PPE; use a brush and dustpan to retrieve the glass coverslip (do not attempt to use the coverslip- discard it into the glass waste).	1	2	2
4	Transferring the glass slide to/from the microscope for viewing.	1) finger pinched (or cut) by the stage clip; 2) breakage of glass slide	Injury to fingers (pinch or cut).	1) Use both hands to position the slide, wear proper PPE; 2) handle glassware over the lab bench and use the precautions as outlined in the "Use of Laboratory Glassware" SOP.	1	1	1
5	Looking through the eye piece to observe samples.	1) Accidental knocking of the one's head onto the eye piece; 2) backlight too intense	Injury of the eye.	1) Position hands around the eye pieces to help serve as a guide for lowering your head and eyes; 2) before viewing the sample, reduce the backlight to zero, then look into the eyepieces and raise the light intensity.	2	1	2
6	Leaving the backlight on to view the sample.	Overheating of microscope parts due to the backlight.	Slight burns upon skin contact with the heated light element.	Switch off backlights whenever not in use.	2	1	2
7	(Optional) Viewing fluorescence using the mercury lamp (aka Intensilight)	Physical hazard- Mercury lamps release extremely potent and visible UV radiation.	Injury of the eye and skin.	Avoid looking at the microscope stage and slide directly- always view them through the UV light shield; note the number of hours the mercury lamp has been used (shown on the unit itself)- going beyond its expected lifespan (~2000 hrs) is an increased fire risk (see Nikon Intensilight manual).	2	1	2

Link to protocol

Freezing down cells

Risk assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Grow your cells in a large plate (150 mm) to a confluent monolayer.	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,	Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury	All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	1	1	2
2	Prepare 10 ml of cryo media. This is just 95% FBS and 5% DMSO. In a 15 ml tube, add 10 ml FBS and 0.555 ml DMSO. Mix well.	Spillage and exposure to DMSO which is an irritant	Eye contact with DMSO may cause blurry vision, burning sensation, redness, tearing, and vasodilation.	Wear proper PPE (goggles, gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; dispose of any spillage using the Chemical Spill SOPs.	1	1	2
3	You will need to wash with ~20 ml of media, and use 5 ml of trypsin (3 ml media, 2 ml trypsin). Collect the trypsin/cells into a 50 ml tube (instead of 15 ml, using 5 ml serological pipette), and wash the plate with 20 ml of serum-containing media. After you remove the media from your cells, resuspend the pellet in the 10 ml of cryo media. Aliquot 1 ml of this into each of the 10 cryotubes.	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens, injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury. Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	Internal training is compulsory for centrifuge use and the centrifuge key. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand. When using the centrifuge, ensure centrifuge is balanced and rotor is placed correctly, and that all tubes are capped tightly. Close centrifuge properly and ensure that there are no funny sounds when centrifuge is running. Decontaminate waste using Presept tablets (dilute to 10% solution of activaed bleach to kill cells) and let the bleach decontaminate for half an hour before discarding with plenty of water and dilution.	1	1	2
4	Put the tubes into the Mr. Frosty and place in the -80ºC freezer. Keep in the freezer for 24 – 48 hours.	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,	Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury	All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	1	1	2

Link to protocol

Making Bacterial Media

Risk assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Weigh out Lennox Broth/Miller Broth solid: 15g/L, add 10g/L agar for (1%) agar. (From scratch, weigh 1% peptone, 0.5% yeast extract, and 1% NaCl. ( NaCl 10 g/L, Peptone 10 g/L, Yeast extract 5 g/L) LB broth suggested to be pH 7-7.2 (adjust with 1N NaOH). ). Add Bacterial agarose for 10g/L agar (1%).	Spillage of media	Accidental inhalation or ingestion of media powder.	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).	1	1	1
2	Add Milliq water to media bottles. Cap tightly and shake throughly, making sure that the solid is all well distributed in solution. Loosen caps by a full turn and place a piece of dog-eared autoclave tape on the bottle. Never autoclave flammable liquids or tightly capped bottles.	Spillage of media	Accidental inhalation or ingestion of media powder.	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).	1	1	1
3	Turn on the autoclave. Ensure that enough water is in the bottle, and in the bottom of autoclave, drain bottle empty, drain valve closed. Top up with Milliq water as required.Turn the autoclave machine to agar sterilisation mode, place balanced autoclave baskets of media bottles in the autoclave. Do not close the autoclave machine by hand. Use machine controls to close machine and start heating cycle.	Electric shock, heat burns, explosion	Heat or electrical burns from autoclave.	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).	1	1	1
3	After the autoclave cycle is over and has cooled down, press the open button on the machine and let machine open and cool for 15 minutes. Using heatproof gloves, lift the autoclave basket onto trolley and push trolley into main lab area. Allow the agar to cool overnight before capping tightly and sealing with parafilm.	Electric shock, heat burns from steam	Heat burns from hot steam	wear proper PPE (goggles, gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Stand back when autoclave opens and allow steam to escape and machine to cool for 15min before removing baskets. Use heatproof gloves to handle autoclave baskets.	1	1	1

Link to protocol

Miniprep of Plasmid DNA

Risk assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Inoculate bateria in 3mL of LB+antibiotic to grow for 16 hours at 37 degrees in a shaking incubator.	Biological exposure, breakage of glassware	Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested	Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work in a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet. Wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90.	1	1	1
2	Pellet Bacteria in 1.5mL tubes in a microcentrifuge at maximum speed for 5 minutes. Pour away the LB media into a waste containter containing 10% bleach.	Biological exposure	Spillage of bacteria culture.	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day.	1	1	1
3	Resuspend the bacterial cells in Resuspension solution, vortexing lightly to ensure pellet is fully resuspended in solution. Add Lysis buffer and incubate till solution is clear and there is no cloudy bacteria for 2 minutes. Add Neutralisation solution and invert 4-6 times to mix immediately.	Biological exposure	Spillage of bacteria culture, and buffers	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day.	1	1	1
4	Pellet the lysed bacteria by centrifugation for 5 minutes. Run the flow through in DNA binding columns.	Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.	1	1	1
5	Add wash buffer to wash through the colomns and precipitate DNA. Centrifuge for 1 min, then pour out the remaining wash buffer in the tube. Centrifuge for a further 2 minutes to dry the coloumn.	Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.	1	1	1
6	Add 30-50ul of nuclease free water to the column. Spin down the DNA and quantify concentration using the Thermo Scientific nanodrop.	Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.	1	1	1

Link to protocol

Subculturing for adherent cell lines

Risk assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Remove and discard old media. Avoid disturbing the adhered cells.	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,	Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury	All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	1	1	2
2	Wash flask/dish with 10 ml of DMEM (-), then remove. Avoid washing off cells.	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,	Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury	All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	1	1	2
3	Trypsinize the cells by adding 2 ml of DMEM (-) and 1ml of trypsin. Swirl the flask/dish, then incubate for 4 – 7 minutes.	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,	Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury	All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	1	1	2
4	Add 10 ml of DMEM (+) to stop the action of trypsin, then wash the flask/dish to wash off more cells. Transfer the cells into a 15 ml Falcon tube.	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,	Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury	All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.	1	1	2
5	Spin down cells by centrifuging at room temperature (25oC), 800 rpm for 5 minutes. After centrifuging, pour out the media without disturbing the cell pellet. Resuspend cell pellet with 1 ml DMEM (+) by pipetting up and down at least 10 – 15 times. Split cells into new culture dish/flask at the desired and recommended density (usually ~30-40% for cell maintenance).	Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens, injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	Internal training is compulsory for centrifuge use and the centrifuge key. wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand. When using the centrifuge, ensure centrifuge is balanced and rotor is placed correctly, and that all tubes are capped tightly. Close centrifuge properly and ensure that there are no funny sounds when centrifuge is running. Decontaminate waste using Presept tablets (dilute to 10% solution of activaed bleach to kill cells) and let the bleach decontaminate for half an hour before discarding with plenty of water and dilution.	1	1	2

Link to protocol

Ligation Protocol with T4 DNA ligase

Risk assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Adjust Thermocycler to 16 degrees hold.	Electric shock	Possibility of electric shock	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)/	1	1	1
2	Add aliquots of cut vector and insert to water and T4 ligase buffer in a 0.2mL pcr tube.	Biological exposure	Spillage of buffer and DNA	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)/	1	1	1
3	Lightly centrifuge the pcr tube in a microcentrifuge. Add an appropriate volume of ligase and centrifuge again.	Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers	Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers	Internal training is compulsory.wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand. When using the centrifuge, ensure centrifuge is balanced and rotor is placed correctly, and that all tubes are capped tightly. Close centrifuge properly and ensure that there are no funny sounds when centrifuge is running.	1	2	2
4	Place pcr tube into thermocycler and ligate overnight at 16 degrees.	Biological exposure	Spillage of buffer and DNA	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)/	1	2	2

Link to protocol

Antibiotic Preparation

Risk assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Weigh out antibiotics in a blue falcon tube. Prepare atibotic concentrations to 100ug/mL.	Spillage of antibiotics	Accidental inhalation or ingestion of antibiotics	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).	1	1	1
2	Add Milliq water to blue falcon tube. Vortex and allow to incubate at room temperature till antibiotics are dissolved.	Spillage of antibiotics	Accidental inhalation or ingestion of antibiotics	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).	1	1	1
3	Filter the antibiotics through a 0.2um filter using a sterile syringe in the bacterial BSC. Prepare aliquots of 250ul or less of antibiotics as working stock for concentration saccording to the antibiotic concentrations listed in the recommended amounts and store in antibiotics drawer in the -20 fridge.	Spillage of antibiotics	Accidental inhalation or ingestion of antibiotics	wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).	1	1	1

Risk assessment

No	Desription/Details of Steps in Activity	Hazards	Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk	Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)	Severity	Likelihood (Probability)	Risk Level
1	Heat agarose powder in TAE buffer until dissolved. Cool agarose to 50 degrees and add Sybr Safe DNA stain.	Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes	Spillage of heated agarose	A work bench is specially allocated for DNA gel electrophoresis. Sybr Safe is used as it is not as toxic as Etbr. Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, mask). Heat agarose slowly to avoid boiling and spillage out of the flask. Sybr safe solution is added to the flask in a fume hood after the agarose has cooled to reduce the chance of producing vapors.	2	1	2
2	Pour the agarose into the casting tray and allow the gel to solidify over 30 minutes.	Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes	Spillage of heated agarose	Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, mask). Casting tray is contained in appropriate trays to contain any accidental spillage. Handle hot flask of agarose with a heatprooof glove.	2	1	2
3	Remove gel tray and fillthe electrophoresis apparatus with TAE buffer. Load the DNA sample and resolve through the gel	Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes; electrical hazard	Electric shock may occur if connecting and disconnecting the apparatus without powering off the machine. Accidental physical contact with Sybr Safe containing agarose gel	Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat). All procedures are performed with electrophoresis equipment contained within appropriate trays to contain any accidental spillage. Connect and disconnect the apparatus only when it is powered off. Do not touch the apparatus while the gel is running.	2	1	2
5	Visualize the gel under UV light. Discard gel for incineration at medical waste disposal plant.	Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes; biological hazard- UV light is mutagenic	Electric shock may occur if connecting and disconnecting the apparatus without powering off the machine. Accidental physical contact with Sybr Safe containing agarose gel	Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, UV resistant goggles).	2	1	2

Team part

For Team part

Basic part

For basic part

Composite part

For composite part

Part collection

For part collection

notebook

esaGFP quorum sensing [Adrian, Clarice, Kenneth] Invasin + Listeriolysin [YanTing, YunTing] Maintenance FNRgfp [YiHan, ChiYan]

Yi Han

Received 2 bacterial stab cultures, EsaR/I plasmid from addgene (CHL) and BBa_K299812 from iGEM HQ.

Streaked out on plates with amp.

Adrian

Transformed:

+Kit plate 1 9N Ba_K763002 chl

+Kit plate 4 13L BBa_E0040 amp

DNa was received in powder form in plates, and resuspended in 10ul ultrapure H2O respectively. Plates were stored in -20/

Yi Han

Plates cracked in incubator as they dried from lack of humidity.

Transfer to small incubator with beaker of water for humidity no single colonies for inv plasmid -> streak again.

Wrong antibiotic for EsaR/I plasmid-> streak out again

Yi Han

Inoculate single colony of invasin plasmid carrying bacteria in 3mL LB+amp

Transformation of 13L repeated with 1ul of DNA.

Xin Yi

No colonies grew for 13L on all plates ->adjust incubator, make new media

Miniprep of inoculated bacteria for invasin plasmid, incubate sample in 37degC for 1h 20min

RE of invasin plasmid	RE control
Rsal 1ul	Rsal 0 ul
EcoRI 1 ul	EcoRI 0 ul
INv plasmid 7.5ul	Inv plasmid 7.5 ul
H2O 35.5 ul	H2O 37.5 ul
NEB buffer 4.5 ul	Buffer 4.5 ul

29_05_gelRun

Repeat transformation of 13L with 1ul

Xin Yi and Yi Han

Miniprep of EsaR/I plasmid for 4 colonies

Restriction digest for EsaR with XbaI/BamHI

RE reaction
5ul plasmid
5ul buffer
1ul XbaI
1ul BamHI
Add H2O to 50ul

Xin Yi

Sent EsaR clone 4 and INv-4 for sequencing.

Yi Han

YFP and GFP transformation results - no colonies for YFP

The GFP transformation repeated with 100ng of plasmid was sucessful.

4 colonies of gfp plasmid were inoculated in 3mL LB+amp and grown overnight.

Yi Han

Miniprep of gfp plasmids

RE digest with EcoRI and RsaI

Chi Yan
RE digest indicated a very faint smaller band for colonies 2-4, and hence these were likely to be positive clones

Yanting

Inoculated 3mLS of Inv-4 and EsaR-4 plasmid carrying bacteria into 100mL LB+ appropriate Antibiotic

Cell culture-> HEK293 cells revived from freezing down appeared detached.

Yi Han + Yanting

Storage of bacterial glycerol stocks for Inv-4, EsaR4 in 25% glycerol

Yanting: grew HEK293T cells in T25 glask

Gel extract to clean up gfp plasmids which loading dye had accidentally been added to.

Yi Han

Miniprep of gfp plasmids, preparation of samples for sequencing

Yi Han

All gfp plasmids had a correct sequence

Yunting kept glycerol stocok for all, and inoculation of 3mL of gfp3 into 100mL LB+amp for midiprep

Yi Han + Yunting

Midiprep of gfp plasmid PCR of gfp with KpnI-gfp and XhoI-gfp primers

Yunting + Duy

Nanodrop of gfp product-> 595.5ng/ul

RE digest of EsaR vector with KpnI/XHoI

Gel electrophoreseis at 1000V for 30min

Gel extraction: 3.9ng/ul and 6.9ng/ul for Esa fragment and GFP --> low yield

Yunting

Gel extraction using Promega binding solution to melt gel, followed by thermo scientific kit

Adrian

Gel extraction optimisation

Hypothesised that the Binding buffer has a problem/DNA does not bind to column

1: 2X promega binding buffer volume

2: Increase incubation time for binding to 5min

Switch binding buffer to that of thermo scientific PCR purification kit

Use sodium acetate if available? TO facilitate stronger binding to column

Results

1: ~10ng/ul

2: ~9ng/ul

not succesful

further optimisation-> warm buffer, incubate for 5min

elute in 30/20ul smaller volumes

Yihan

1: Thermoscientific miniprep columns with 2XThermoscientific binding buffer

2: Thermoscientific PCR purification kit 2X buffer

3: Promega kit 2X buffer

Yihan

PCR (mastermix: 8)

Reagent	Amount
PCR buffer	10 ul * 8 = 8-ul
primers	0.8ul, 0.8ul
DNA polymerase	4ul
dH2O	61.75 * 8 = 494ul
Templates	5.55*7 = 38.75ul

Digest more plasmid (Esa plasmid)

4 rxns ( KpnI/XhoI digest) 50ul each

Reagent	Amount
Buffer
KpnI	2ul
XhoI	2ul
DNA	34.8ul
H2O	141.2ul

Yihan

PCR

RP_XhoI_GFP and FP_KpnI_GFP with GFP midiprep

For 15 reactions with control .: Mastermix * 17

Reagent	Amount
PCR buffer	170ul
primers	1.7ul, 1.7ul
dNTP	34 ul
DNA polymerase	8.5 ul
dH2O	66.3*17 = 1127.1ul
templates	17ul
total	1360ul

PCR protocol “GFP 1” (32 cycles)

GFP PCR product -> 448ng/ul

Gel extraction

Qiagen gel extraction kit at MBI

Esa gel band from 14/6

Nanodrop: 16.4 ng/ul, 260/280 = 2.60

Plasmid construction

RE digest (KpnI, XhoI)
3 Replicates of the following

Reagent	Amount
DNA	2.6ul
Buffer	5ul
H2O	41.5ul
KpnI	0.5ul
XhoI	0.5ul

Ligation (2x reaction) 40ul

Reagent	Amount
10X T4 DNA ligase buffer	4ul
Vector DNA (16ng/ul)	100ng -> 6.25ul
insert DNA	75nl -> 12 ul
T4 DNA Ligase	2ul
H2O	16ul

Note: ALL digested DNA in tube labeled lacGFP.ligation was used

Nanodrop of ligation: 1114.0ng/ul. 260/280 = 3.7

Transformation

Transformation of ligated esa-GFP plasmid into DH5\alpha cells

DH5\alpha ,<- unlabelled brown vial inside DH5\alpha box at -80

Plates spread at 11:40h

LB + chloroamphenicol

+4x (100ul)

+10x (40ul)

+20x (20ul)

+LB - 20x (20ul)

remaining transformed cells (~220ul) are kept at 4C

--> labeled as placGFP in brown tube

Oservation: only 4x placGFP plate has colonies (7)

spread one new LB + chlor plate with 200ul of transformed bacteria

picked 6 colonies to grow for miniprep in LB + chl liq media

Conclusion:

+protocol works

+optimization for increase vol needed

cloning of synparts in amp vector

+comes as 4mg dry DNA

+40ul of DI/RNAse free H20

+for transformation, 150ml on wed

Unknown

Miniprep of placGFP followed by RE digest (Kpn, XhoI): 50 ul total

Reagent	Amount
Buffer	2.5ul
KpnI	<ILLEGIBLE>
XhoI	<ILLEGIBLE>
DNA	10
H2O	12025

Colony PCR for synparts

+ Failed

+ No specific <illegible> produced

+ Might need optimization

Yihan

RE digest (XhoI, KpnI) of esa and GFP

Yunting

Gel electrophoresis (100V, 40min)

+ Lane 2: gpf: no bands

+ Lane 3: 100bp ladder

+ Lane 4: blank

+ Lane 5: esa: 2 bands

+ Lane 6: 1kb ladder

+ Lane 7:blank

Optimizing gel extract protocol

+ RE GFP from PCR (directly RE)

+ promega agarose 1% gel

+ add NaAC in binding buffer

Result:

+ yield for cut plasmid was 12.8ng/ul

+ GFP was 8.6ng/ul

Ligation reaction 6 reactions

Reagent	Amount
Buffer	12ul
Vector	30ul
Insert	30ul

+ 6x ligation result transformed into competent DH5\alpha 20 ul, 50ul, 100ul plated on LB + chl

Yunting

Ligation of GFP tester plasmid.

Performed 4x ligation using RE- digested esa and GFP (CY, 22/6). Ligation rxn at room temperature for 30min instead of 10min.

Included vector-only and insert-only controls.

Stored in -20deg.

Will run gel tmr. Insert only control should be same size as gfp product. Same for the other control. Can try to plate vector only to see re-ligation??

Nanodrop:

PlacGFP - 642.8ng/ul. 260/280=3.89

Vector ctrl - 756.6ng/ul. 260/280=4.11

Insert ctrl - 557 ng/ul. 260/280=3.86

Yanting

Ran 0.8% pre-cast gel at 100V for 45min.

10ul of each sample to 2ul of loading dye.

Gel lanes:

100bp; uncut esa (used esa4 from -20);

pLacGFP; vector ctrl; insert ctrl; 1kb.

[YH] Re-run gel. 35ul of each sample. No bands.

RE of esa and Gfp pcr product.

Gel electrophoresis.

Cast a thick 1% gel (60ml) with combined wells. [Don't need to cast thick gel next time, takes too long to melt]

Gel run at 100V, 45min. Lanes: 100bp, esa, gfp 1&2, 1kb

Image after cutting is also saved.

Gel extraction of RE esa & gfp.

Used Promega kit, loaded both gfp bands into one column. Eluted with 30ul water for 5min before centrifugation.

Nanodrop:

Esa- 37.7ng/ul. 260/280= 1.83

Gfp - 25.1ng/ul. 260/280= 1.84

Overnight ligation

6x ligation:

Reagent	Amount
Buffer	6ul
Vector (37.7ng/ul)	50ng = 7.8ul
Insert (25.1ng/ul)	37.7 ng = 6.6ul
H2O	87.6ul
Ligase	6ul

Ligation reaction run overnight in 16 deg hold in thermocycler - 15h, 8pm - 11am.

[Chi Yan + Yunting] Midiprep of EsaR plasmid

[Yihan Yunting] Gel electrophoresis of inv colony PCR

insert picture gel

[Xinyi] Colony pcr for placgfp for >18 colonies

insert gel picture

[Adrian] Gfp expression observed using gfp filter with the SPS microscope

Yanting

Subculture of HEK 293

P4 -> p5

Grow/split into 150mm dish for freezing on sat(20/6)

-->30ml DMEM + 1ml cells

90mm dish for maintenance (buffer)

-->10ml DMEM + 30ul cells

Cells combined from 3 90mm dishes

Yanting

Freezing of HEK293

P6

Cells from a 150 mm dish and 90mm dish

Adrian

Prepared restreak of inv/hly plasmid from original stab culture

Yanting and Yunting

Colony PCR of invasin

Picked out 8 colonies (marked 1-8) from BBa_K299812 plate stored at 4deg (Adrian, 12/7).

Colony PCR using prefix suffix primers for first 4 rxn and universal primers VP & VF2 for last 4 rxn. Used thermocycler "Colony" protocol.

Also constituted dNTP w 2.5mM of each atcg triphosphate.

Yanting

100V at 30min. Ladder, 4 prefix suffix rxn, 4 universal primers rxn. Saved as “7.15_inv colony”.

When I ran for longer (after storing gel at 4deg), the bands were longer but the 250bp marker as well as the primer-dimers are pretty close to dye front.

Yunting

Placed BBa_K299812 plate in incubator for overnight growth.

Yanting and Yunting

Colony PCR of 8 colonies (marked A-H) from BBa_K299812 plate, and also spotted on a save plate. Both plates placed back in incubator.

Primer conc=0.5 uM, template DNA dissolved in 10ul h20.

Thermocycler “colony_inv” protocol, with adjusted extension time and annealing time&temp from standard “colony” protocol.

100V for 34min.

Tubes 1-2: FP-prefix, RP-suffix.

3-4: FP-VF2, RP-VR.

5-6: FP-prefix, RP_Inv_M2.

7-8: RP-suffix, FP_Inv_M1.

No template control with FP-prefix, RP-suffix.

[Note: RP_M2 = FP_M2. Check future uses agn seq on the primer master file. Just in case, the sequence used in this expt is INV_FP_M2->GCTCATTATAGTCCGCGAAATCACG].

Gel image saved as “7.17_inv colony.sgd” (handphone pic below).

Results: Tubes 3&4 with universal primers VF2 VR have a band between 4&5kb - Inv+LLO is 4.1kb, probably are positive colonies.

Tubes 1&2, 5&6 have bands <750bp as well as primer dimers (but the annealing temperature was calculated for prefix suffix primers not universal ones…I’ll try thermo-gradient thermocycler protocol next time).

Expected band size for 5&6 (FP-prefix, RP_Inv_M2 (ends 1928)) = 1.9kb.

No bands for tubes 7&8. Expected band size for 7&8 (RP-suffix, FP_Inv_M1 (starts 1046)) = 2.2kb.

Yihan

Inoculation of positive colonies in liquid culture. 3mL and shaking incubation.

Yunting

Miniprep of positive colonies from 30h liquid culture.

Eluted in 50ul elution buffer and stored at -20.

C= 225.9ng/ul. 260/280=1.86

D= 297.7ng/ul. 1.87

Yunting

Colony PCR with thermogradient: 14rxn

Reagent	Amount
H2O	70ul
dNTP	14ul
MgCl2	35ul
Taq	3.25ul
primers (forward + reverse)	14ul*2
Template DNA	14ul

C/D-1,2: Col3.

C/D-3,4: Col12.

D-5,6: Col 9.

D-7,8: Col 10.

Negative control (no template): Col 8.

Gel ran for 80V, 1h.

D-1,2: VF2, VR.

D-3,4: FP-prefix, RP-suffix.

D-5,6: FP-prefix, FP_M2.

D-7,8: FP-prefix, FP_invF.

C-1,2: VF2, VR.

C-3,4: FP-prefix, RP-suffix.

Results Notes:

Too much template DNA (~250ng). Separate the universal primers (to avoid differing extension time).

Yanting

RE digest of inv/hyl plasmid with EcoRI and PstI for 2 hours at 37oC.

Lane 1-4: 1kb ladder, 100bp ladder, RE of colony C, RE of colony D.

Size is correct: 4kb main band (inv+hly part) and 2kb (plasmid backbone). These plasmid DNA should have the part.

Yanting and Yunting

Colony PCR, used with temperature gradient to vary annealing temperature. 10rxn

Reagent	Amount
5x buffer	50ul
H2O	127.5ul
dNTP	50ul
MgCl2	10ul
Taq	3.25ul
primers (forward + reverse)	14ul*2
Template DNA	14ul

100V for 45min (can run for longer).

Result:

Lane 1: 1kb ladder; lane 2: 100bp ladder;

lane 3-7: FP prefix + RP suffix (5 repeats with increasing annealing temperatures) has 2 bands ~800 bp & 100-200bp (probably non specific bands, will lower # of cycles in future, use higher annealing temp, lower annealing time).

Expected size of inv+hly part is 4.1kb.

lane 8-9: VF + M2 has a thick band 800-900bp.

Expected size is 600+130bp (VF adds ~130bp compared to FP_prefix) .: doesn’t seem to be correct….

lane 10-11: VF + inv F has no bands. Expected is at least 200bp (bcos universal primers).

lane 12: VR + inv F seems to have a small band <100bp. Non specific amplification?

Expected is 1.5+0.1 kb (from VR).

Yanting

RE with XbaI and PstI

Reagent	Amount
Restriction enzyme	2ul
Buffer	5ul
DNA (4x of miniprep=74.5ng/ul)	13.4ul
H2O	29.6ul

Incubate at 37degC for 2.5h (1130-1400)

Results: Gel loaded 1kb ladder, uncut, RE digested. 100V for 1h.

Plasmid doesn't have XbaI site - RE digested DNA is a linear 6kb band.

Yunting

Cast a big gel. Stored in 4 deg. [Used up 26/6]

Pre-cast two 0. 8% gels. Stored in 4deg. [Used up on 24 & 25/6]

Chi Yan and Yunting

Midiprep of esaR plasmid.

Airdry ON.

Safety Inspection for our lab by OSHE. We passed with flying colours!

Transformation of ligated FNRgfp plasmid into dH5alpha

Cleaned waterbath, de-iced the fridge.

Today, we also did a spring cleaning for the lab

Pre-cast big and small gels and stored in 4deg in the blue tupperware. [Used up on 20 & 22/7]

Adrian

BBPrefix_esaRBS PCR

Reagent	Amount
H2O	221ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl	32ul
dNTP	32ul
Forward Primer_Biobrick Prefix	16ul
ORP_esaRBS_fragsyn	16ul
synpart_BBP_esaRBS	1ul
gotaq	2ul
total	400ul

success-> PCR purification

esaRBS_GFP_BBsuffix

Reagent	Amount
H2O	237ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTP	32ul
Reverse primer_BB_suffix	??
ORP_esaRS_GFP	16ul
Plac_GFPPLASMID	1ul
gotaq	2ul

failed -> troubleshooting-> new OFP_esaRBBS_GFP

Redid 30/6 with new primers

success with new primers-> fusion pcr

PCR with inv primers (adrian’s primers)

Clarice

Fusion PCR with esaRBS, GFP

Reagent	Amount
H2O	104.07ul
Buffer	40ul
MgCl2	16ul
dNTP	16ul
Forward primer_BB_prefix	8ul
Reverse primer_BB_prefix	8ul
400ng esaRBS	2.13ul
400ng esaRBSgfp	4.8ul
gotaq	1ul
Total	200ul

annealing temp 50degC

Gel electrophoresis: looks correct-> PCR Purification

RE digest of esaRBS+GFP

Reagent	Insert	Vector
Buffer	2ul	2ul
EcoRI/PstI	1ul	1ul
Template(2ug)	5ul	4ul
dH2O	11ul	12ul
total	20ul	20ul

Clarice

COlny PCR with different colonies (15 colonies)

FP_BB_Prefix and RP_BB_Suffix

Success

Clarice

Colony PCR successful - inouclated colony 2,3,4,12 in 3mL LB

PCR-FNRsynpart BBP

Reagent	Amount
dH2O	221ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTPs	32ul
FP_RNE_PromoterBBP	16ul
GFP_FNR_Prom_GFP	16ul
synpart FNR	1ul
gotaq	2ul

Clarice

Verify minipreppped esaGFP plasmid

Reagent	Amount
Buffer	2ul
EcoRI	1ul
Pst1	1ul
Plasmid	5ul
dH2O	11ul
total	20ul

Clarice

Transformatin of EsaGFP plasmid (30ul BL21 + 5ul ligation reaction)

plate O/N

Yihan

Ran gel of gfp plasmid EcoRI/PstI, took out gel slice for vector - 4kb

Gel extraction:

+gfpvector->38.7ng/ul fragment-> direction purification 226.4ng/ul

+LIgation reaction (5:1) 6X

Reagent	Amount
300ng vector	7.8ng/ul
531.2ng of insert	2.4ul
Buffer	12ul
Enzyme	6ul
H2O	91.8ul

ligate for 2 hours at 16 hours transform, plate, grow ON

Yihan

No colonies-> ligation did not work

Recalcualte ligation reaction (3:1),7x

350ng vector->9ul vector

446.3ng insert-> 2ul 7ul

ligase 110

H2O

12ul buffer

Yihan and Clarice

colonies for EsaGFP

grew Colony PCR for 14 colonies

Unsuccessful-> no bands observed

Yihan

Trying out an idea for workshop

Trial for blue/white screen

Streak out pGFPuv and pGEMT on plate with amp added spread 40ul of 0.1M IPTG and 30ul of 5%xgal, dried and on plate without amp

Yihan

Ran gel with FNR Pcr and gfp pcr

size of pcr product was correct but gel picture was not saved

FNR Product was pcr purified

Plasmid extraction for colony 2,3,4 of esaGFP - > 2,3 were sent for sequencing and primers did not bind, chromatogram was messed up.

Fusion PCR for FNRGFP:

Reagent	Amount
dH2O	218ul
10X buffer	80ul
MgCl2	23ul
dNTP	32ul
Template FNR PCR (40ng)	3ul
gfp PCR (400ng)	1ul
FP_BB_Suffix	16ul
RP_BB_Suffix	16ul
gotaq	2ul

Chi yan

Gel was run for fusion pcr size was correct

Clarice RE digest:

Reagent	Amount
PstI	1.5ul
EcoRI	1.5ul
Buffer	4ul
Template	3ul
H2O	20ul
Total	40ul

Chi yan

Ran gel for gfpp plasmid

gel purificaiton and extraction of 4kb fragment

Reagent	Amount
ligation reaction (2X)	40ul
Buffer	4ul
100ng of DNA vector	3.4ul
157ng insert	16ul
enzyme	2ul
H2O	14.6ul

Yihan

no colonies for FNRgfp plasmid

Inv plasmid verification

Reagent	Amount
buffer	1ul
EcoRI	0.5ul
invasin plasmid	0.5ul
dH2O	8ul
Total	10ul

Gel extraction RE digest of EsaR-GFP plasmid

Reagent	Ligation	Control
Vector (45ng)	1ul	1ul
Insert	1ul	1ul
Buffer	1ul	1ul
dH2O	6ul	7ul
ligase	1ul	1ul

Transformation of FNRgfp anaerobe jar

E. coli grew in both conditions p putida-> some growth in anaerobe chamber proper streak plate in aerobic conditions

packet runs out after 16hours

Yihan and Yunting

LIgation for FNRgfp (4X)

Reagent	Amount
200ng Gfp plasmid	4.36ul
297ng insert (7:1)	10.3ul
Buffer	53.34ul
T4 ligase	4ul

Trial run of anaerobe chamber:

+ open sachet to decrease O2 at 3.30pm

+ takes 2.5h to activate

place streak plate of p putida a strict aerobe and e coli, facultative aerobe in chamber at 30deg C to grow O/N

P. putida is an abligate aerobe and if chmaber works ,it will not grow

E. coli should grow in both conditions

controls grown outside chamber

Yihan

FNRgfp-> no colonies after transformation

religation (4X reaction)

Reagent	Amount
200ng GFP plasmid	4.4ul
2125ng of insert	8ul
T4 ligase	4ul
H2O	55.6ul

transformation of FNR gfp into 20ul of BL21

Yihan

No colonies grew

Ran a gel, FNRgfp pcr, gfp pcr, fnr, 100bp ladder

Chi Yan

RE digest of FNR-GFP fusion PCR with EcoRI and PstI

Reagent	Amount
EcoRI	1ul
PstI	1ul
Buffer	5ul
FNR-GFP from 12/7 in RIP box 1ug	2.5ul
H2O	40.5ul
Total	50ul

Direct purification using Promega kit

Overnight ligation (4X reaction)

Reagent	Amount
200ng of GFP plasmid	4.4ul
400ng of insert (5:1)	?
T4 ligase	4ul
T4 ligase buffer	8ul
H2O	?

200ng of gfp plasmid (4.4ul)

400ng of insert (5:1) (?ul)

4ul T4 ligase

8ul T4 ligase buffer

? H2O

Yihan

Ncbi search in BL21 genome revealed that it does have FNR transcriptional regulator

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/CP010816.1

In dH5alpha as well

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/945908

However no direct data on our specific strains of dH5alpha and BL21

Adrian 1_8

PCR	reaction
H2O	222ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTPs	32ul
VF2	16ul
VR	16ul
GoTaq	2ul

Cycle conditions 95ºC (3min) -> 95ºC (30s) -> 60ºC (30s) -> 72ºC (1.5min) -> 72ºC (5min) for 25 cycles Result: FP_Biobricks_Suffix and RP_Biobrick_Suffix primers are contaminated -> rediute from stock Maintenance Red Workshop Protocol

To make Fragment 1 for the	workshop
H2O	222ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTP	32ul
Primer 1 (FP_retarded)	16ul
Primer 2 (RP_retarded)	16ul
GoTaq	2ul
GFP plasmid	1ul

To make Fragment 2 for the	workshop
H2O	222ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTP	32ul
Primer 1 (OFP_esaRBSver2)	16ul
Primer 2 (RP_VR)	16ul
GoTaq	2ul
GFP plasmid	1ul

Cycle conditions 95ºC (3min) -> 95ºC (30s) -> 60ºC (30s) -> 72ºC (2.5min) -> 72ºC (10min) for 25 cycles

Adrian 2/8

Recreating backbone

pSB1A2	EcoRI/PstI
H2O	22ul
pSB1A2-GFP	10ul
Buffer	4ul
EcoRI	2ul
PstI	2ul
Total	40ul

Adrian 3/8

Fusion PCR for	workshop
H2O	111ul
Buffer	40ul
MgCl2	16ul
dNTP	16ul
OFP_esaRBS_GFP_ver2	8ul
ORP_XhoI_retarded	8ul
GoTaq	1ul
Fragment 1	1ul
Fragment 2	1ul

95ºC (3min) -> 95ºC (30s) -> 60ºC (30s) -> 72ºC (1.5min) -> 72ºC (10min) for 25 cycles

EsaR Master Plate	Test
Colony PCR
H2O	222ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTP	32ul
VF2	16ul
VR	16ul
GoTaq	2ul
	400ul

For 10 colonies

Ligation of esaRBS-GFP (EcoRI/PstI) and RNG-GFP (EcoRI/PstI) into pSB1A2 (EcoRI/PstI)

10x T4 DNA ligase Buffer	1ul
Vector	1ul
Insert	5ul
H2O	10ul
T4 DNA ligase	1ul

Reactions were incubated for 30min at room temperature Transformation pSB1A2 esaRBSGFP pSB1A2 RNG GFP Control cut pSB1A2

Adrian 17/7

Ligation of esaRBS-GFP (EcoRI/PstI) and RNG-GFP (EcoRI/PstI) into pSB1A2 (EcoRI/PstI)

10x T4 DNA ligase Buffer	1ul
Vector	1ul
Insert	5ul
H2O	10ul
T4 DNA ligase	1ul

Reactions were incubated for 30min at room temperature Transformation pSB1A2 esaRBSGFP pSB1A2 RNG GFP Control cut pSB1A2

Adrian 18/7

Vector dimer check 8 colonies were selected from the control plate (26/7)

PCR	mastermix
H2O	222ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTP	32ul
FP_Biobricks_Prefix	16ul
RP_Biobricks_Prefix	16ul
GoTaq	2ul
Total	400ul

The control plate had plasmids with a 800bp insert Gel extract was performed on a 2kb band Ligation Troubleshooting

Ligation	Mastermix
H2O	222ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTP	32ul
FP_Biobricks_Suffix	16ul
RP_Biobricks_Suffix	16ul
GoTaq	2ul
Total	400ul

Colony PCR 8 colonies were selected from esaR and RNG each, total 16 colonies

PCR	Mastermix
H2O	444ul
Buffer	160ul
MgCl2	64ul
dNTP	64ul
FP_Biobricks_Suffix	32ul
RP_Biobricks_Suffix	32ul
GoTaq	4ul
Total	800ul

Ran gel Lanes Vector Backbone (EcoRI/PstI Control Ligation mix esaR ligation mix RNG ligation mix T4 Ligation buffer Blank

Adrian 26/7

BBPprefix_esaRBS PCR synthesis

PCR	Reaction
H2O	22ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTP	32ul
FP_Biobricks_Prefix	16ul
ORP_esaRBS_fragsyn	16ul
synpartBBP_esaRBS	1ul
GoTaq polymerase	2ul
Total	400ul

	esaRBS_GFP_BBsuffix
H2O	221ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTP	32ul
RP_BiobricksSuffix	16ul
OFP_esaRBS_GFPver2	16ul
pSB1A2_BBa_0040	1ul
GoTaq	2ul
Total	400ul

PCR for	esa
H2O	220ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTPs	32ul
FP_BB_Prefix	16ul
RP_BB_Suffix	16ul
BBPrefix_esaRBS	1.2ul
esaRBS_GFPBBSuffix	0.5ul
GoTaq	2ul
Total	400ul

PCR for	RNG
H2O	220ul
Buffer	80ul
MgCl2	32ul
dNTPs	32ul
FP_BB_Prefix	16ul
RP_BB_Suffix	16ul
BBPrefix_esaRBS	1.5ul
esaRBS_GFPBBSuffix	0.5ul
GoTaq	2ul
Total	400ul

Adrian Clarice

REdigest of esaR and RNF after PCR purification and gel extraction

esaR-gfp RE	digest
Bffer	2ul
PstI	1ul
EcoRI	1ul
2ug Template	5.4ul
H2O	10.6ul
Total	20ul

RNG RE	digest
Bffer	2ul
PstI	1ul
EcoRI	1ul
2ug Template	3.9ul
H2O	12.1ul
Total	20ul

Ligation of pSB1A2 with esaR and	RNG
10X T4 Ligase Buffer	2ul
Vector (pSB1A2 EcoRI/PstI)	1ul
Insert (esaR and RNG)	5ul
H2O	11ul
T4 DNA ligase	1ul
Total	20ul

Ligation for 30min at room temperature

Clarice 19/7

Colony PCR for RNG and esaR-GFP colonies from master plate

RNG	(10X)
H2O 13.8 + colony	each
Buffer	50
MgCl2	20
dNTPs	20
Primer 1	10
Primer 2	10
Gotaq	2

esaGFP	(9X)
H2O	45
Buffer	18
MgCl2	18
dNTPs	9
Primer 1	9
Primer 2	9
GoTaQ	1.8

CY 8/8

8 minipreps of 4 clones from BL21 pNirB+gfp and 4 clones from dH5alpha pNirB+gfp

RE	digest
EcoRI	9ul
PstI	9ul
Cutsmart Buffer	45ul
DNA of 1ug	6.7ul
H2O	36.3ul

Result after running gel: All clones are positive for pNirB+gfp

CY 13/8

Invasin + Listerolysin blue
Inoculated 4 colonies of BL21 transformed with the inv+hly clone D.

CY 14/8

Invasin + Listerolysin blue
Miniprep of the inv+hly clones

RE digest with	EcoRI/PstI
EcoRI	5ul
PstI	5ul
Buffer	25ul
DNA 1ug	(4ul)
H2O	11ul
Total	50ul

CY 19/8

Colony PCR for pEFYP plated on (17/8) Pcr for pNirBgfp as with (18/8) with pNirB-gfp primers, Biobricks prefix and suffix primers

PCR Master mix For	pEYFP
H2O	13.25ul
Buffer	5ul
dNTP	5ul
F/R primer	5ul
2.5mM MgCl2	12.5
GoTaq	11.25ul

PCR Master mix for pNirBgfp with pNirB-gfp primers, and Biobricks Prefix and Suffix Primers (Melting temperature increased to 53degrees) 3ul of plasmid in each tube

PCR Master mix for pNirB-gfp primers and BB prefix/suffix	primers
H2O	101.25ul
Buffer	45ul
dNTP	9ul
Forward Primer	9ul
Reverse Primer	9ul
2.5mM MgCl2	22.5ul
GoTaq polymerase	2.25ul

CY 21/7

Ran gel for 20/7 colony pcr for FNR gfp 1kb, 100bp, colonies negative control

CY 22/7

Anaerobic promoter Brown
PCR to test 'FNR-GFP plasmid'.

Colonies 1-5 from 20/7 + negative control 3 sets of primers FP_BB Prefix, RP BB Suffix GFP-F, GFP-R FP_FNRPromoter_BBP, ORP_FNR_Promoter GFP

For each reaction (6X)

H2O 73.5ul

dNTPs 6ul

Forward/Reverse Primer 6ul/6ul MgCl2 15ul

Taq polymerase1.5ul

For each plasmid 1ul

Buffer 30ul

CY 24/7

Ligation of Cut FNRGFP (17/7) with cut GFP vector

1X	reaction
Buffer	2ul
200ng vector	1.1ul
3:1	256.5ng
Water	3.4ul
T4 DNA ligase	1ul
Total	20ul

Incubation at room temperature for 2h Transformation into 10ul BL21 competent cells

CY 27/7

RE of extracted product with EcoRI/PstI for 300ng of DNA

RE	(1X)
FNR-gfp	0.9ul
EcoRI	1ul
PstI	1ul
Buffer	2ul
Water	15.1ul
Total	20ul

CY YH

When gel was run, primer dimers and 700-800bp band were present in the negative control with no template added

Fresh buffer, MgCL2, dNTP and fresh diluted primers were used to repeat colony PCR.

Diluting dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP to 2.5mM

Repeated colony pcr with Prefix-suffix primers using TC pipettors

HYT 15/7

Invasin + Listerolysin blue
RE digest of the miniprepped inv/hly plasmid with EcoRI/PstI from (20/7) Tube C-> 226ng/ul Tube D-> 298ng/ul

RE	reaction
Buffer	3ul
Plasmid 4ul	each
EcoRI	1ul
PstI	1ul
H2O 21ul	each
Total	30ul

incubated at 37degC for 2h Add 6X loading dye to stop reaction in both tubes Ran gel (1kb, 100bp, cut vector C, D)

CY 24/7

Anaerobic promoter Brown
Ligation of Cut FNRGFP (17/7) with cut GFP vector

1X	reaction
Buffer	2ul
200ng vector	1.1ul
3:1	256.5ng
Water	3.4ul
T4 DNA ligase	1ul
Total	20ul

Incubation at room temperature for 2h Transformation into 10ul BL21 competent cells

XY 18/7

Anaerobic promoter Brown
Transformation of FNRGFP ligated product into BL21 (from CY 17/7) 1. 3ul pUC19 control +10ul BL21 2. 20ul Ligation product + 20ul BL21 3. 5ul Ligation product + 20ul BL21 Plated on LB+amp plates 40ul of transformed bacteria in SOC media on LB+amp 20ul of transformed bacteria in SOC media on LB alone

YH 2/8

Inoculated colony 3,7 of FNR GFp selected positive clones for miniprep

YH 3/8

Anaerobic promoter Brown
Miniprep of colony 3, 7 and sent for sequencing with GFP-R and FP_VF2 -> results show there is GFP but no FNR.

YH 6/8

Transform pNirB+gfp from the Biobricks Registry into BL21 and dH5alpha

YH 9/8

OD600 of 1 = 10^8 cells/cm^3

OD600 of 10X	dilution
BL21 clone 1 0.013 -> 1.04x10^8	cells/cm^3
BL21 clone 2 0.094 -> 7.52x10^8	cells/cm^3
dH5alpha clone 1 0.054 -> 4.32x10^8	cells/cm^3
dH5alpha clone 2 1.123 -> 9.84x10^8	cells/cm^3
BL21 0.084 -> 6.72x10^8	cells/cm^3
dH5alpha 0.046-> 3.68x10^8	cells/cm^3
BL21 + pGFPuv 0.036 -> 2.88x10^8	cells/cm^3

The cultures were diluted 100X and 500X in a volume of 200ul in a 24well plate and grown in the anaerobic chamber at 30degrees and 225rpm for 2, 4, 6, 8 hours

Replicating the iGEM Valencia Team - growing cultures under sterile oil (filtered through 0.22um filter) 0.5mL of stationary culture + 2.5mL LB, with 1mL of sterile oil added above

Grown at 28 degrees, 200rpm for 2 days

Results:

GFP signal is expressed in cultures with the anaerobic sensitive promoter grown in anaerobic conditions overnight, but signal was weak.
After 6 hours in anaerobic growth, the BL21 + pNirB clone 1 had highest GFP signal when observed with the GFP microscope.

BL21 strain had no signal

After 24 hours in anaerobic conditions, dH5alpha had highest signal compared to control

Control - colonies picked directly from plates (aerobic conditions) had no GFP signal

After 2 days there was no gfp expression

YH 14/8

Seeded cells for invasion assay

BL21 + inv-hly clones correct after running gel for digest of the plasmids with EcoRI and PstI

YH 15/8

Invasin + Listerolysin blue

Invasion assay with HEK293T cells and BL21, and BL21+inv-hly plasmid on 15/08/15

Rationale: The invasin gene in the invasin+listerolysin plasmid should remain intact and be expressed, leading to an invasion phenotype

Objective: Screen invasion phenotype of BL21 and BL21+invasin-listerolysin Biobricks part

Experiment details

Cells were passage 2 Seed 0.5mL of 5x10^5 HEK293T cells/mL and 1x10^6 in wells of 24-well plates, grow overnight.

Determine cell confluency with microscopy the next day - 80-90% confluency

All strains were grown overnight in 3mL LB broth

For 5x10^5 cells

100ul of 10^9 cells/mL was used for moi 200

100ul of 2X dilution of 10^9 cells/mL was used for moi 100

100ul of 4X dilution of 10^9 cells/mL was used for moi 50

100ul of 5X dilution of 10^9 cells/mL was used for moi10

Result Lawn on all plates HEK293T cells detach too easily.

Grow for 24 hours in the future and do minimal, and gentle washing. For next experiment, 0.5x10^6 and 1x10^6 cells wre seeded 1000ug/mL kanamycin for 1 hour is sufficient for kill step

no contamination in uninfected control

There is invasion in background BL21 strain as well

All mois showed high percentage of infection

In future use moi 10:1 and plate up 10^2 to 10^5 dilution for countable colonies

YH 17/7
For plates on LB alone there was a lawn

For pUC19, the transformation worked, and separated colonies were produced

No colonies were produced for the FNR-gfp plasmid

YH 18/8

PCR for the clones of pNirB-gfp from B21(1-4) and dH5alpha (1-4)with pNirB-gfp-F/R primers

5ul plasmid, 5ul H2O in each tube

PCR Mastermix

dNTP 8ul

MgCl2 20ul

Taq Polymerase 2ul

Buffer 40ul F/R

primers 0.8ul each

H2O 40ul

YH 19/7
inoculated colonies C,D for invasin plasmid in 3mL LB+amp at 1.30pm

Transformed remaining 40u ligation reaction for FNR gfp into 10ul BL21

Transformed 100ng pGFPuv plasmid into 10ul BL21

Poured new LB+amp plates

Plated 20, 40, 100ul of transformed bacteria in SOC media on plates

YH 20/7
pGFPuv transformation worked!

Single colony for FNR-GFP + 4 more from plating on 19/7

Sent FNR-GFP fusion product for sequencing with RP-Biobricks Suffx - result there is no FNR but there is no GFP

Colony PCR for FNR gfp (Colonies 1-5, (-) control)

Colony PCR	(6X)
H2O	19.5ul
Buffer	10ul
6ul	dNTP
6ul FP_Biobricks	Suffix
6ul RP_Biobricks	SUffix
15ul	MgCl2
1.5ul Taq	Polymerase

YH 21.7
Redid colony pcr for above as negative control had a positive band - contamination of PCR

negative control still has band - reagents contaminated

YH 22/7

Miniprepped colonies 1-5 for FNR-gfp plasmid

Did EcoRI/PstI digest

Digest for mastermix	(5X)
Buffer	10ul
EcoRI/PstI	2ul
H2O	60ul
Total 20ul per	tube

400ng plasmid in each	tube

Ran gel for RE samples, none were postive clones

YH 26/7
No colonies for FNRgfp

Hotstart fusion PCR (8X	reaction)
10X Buffer	80ul
dNTPs	16ul
FP Biobricks Prefix	8ul
RP Biobricks Suffix	8ul
FNR Pcr product	12ul
GFP PCR product	4ul
MgCl2	3ul
H2O	668ul

YH 27/7
Ran gel with cut vector and cut PCR product 1kb 100bp cut vector (wells 3-5) FNR-gfp (wells 6-8)

However, PCR product was not detectable

RE digest for FNRgfp	EcoRI/PstI
150ng PCR	5ul
Buffer	2ul
EcoRI	0.5ul
PstI	0.5ul
H2O	12ul
Total	20ul

Gel extracted Ligation reaction was performed overnight

Ligation reaction	(1X)
100ng vector	8.3ul
85ng insert	16ul
T4 ligase	2ul
Buffer	4ul
H2O	9.7ul

YH 28/7

Trialling transformation of 10ul BL21 with 100ng pGFPuv plasmid for workshop.

Using 200ul LB broth for the growth in 1hour step

10ul BL21 + 10ul plasmid Heatshock for 300s

Shake for 1hour at 37 degC 225rpm

plated 40ul on LB, 40ul on LB+amp plate

Transformation of ligation reaction into BL21 with control of cut vector (100ng) into BL21

plated 40ul on LB+amp plate, 20ul on LB plate

YH 29/7
Colonies on pGFPuv plate with amp -> LB works for reviving bacteria small colonies with FNRGFP plasmid

YH 30/7
12 colonies grew for FNRGFP plate no colonies on control with cut vector Colony PCR to screen 12 colonies and negative control using universal primers

PCR Mastermix	(13X)
H2O	42.25ul
PCR Buffer	65ul
VF2 Primer	13ul
RP VR Primer	13ul
MgCl2	32.5ul
GoTaq	3.25ul

human practice

[some introduction here]

Workshop

píc

One of the participants taking a closer look at GFP-tagged E. coli under our very own SPS microscope.

The SPS iGEM Team of 2015 hosted a genetic engineering workshop for students from the Faculty of Science on 5th August 2015, in the Active Learning Room and the SPS Wet Lab. The workshop aimed to equip science students with an understanding of both the techniques of synthetic biology, and its risks and rewards. Participants were given the opportunity to be immersed in both the theoretical and wet lab components of synthetic biology.

Students were first guided through the concepts of genetic engineering, and the available wet lab tools and techniques used. After some light refreshments, they then got a chance to try their hands at designing their very own gene vectors with a fun set of theoretical puzzles.

One of the workshop facilitators explaining the process of constructing a genetic vector.

Participants and facilitators hard at work figuring out genetic puzzles

After lunch, the participants performed Fusion PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and performed bacterial transformation in the SPS Wet Lab. They also had a look at green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed in E. coli, as an example of one of the methods that are commonly used to quantify protein expression.

Participants beginning PCR in the SPS Wet Lab!

Loading a gel is hard work – participants ran a DNA gel to confirm if their PCR reaction was successful

All in all, both the workshop participants and facilitators spent an enjoyable day both learning and sharing about genetic engineering. The SPS iGEM Team of 2015 would like to thank all participants for spending their day with us! We would also like to thank Science Dean’s Office for their kind sponsorship, as well as the SPS staff and SPS community for their support.

A final group photograph with some of the facilitators and workshop participants

Video

Interview

safety

Biosafety in our project involves minimising the risks to the researchers working in the laboratory, as well as the general public in future medical applications based off our research.

Safety when handling biological organisms

Non-pathogenic strains of E. coli K-12 strains BL21 and dH5α from Life Technologies were used for bacterial cloning of plasmids and expression of proteins of interest. These strains are Risk group 1 and were handled in a BSL2 Biosafety cabinet. The E. coli strain carrying the Biobrick BBaK299812 (containing parts derived from Risk group 2 organisms) was handled as a Risk Group 2 agent. Mammalian cell line HEK293T is classified under Risk group 2, and was also cultured in a BSL2 Biosafety cabinet.

Safety in Project Design

In our project, we aim to engineer non-pathogenic E. coli as a vector to deliver a potential drug into the tumour core. We use the Biobricks Part BBa_K299812 (http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K299812), which contains the invasin gene from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and the listerolysin O gene from Listeria monocytogenes. The Invasin protein allows for bacteria to enter mammalian cells, while Listerolysin O is a pore-forming protein that enable bacteria to escape the endosome. These two proteins are involved in pathogenesis of their respective bacterial species.

The Invasin and Listerolysin proteins enable our E. coli to enter mammalian cells, and escape the endosome, where they can subsequently deliver an encoded therapeutic to kill the tumour cell. To ensure that these proteins are only expressed under the conditions of the tumour microenvironment, the invasin and listerolysin proteins will be placed under the control of an anaerobic promoter, and a quorum sensing system.

Safety in Our Lab

All our team members have undergone Chemical, Biological and Fire Safety Training from the Office of Safety, Health and Environment (OSHE http://www.nus.edu.sg/osh/), the department in charge of Laboratory and Work Safety at the National University of Singapore

For each protocol used for our experiments, we have a separate risk assessment. Please refer to our ‘protocols’ page for more information.

Our laboratory is equipped with biological and chemical spill kits, and all members of our iGEM Team are trained to handle Biological and Chemical Spills. Our laboratory is classified as Biosafety Level 2, according to the classification by the Wolrd Health Organisation (WHO) and the Genetic Modification Advisory Committee of the government of Singapore (http://www.gmac.gov.sg/).

Bacterial work and Mammalian cell culture are performed in separate BSL2 Biosafety Cabinets, while DNA work is done on the bench. No cytotoxic reagents are used in our laboratory; Sybr Safe DNA stain is used rather than Ethidium Bromide. Liquid biological waste is decontaminated using 10% Bleach, while Solid biological waste is sent for incineration in a local incineration plant devoted to medical waste (Sembcorp http://www.sembcorp.com/en/business-on-site-services-solid_waste_management.aspx).

Safety Requirements for iGEM Participation

For the fulfillment of requirements for safety from the iGEM foundation, we have submitted the ‘About our lab’ safety forms (https://2015.igem.org/Safety/About_Our_Lab?team_id=1804) and the ‘Final Safety form (Yihan will complete this later to the deadline as currently can’t confirm what we are submitting to parts registry. Just put in first)’

We have also performed a check-in (https://2015.igem.org/Safety/Check_In) for the Biobricks Part (Bba_k299812 http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K299812), which contains the invasin gene from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and the listerolysin O gene from Listeria monocytogenes.

Gold

In addition to the Bronze and Silver Medal requirements, your team must convince the judges you have achieved at least two of the following goals:

1. Choose one of these two options: (1) Expand on your silver medal Human Practices activity by demonstrating how you have integrated the investigated issues into the design and/or execution of your project. OR (2) Demonstrate an innovative Human Practices activity that relates to your project (this typically involves educational, public engagement, and/or public perception activities; see the Human Practices Hub for information and examples of innovative activities from previous teams).

2. Help any registered iGEM team from a high-school, different track, another university, or institution in a significant way by, for example, mentoring a new team, characterizing a part, debugging a construct, modeling/simulating their system or helping validate a software/hardware solution to a synbio problem.

3. Improve the function OR characterization of a previously existing BioBrick Part or Device (created by another team, or by your own team in in a previous year of iGEM), and enter this information in the part's page on the Registry. Please see the Registry Contribution help page for help on documenting a contribution to an existing part. This part must not come from your team's 2015 range of part numbers. Demonstrate a functional prototype of your project. Your prototype can derive from a previous project (that was not demonstrated to work) by your team or by another team. Show this system working under real-world conditions that you simulate in the lab.

Silver

In addition to the Bronze Medal requirements, your team must convince the judges you have achieved the following 3 goals:

1. Experimentally validate that at least one new BioBrick Part or Device of your own design and construction works as expected. Document the characterization of this part in the Main Page section of the Registry entry for that Part/Device. This working part must be different from the part you documented in Bronze medal.

2. Submit this new part to the iGEM Parts Registry. This part must be different from the part you documented in Bronze medal. (Submissions must adhere to the iGEM Registry guidelines.)

3. iGEM projects involve important questions beyond the bench, for example relating to (but not limited to) ethics, sustainability, social justice, safety, security, and intellectual property rights. We refer to these activities as Human Practices in iGEM. Demonstrate how your team has identified, investigated and addressed one or more of these issues in the context of your project.

Bronze

1. Register for iGEM, have a great summer, and attend the Giant Jamboree.

2. Complete the Judging form. Create and share a Description of the team's project using the iGEM wiki, and document the team's parts using the Registry of Standard Biological Parts.

3. Present a poster and a talk at the iGEM Jamboree.

4. Create a page on your team wiki with clear attribution of each aspect of your project. This page must clearly attribute work done by the students and distinguish it from work done by others, including host labs, advisors, instructors, sponsors, professional website designers, artists, and commercial services.

5. Document at least one new standard BioBrick Part or Device central to your project and submit this part to the iGEM Registry (submissions must adhere to the iGEM Registry guidelines). You may also document a new application of a BioBrick part from a previous iGEM year, adding that documentation to the part's main page.

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+<html class=no-skrollr>
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+</head>
+<body>
+<div id=loadingDiv></div>
+<div id=logo>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/9/96/SPSingapore_LOGOoption2.jpg width=700 height=700 alt=logo2 class=centered></div>
+<div id=bodyWiki>
+<nav style=z-index:15>
+<ul style=z-index:15>
+<li><a href=#home>Home</a></li>
+<li><a href=#team>Team</a></li>
+<li><a href=#project>Project</a></li>
+<li><a href=#protocol>Protocol</a></li>
+<li><a href=#part>Part</a></li>
+<li><a href=#notebook>Notebook</a></li>
+<li><a href=#human_practice>Human Practice</a></li>
+<li><a href=#safety>Safety</a></li>
+<li><a href=#requirement>Requirement</a></li>
+</ul>
+</nav>
+<div class="parallax-image-wrapper parallax-image-wrapper-100" data-anchor-target="#home + .gap" data-bottom-top="transform:translate3d(0px, 200%, 0px)" data-top-bottom="transform:translate3d(0px, 0%, 0px)">
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+</div>
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+</div>
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+</div>
+<div class="parallax-image-wrapper parallax-image-wrapper-50" data-anchor-target="#safety + .gap" data-bottom-top="transform:translate3d(0px, 300%, 0px)" data-top-bottom="transform:translate3d(0px, 0%, 0px)">
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+</div>
+<div id=skrollr-body>
+<div class=content id=home>
+Home
+</div>
+<div class="gap gap-100" style=background-image:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/e/ec/SPSingapore_Background_Team.JPG);height:300px> </div>
+<div class="content content-full bigDiv" id=team height=650px>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/8f/SPSingapore_Text_MeetTheTeam.png width="30%"/>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th width=61% scope=row><img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/9/9a/SPSingapore_Team_WholeTeam.png title="click on member to see details" usemap=#Map id=wholeTeam height="450px"/></th>
+<td width=39%>
+<div id=empty width=500 height=376>
+</div>
+<div id=kenneth class=memberPicture>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/cc/SPSingapore_People_kenneth.jpg width=500 height=376 alt=kenneth float="left"/>
+<p><b>Kenneth Lim Kun Ming</b></p>
+<p>
+Research Interest: Bioinformatics, Genetic analysis
+Random fact: Is apparently Schrˆdinger's Biologist
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=clarice width=100% height=auto>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/3d/SPSingapore_People_clarice.jpg width=500 height=376 />
+<p><b>Clarice Hong Kit Yee</b></p>
+<p>Research Interest: genetics, RNA, cancer
+Past research projects: (can't rmb, tell you later)
+<p>Current project: Differential roles of SALL4A and SALL4B in HCC
+<p>
+</div>
+<div id=chi_yan width=100% height=auto>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/80/SPSingapore_Team_Chiyan.jpg width=251 height=376 alt=chiyan>
+<p><b>Wong Chi Yan</b></p>
+<p>Research Interest: Microbiology, molecular biology, proteomics </p>
+<p>Past research project: Genetic studies on Salmonella biofilms </p>
+<p>Current project: Role of fumarase and cysteine dehydrogenase in DNA damage response </p>
+<p>Random fact: Likes statistics and playing volleyball :)</p>
+</div>
+<div id=xin_yi width=100% height=auto>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/36/SPSingapore_People_xinYi.jpg width=500 height=376 />
+<p><b>Yeo Xin Yi</b></p>
+<p>Research Interests: Neurobiology, Neurosciences </p>
+<p>Past research projects: Role of STAT in neuroinflammation and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease</p>
+<p> Current research projects: Synaptic plasticity threshold in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, Role of WNK1 in neuronal survival and development </p>
+<p>Random fact: Blah ~</p>
+</div>
+<div id=yi_han width=100% height=auto>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/f/f8/SPSingapore_People_yiHan.jpg width=500 height=376 />
+<p><b>Tan Yi Han</b></p>
+<p>Research Interests: Pathogens, Immunology, Synthetic biology </p>
+<p>Past research projects: Genetic studies on plant pathogenic fungi, Drug screening for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia </p>
+<p>Current project: Characterisation of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from liver abscess </p>
+<p>Random fact: Knits and bakes in spare time. =)</p>
+</div>
+<div id=yan_ting width=100% height=auto>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/2/2d/SPSingapore_People_yanTing.jpg width=500 height=376 alt=yanting>
+<strong>Hee Yanting</strong>
+<p>Research Interests: RNA, genomics, epigenetics</p>
+<p>Past research projects: microRNA as a potential therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer, Characterising LPA1 antagonists using calcium imaging</p>
+<p>Current project: The role and targeting of EZH2 in lymphoma</p>
+<p>Random fact: Plays the erhu and self-learning cello and classical guitar<p>
+</div>
+<div id=adrian width=100% height=auto>
+<p><img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/00/SPSingapore_People_adrian.jpg width=500 height=376 />
+<strong>Adrian Tan Hong Ji
+</strong></p>
+<p>Research Interest: Genetic Engineering, Cancer, Immunology</p>
+<p> Random fact: 500 Hours in Terraria </p>
+</div>
+<div id=yun_ting width=100% height=auto>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/80/SPSingapore_Team_Yunting.jpg width=251 height=376 alt=yunting>
+<p><b>Soong Yun Ting</b>
+</p>
+<p>Research Interests: Proteomics,
+Past research projects: Genetic studies on Salmonella biofilms </p>
+<p>Current project: Identification of protein players in metastasis </p>
+<p>Random fact: Plays the harmonica </p>
+</div>
+<div id=duy width=100% height=auto>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/5/51/SPSingapore_Team_Duy.jpg width=500 alt=duy>
+<p><strong>Nguyen Duy</strong></p>
+<p>Research Interest: Pharmacoinfomatics, Bioinformatics, Neurosciences </p>
+<p>Past research project: Genetic linkage analysis of asthma</p>
+<p> Current project: Neurodegeneration of Drosophila Melanogaster. </p>
+<p>Random fact: 0 hour in Terraria </p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
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+<div class="content content-full" id=mentor style=height:150%>
+<div id=ourBelovedMentorsTxtContainer width=100%>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/07/SPSingapore_Head_OurBelovedMentors.png style=width:30% alt=ourBelovedMentors class=center>
+</div>
+<div id=ourBelovedMentorsContainer width=100%>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/f/f1/SPSingapore_Team_Linda_stuti_leslie.jpg style=width:50% alt=linda_stuti_leslie class=center>
+</div>
+<table width=100% border=2>
+<tr>
+<td width=33%><p><img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b2/SPSingapore_People_advisor_Leslie.jpeg width=200 height=260 alt=Leslie>
+</p>
+<p><strong>Leslie Gapter</strong></p>
+<p>Dr. Leslie is trained as a molecular biologist and her dissertation focused on breast development and tumorigenesis. Leslie joined NUS in 2005 and her past research has focused on analyzing botanical products for breast and prostate cancer treatment. </p>
+<p>In 2008, Leslie became a full time scientific writer at the Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, before moving into her current position as a Lecturer in 2010. Leslie teaches 'The Cell' module, which examines the universal mechanics and functions of cells from an integrated science perspective, for the Special Program in Science.</p></td>
+<td width=33%><p><img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/9/92/SPSingapore_People_advisor_Linda.jpg width=250 height=338 alt=Linda> <p><strong>Linda J Kenney</strong></p>
+<p>Dr Kenney is a Professor of Microbiology at the University of Illinois-Chicago. Her laboratory studies two-component systems in bacteria that control gene expression at a single cell and nanometer level.</p></td>
+<td width=33%><p><img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/67/SPSingapore_People_Advisor_Stuti.jpg width=220 height=300 alt=Stuti>
+</p>
+<p><strong>Stuti Desai </strong></p>
+<p>She joined the Kenney group in May, 2012 with a strong urge to amalgamate her doctoral training in studying silent genetic systems in enterics to decipher the behavior of bacteria under various environmental challenges. She obtained her doctorate from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, under the guidance of Prof Subramony Mahadevan. She studied Biochemistry for my Master's degree and Chemistry, Physics and Zoology for her Bachelor's degree at the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Baroda, India. </p></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
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+<h3>Introduction</h3>
+<div>
+<p>
+For description
+</p>
+</div>
+<h3>Esa Quorum sensing</h3>
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+<h3>Invasin + lysteriolysin</h3>
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+</div>
-    moment().format();
+<h3>FNR hypoxic promoter</h3>
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+<div>
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+<h3>Design</h3>
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+</div>
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+</div>
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+<div class="content content-full bigDiv" id=protocol style="height:600px; overflow:scroll">
+  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/66/SPSingapore_protocolTitle.png" width="425" height="145" alt="protocol">
+<div id=protocolTabs>
+<ul>
+<li><a href=#cutSmartBuffer>Restriction Digest with NEB enzymes</a></li>
+<!--<li><a href=#miniprep>Miniprep</a></li>-->
+<li><a href=#PCRPurification>PCR Purification</a></li>
+<li><a href=#transfectionExpression>Transfection-Expression</a></li>
+<li><a href=#cloning>Cloning</a></li>
+<li><a href=#Cell_Number_and_Viability_Determination>Cell Number and Viability Determination</a></li>
+<!--<li><a href=#Clearing_Biohazard_Waste>Clearing Biohazard Waste</a></li>-->
+<li><a href=#Freezing_down_cells>Freezing down cells</a></li>
+<li><a href=#Making_Bacterial_Media>Making Bacterial Media</a></li>
+<li><a href=#Plasmid_Making>Miniprep of plasmid DNA</a></li>
+<li><a href=#Subculturing_for_adherent_cell_lines>Subculturing for adherent cell lines</a></li>
+<li><a href=#Ligation_Protocol_with_DNA_ligase>Ligation Protocol with T4 DNA ligase</a></li>
+<li><a href=#Antibiotic_Preparation>Antibiotic Preparation</a></li>
+<li><a href=#Agarose_Electrophoresis>Agarose Electrophoresis</a></li>
+<!--<li><a href=#Microscopy>Microscopy</a></li>-->
+</ul>
+<!--Restriction Digest with NEB enzymes_Done-->
+<div id=cutSmartBuffer>
+<strong>Link to protocol</strong>
+<div>
+<p>
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/14/SPSingapore_Protocols_CutSmartBuffer.pdf" target="_blank">Restriction Digest with NEB enzymes</a>
-<!DOCTYPE html>
+</p>
-<html class="no-skrollr">
+</div>
-<head>
+<strong>Risk assessment</strong>
-	<meta charset="utf-8">
+<div>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Adjust Water bath to 37 degrees.</td><td>Electric shock, heat shock</td><td>Possibility of electric shock</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Add aliquots of DNA to water and Cut Smart buffer in a 1.5mL centrifuge tube.</td><td>Biological exposure</td><td>Spillage of buffer and DNA</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Lightly centrifuge the centrifuge tube in a microcentrifuge. Add an appropriate volume of NEB restriction enzymes and centrifuge again.</td><td>Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>Internal training is compulsory.wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand. When using the centrifuge, ensure centrifuge is balanced and rotor is placed correctly, and that all tubes are capped tightly. Close centrifuge properly and ensure that there are no funny sounds when centrifuge is running.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Place 1.5mL tube into waterbath and digest for 2 hours at 37 degrees. When Restriction digest is done, take thetube out and stop reaction by adding Purple loading dye and cooling on ice.</td><td>Electric shock, heat shock</td><td>Spillage of buffer and DNA</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
-	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
+</div>
+</div>
-	<title>Classic parallax page</title>
+<!--miniprep-->
+<!--<div id="miniprep">
-	<style type="text/css">
+<strong>Link to protocol</strong>
-	<!-- style for parallax -->
+<div>
-	* {
+<p>
-		padding:0;
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b1/Vilnius15_PlasmidMiniprep.pdf" target="_blank">Miniprep</a>
-		margin:0;
-	}
-	html, body {
+</p>
-		height:100%;
+</div>
-	}
+<strong>Risk assessment</strong>
+<div>
+<p>
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+</p>
-		height:100% !important;
+</div>
-	}
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-	body {
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-		font-family:sans-serif;
+<div id="PCRPurification">
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+<strong>Link to protocol</strong>
+<div>
+<p>
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b7/Vilnius15_PCRPurification.pdf" target="_blank">PCR Purification</a>
-	p {
+</p>
-		margin:1em 0;
+</div>
-	}
+<strong>Risk assessment</strong>
+<div>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Adjust Water bath to 55 degrees to preheat.</td><td>Electric shock, heat shock</td><td>Possibility of electric shock</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Excise gel slices with DNA of the correct band into a 1.5mL centrufuge tube, add an appropriate volume of DNA binding buffer and melt the gel slice by incubation in the water bath at 55 degrees. Add a equal volume of DNA binding buffer to a completed pcr reation.</td><td>Biological exposure</td><td>Spillage of buffer and DNA</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Add the melted agarose in DNA binding buffer or pcr reaction and DNA binding buffer to DNA bidning columns resting in 1.5mL tubes. Centrifuge the tube in a microcentrifuge and allow the DNA mixtiure to flow through.</td><td>Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Add wash buffer to wash through the colomns and precipitate DNA. Centrifuge for 1 min, then pour out the remaining wash buffer in the tube. Centrifuge for a further 5 minutes to dry the coloumn.</td><td>Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>5</td><td>Add 30-50ul of nuclease free water to the column, and incubate the columns in the 55 degrees water bath for 5 minutes. Spin down the DNA and quantify concentration using the Thermo Scientific nanodrop.</td><td>Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
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-		position:fixed;
+</div>
-		left:0;
-		width:100%;
-		overflow:hidden;
-	}
-	.parallax-image-wrapper-50 {
+<!--transfection_Done-->
-		height:50%;
+<div id="transfectionExpression">
-		top:-50%;
+<strong>Link to protocol</strong>
-	}
+<div>
+<p>
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/4/42/SPSingapore_ProtocolsChemicallyCompetentCell.pdf" target="_blank">TransfectionExpression</a>
-	.parallax-image-wrapper-100 {
+</p>
-		height:100%;
+</div>
-		top:-100%;
+<strong>Risk assessment</strong>
-	}
+<div>
-	.parallax-image {
+<table class="tableizer-table">
-		display:none;
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
-		position:absolute;
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Transferring aliquot of competent E.coli (dH5a or BL21 from Life Technologies) from  -80 C to thaw on ice with an appropriate aliquot of plasmid (100ng) for 30min.</td><td> Skin contact with extremely cold materials; biological exposure</td><td>Cold burn injury; handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested</td><td>Internal training is compulsory. Handle materials from -80 C using insulated / thermal gloves (or double layer latex gloves); wear proper PPE (safety goggles, lab coat, covered shoes); transfer samples in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-		bottom:0;
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Adjust water bath to 42 degrees.</td><td>Electric shock, heat burns</td><td>Possibility of electric shock</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)/</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-		left:0;
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Heatshock bacteria for 30 seconds exactly at 42degrees</td><td>Biological exposure, Electric shock, heat burns</td><td>Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested</td><td>Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work in a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet. Wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90. Have training on how to manage biological spill with appropriate spill kit reagetns (10% bleach or 70% Ethanol)</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-		width:100%;
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Reviive bacteria at 37degrees with shaking for 1 hour.</td><td>Biological exposure to bacteria</td><td>Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested</td><td>Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work in a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet. Wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90. Have training on how to manage biological spill with appropriate spill kit reagetns (10% bleach or 70% Ethanol)</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-		background-repeat:no-repeat;
+ <tr><td>5</td><td>Plate bacteria on LB+ appropriate antibiotic for selection, grow overnight in a small bacteria incubator. </td><td>Biological exposure to bacteria</td><td>Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested</td><td>Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work in a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet. Wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90. Have training on how to manage biological spill with appropriate spill kit reagetns (10% bleach or 70% Ethanol)</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
-		background-position:center;
+</table>
-		background-size:cover;
-	}
-	.parallax-image-50 {
-		height:200%;
-		top:-50%;
-	}
-	.parallax-image-100 {
+</div>
-		height:100%;
+</div>
-		top:0;
-	}
-	.parallax-image.skrollable-between {
+<!--Cloning_Done-->
-		display:block;
+<div id="cloning">
-	}
+<strong>Link to protocol</strong>
+<div>
+<p>
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/7/75/SPSingapore_Protocols_Cloning.pdf" target="_blank">Cloning</a>
-	.no-skrollr .parallax-image-wrapper {
+</p>
-		display:none !important;
+</div>
-	}
+<strong>Risk assessment</strong>
+<div>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Transferring bacteria from glycerol stock stored @ -80 C to plastic culture tubes</td><td> Skin contact with extremely cold materials; biological exposure</td><td>Cold burn injury; handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested</td><td>Internal training is compulsory. Handle materials from -80 C using insulated / thermal gloves (or double layer latex gloves); wear proper PPE (safety goggles, lab coat, covered shoes); transfer samples in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Transferring culture samples to glassware </td><td> Breakage of glassware; biological exposure</td><td>Injury from broken glassware; handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested</td><td>Internal training is compulsory. Handle glassware over the lab bench (or in the biosafety cabinet); wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); transfer samples in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Routine maintenance of bacteria culture</td><td>Biological exposure, breakage of glassware</td><td>Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested</td><td>Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work in a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet. Wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90.</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Single day experiements using bacteria culture (students)</td><td>Biological exposure; breakage of glassware</td><td>Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested</td><td>Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work at the lab bench over absorbant materials; wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90.</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>5</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>0</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
-	#skrollr-body {
+<!--Cell_Number_and_Viability_Determination-->
-		height:100%;
+<div id="Cell_Number_and_Viability_Determination">
-		overflow:visible;
+<strong>Link to protocol</strong>
-		position:relative;
+<div>
-	}
+<p>
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b3/SPSingapore_Protocols_Cell_Number_and_Viability_Determination.pdf" target="_blank">Cell Number and Viability Determination</a>
-	.gap {
+</p>
-		background:transparent center no-repeat;
+</div>
-		background-size:cover;
+<strong>Risk assessment</strong>
-	}
+<div>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Cleaning the glass slide with detergent.</td><td> 1) Breakage of the glass slide; 2)naturally sharp edges on the glass slide.</td><td>Injury from broken slide or sharp edges</td><td>Handle glassware over the lab bench; wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); the usual precautions outlined in the "Use of Laboratory Glassware" SOP must be taken.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Transferring sample to the glass slide.</td><td> Breakage of glass slide.</td><td>Injury from broken slide.</td><td>Handle glassware over the lab bench; wear proper PPE; the usual precautions outlined in the "Use of Laboratory Glassware" SOP must be taken.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Overlay sample with a glass cover slip.</td><td>Dropping the cover slip onto the bench top or floor.</td><td>Breaking the glass coverslip when retrieving it & subsequent injury.</td><td>Wear proper PPE; use a brush and dustpan to retrieve the glass coverslip (do not attempt to use the coverslip- discard it into the glass waste).</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Transferring the glass slide to/from the microscope for viewing.</td><td>1) finger pinched (or cut) by the stage clip; 2) breakage of glass slide</td><td>Injury to fingers (pinch or cut).</td><td>1) Use both hands to position the slide, wear proper PPE; 2) handle glassware over the lab bench and use the precautions as outlined in the "Use of Laboratory Glassware" SOP.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>5</td><td>Looking through the eye piece to observe samples.</td><td>1) Accidental knocking of the one's head onto the eye piece; 2) backlight too intense </td><td>Injury of the eye.</td><td>1) Position hands around the eye pieces to help serve as a guide for lowering your head and eyes; 2) before viewing the sample, reduce the backlight to zero, then look into the eyepieces and raise the light intensity.</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>6</td><td>Leaving the backlight on to view the sample.</td><td>Overheating of microscope parts due to the backlight.</td><td>Slight burns upon skin contact with the heated light element.</td><td>Switch off backlights whenever not in use.</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>7</td><td>(Optional) Viewing fluorescence using the mercury lamp (aka Intensilight)  </td><td>Physical hazard- Mercury lamps release extremely potent and visible UV radiation.</td><td>Injury of the eye and skin.</td><td>Avoid looking at the microscope stage and slide directly- always view them through the UV light shield; note the number of hours the mercury lamp has been used (shown on the unit itself)- going beyond its expected lifespan (~2000 hrs) is an increased fire risk (see Nikon Intensilight manual).</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
-	.skrollr .gap {
+</div>
-		background:transparent !important;
+</div>
-	}
-	.gap-15 {
+<!--Clearing_Biohazard_Waste-->
-		height:15%;
+<!--<div id="Clearing_Biohazard_Waste">
-	}
+<strong>Link to protocol</strong>
+<div>
+<p>
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/d/d4/SPSingapore_Protocols_Clearing_Biohazard_Waste.pdf" target="_blank">Clearing Biohazard Waste</a>
+</p>
-	.gap-25 {
+</div>
-		height:25%;
+<strong>Risk assessment</strong>
-	}
+<div>
+<p>
-	.gap-50 {
-		height:50%;
-	}
-	.gap-100 {
+</p>
-		height:100%;
+</div>
-	}
+</div>-->
-	.gap-130 {
-		height:130%;
-	}
-	.header, .content {
+<!--Freezing_down_cells_Done-->
-		background:#fff;
+<div id="Freezing_down_cells">
-		padding:1em;
+<strong>Link to protocol</strong>
+<div>
+<p>
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/8d/SPSingapore_Protocols_Freezing_down_cells.pdf" target="_blank">Freezing down cells</a>
-		-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;
+</p>
-		-moz-box-sizing:border-box;
+</div>
-		box-sizing:border-box;
+<strong>Risk assessment</strong>
-	}
+<div>
+<style type="text/css">
-	.content-full {
+	table.tableizer-table {
-		height:100%;
+	border: 1px solid #CCC; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
-	}
+	font-size: 12px;
+}
-	#done {
+.tableizer-table td {
-		height:100%;
+	padding: 4px;
-	}
+	margin: 3px;
+	border: 1px solid #ccc;
-	<!-- accordion style-->
-	#accordionProject .ui-accordion-content {
-    max-height: 400px;
-	}
-	<!-- miscellaneous style -->
-	img.center {
-    display: block;
-    margin-left: auto;
-    margin-right: auto;
 }
+.tableizer-table th {
-#globalWrapper, #content { /*-- changes default wiki settings --*/
+	background-color: #104E8B;
-	width: 100%;
+	color: #FFF;
-	height: 100%;
+	font-weight: bold;
-	border: 0px;
-	background-color: transparent;
-	margin: 0px;
-	padding: 0px;
-}
-     .firstHeading{
-          display:none
 }
+</style><table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Grow your cells in a large plate (150 mm) to a confluent monolayer.</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,</td><td>Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury</td><td>All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Prepare 10 ml of cryo media. This is just 95% FBS and 5% DMSO. In a 15 ml tube, add 10 ml FBS and 0.555 ml DMSO. Mix well.</td><td>Spillage and exposure to DMSO which is an irritant</td><td>Eye contact with DMSO may cause blurry vision, burning sensation, redness, tearing, and vasodilation.</td><td>Wear proper PPE (goggles, gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; dispose of any spillage using the Chemical Spill SOPs.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>You will need to wash with ~20 ml of media, and use 5 ml of trypsin (3 ml media, 2 ml trypsin). Collect the trypsin/cells into a 50 ml tube (instead of 15 ml, using 5 ml serological pipette), and wash the plate with 20 ml of serum-containing media. After you remove the media from your cells, resuspend the pellet in the 10 ml of cryo media. Aliquot 1 ml of this into each of the 10 cryotubes.</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens, injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury. Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>Internal training is compulsory for centrifuge use and the centrifuge key.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand. When using the centrifuge, ensure centrifuge is balanced and rotor is placed correctly, and that all tubes are capped tightly. Close centrifuge properly and ensure that there are no funny sounds when centrifuge is running. Decontaminate waste using Presept tablets (dilute to 10% solution of activaed bleach to kill cells) and let the bleach decontaminate for half an hour before discarding with plenty of water and dilution.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Put the tubes into the Mr. Frosty and place in the -80ºC freezer. Keep in the freezer for 24 – 48 hours.</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,</td><td>Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury</td><td>All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
-	</style>
-</head>
-<body>
+</div>
-<nav style = "z-index:15">
+</div>
-  <ul style = "z-index: 15">
-    <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
-    <li><a href="#team">Team</a></li>
-    <li><a href="#project">Project</a></li>
-    <li><a href="#part">Part</a></li>
-    <li><a href="#notebook">Notebook</a></li>
-    <li><a href="#human_practice">Human Practice</a></li>
-    <li><a href="#safety">Safety</a></li>
-  </ul>
-</nav>
-	<!--
-		We position the images fixed and therefore need to place them outside of #skrollr-body.
-		We will then use data-anchor-target to display the correct image matching the current section (.gap element).
-	-->
-<!--Home image section but the image will be team image-->
+<!--Making_Bacterial_Media_Done-->
-	<div
+<div id="Making_Bacterial_Media">
-		class="parallax-image-wrapper parallax-image-wrapper-100"
+<strong>Link to protocol</strong>
-		data-anchor-target="#home + .gap"
+<div>
-		data-bottom-top="transform:translate3d(0px, 200%, 0px)"
+<p>
-		data-top-bottom="transform:translate3d(0px, 0%, 0px)">
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/5/5d/SPSingapore_Protocols_Making_Bacterial_Media.pdf" target="_blank">Making Bacterial Media</a>
-		<div
-			class="parallax-image parallax-image-100"
-			style="background-image:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/e/ec/SPSingapore_Background_Team.JPG)"
-			data-anchor-target="#home + .gap"
-			data-bottom-top="transform: translate3d(0px, -80%, 0px);"
-			data-top-bottom="transform: translate3d(0px, 80%, 0px);"
-		></div>
-		<!--the +/-80% translation can be adjusted to control the speed difference of the image-->
-	</div>
-<!--Team image section_mentor image -->
+</p>
-	<div
+</div>
-		class="parallax-image-wrapper parallax-image-wrapper-100"
+<strong>Risk assessment</strong>
-		data-anchor-target="#team + .gap"
+<div>
-		data-bottom-top="transform:translate3d(0px, 200%, 0px)"
+<table class="tableizer-table">
-		data-top-bottom="transform:translate3d(0px, 0%, 0px)">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Weigh out Lennox Broth/Miller Broth solid: 15g/L, add 10g/L agar for (1%) agar. (From scratch, weigh 1% peptone, 0.5% yeast extract, and 1% NaCl. ( NaCl 10 g/L, Peptone 10 g/L,  Yeast extract 5 g/L) LB broth suggested to be pH 7-7.2 (adjust with 1N NaOH). ). Add Bacterial agarose for 10g/L agar (1%).</td><td>Spillage of media</td><td>Accidental inhalation or ingestion of media powder. </td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Add Milliq water to media bottles. Cap tightly and shake throughly, making sure that the solid is all well distributed in solution. Loosen caps by a full turn and place a piece of dog-eared autoclave tape on the bottle. Never autoclave flammable liquids or tightly capped bottles.</td><td>Spillage of media</td><td>Accidental inhalation or ingestion of media powder. </td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Turn on the autoclave. Ensure that enough water is in the bottle, and in the bottom of autoclave, drain bottle empty, drain valve closed. Top up with Milliq water as required.Turn the autoclave machine to agar sterilisation mode, place balanced autoclave baskets of media bottles in the autoclave. Do not close the autoclave machine by hand. Use machine controls to close machine and start heating cycle.</td><td>Electric shock, heat burns, explosion</td><td>Heat or electrical burns from autoclave.</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>After the autoclave cycle is over and has cooled down, press the open button on the machine and let machine open and cool for 15 minutes. Using heatproof gloves, lift the autoclave basket onto trolley and push trolley into main lab area. Allow the agar to cool overnight before capping tightly and sealing with parafilm.</td><td>Electric shock, heat burns from steam</td><td>Heat burns from hot steam</td><td>wear proper PPE (goggles, gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Stand back when autoclave opens and allow steam to escape and machine to cool for 15min before removing baskets. Use heatproof gloves to handle autoclave baskets.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
-		<div
+</div>
-			class="parallax-image parallax-image-100"
+</div>
-			style="background-image:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/e/ee/SPSingapore_Team_Linda_meeting_grp.jpg)"
-			data-anchor-target="#team + .gap"
-			data-bottom-top="transform: translate3d(0px, -80%, 0px);"
-			data-top-bottom="transform: translate3d(0px, 80%, 0px);"
-		></div>
-	</div>
-<!--Project image section -->
+<!--Miniprep of Plasmid DNA_Done-->
+<div id="Plasmid_Making">
+<strong>Link to protocol</strong>
+<div>
+<p>
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/31/SPSingapore_Protocols_Plasmid_Making.pdf" target="_blank">Miniprep of Plasmid DNA</a>
-<div
+</p>
-		class="parallax-image-wrapper parallax-image-wrapper-100"
+</div>
-		data-anchor-target="#mentor + .gap"
+<strong>Risk assessment</strong>
-		data-bottom-top="transform:translate3d(0px, 200%, 0px)"
+<div>
-		data-top-bottom="transform:translate3d(0px, 0%, 0px)">
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Inoculate bateria in 3mL of LB+antibiotic to grow for 16 hours at 37 degrees in a shaking incubator.</td><td>Biological exposure, breakage of glassware</td><td>Handling of bacteria outside of a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet risks generating aerosol particles which may be inhaled or ingested</td><td>Internal training is compulsory. Conduct routine bacteria work in a Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet. Wear suitable PPE (e.g. lab coat, covered shoes, gloves); decontaminate equipment and/or small spills with 70% ethanol or DeCon90.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Pellet Bacteria in 1.5mL tubes in a microcentrifuge at maximum speed for 5 minutes. Pour away the LB media into a waste containter containing 10% bleach.</td><td>Biological exposure</td><td>Spillage of bacteria culture.</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Resuspend the bacterial cells in Resuspension solution, vortexing lightly to ensure pellet is fully resuspended in solution. Add Lysis buffer and incubate till solution is clear and there is no cloudy bacteria for 2 minutes. Add Neutralisation solution and invert 4-6 times to mix immediately.</td><td>Biological exposure</td><td>Spillage of bacteria culture, and buffers</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Pellet the lysed bacteria by centrifugation for  5 minutes. Run the flow through in DNA binding columns.</td><td>Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>5</td><td>Add wash buffer to wash through the colomns and precipitate DNA. Centrifuge for 1 min, then pour out the remaining wash buffer in the tube. Centrifuge for a further 2 minutes to dry the coloumn.</td><td>Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>6</td><td>Add 30-50ul of nuclease free water to the column. Spin down the DNA and quantify concentration using the Thermo Scientific nanodrop.</td><td>Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes). Clean the bench with 70% ethanol after work for the day. Ensue that the centrifuge is balanced.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
-		<div
+</div>
-			class="parallax-image parallax-image-100"
+</div>
-			style="background-image:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/1f/SPSingapore_Background_Project.JPG)"
-			data-anchor-target="#mentor + .gap"
-			data-bottom-top="transform: translate3d(0px, -80%, 0px);"
-			data-top-bottom="transform: translate3d(0px, 80%, 0px);"
-		></div>
-	</div>
-<!-- Part image section-->
+<!--Subculturing_for_adherent_cell_lines_Done-->
+<div id="Subculturing_for_adherent_cell_lines">
-    <div
+<strong>Link to protocol</strong>
-		class="parallax-image-wrapper parallax-image-wrapper-100"
+<div>
-		data-anchor-target="#project + .gap"
+<p>
-		data-bottom-top="transform:translate3d(0px, 200%, 0px)"
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/1e/SPSingapore_Protocols_Subculturing_for_adherent_cell_lines.pdf" target="_blank">Subculturing for adherent cell lines</a>
-		data-top-bottom="transform:translate3d(0px, 0%, 0px)">
-		<div
+</p>
-			class="parallax-image parallax-image-100"
+</div>
-			style="background-image:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/10/SPSingapore_Background_Parts.png)"
+<strong>Risk assessment</strong>
-			data-anchor-target="#project + .gap"
+<div>
-			data-bottom-top="transform: translate3d(0px, -80%, 0px);"
-			data-top-bottom="transform: translate3d(0px, 80%, 0px);"
-		></div>
-	</div>
-<!-- Notebook image section-->
-       <div
-		class="parallax-image-wrapper parallax-image-wrapper-100"
-		data-anchor-target="#part + .gap"
-		data-bottom-top="transform:translate3d(0px, 200%, 0px)"
-		data-top-bottom="transform:translate3d(0px, 0%, 0px)">
-		<div
+<table class="tableizer-table">
-			class="parallax-image parallax-image-100"
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
-			style="background-image:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/06/SPSingapore_Background_Safety.JPG)"
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Remove and discard old media. Avoid disturbing the adhered cells.</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,</td><td>Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury</td><td>All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-			data-anchor-target="#part + .gap"
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Wash flask/dish with 10 ml of DMEM (-), then remove. Avoid washing off cells.</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,</td><td>Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury</td><td>All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-			data-bottom-top="transform: translate3d(0px, -80%, 0px);"
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Trypsinize the cells by adding 2 ml of DMEM (-) and 1ml of trypsin. Swirl the flask/dish, then incubate for 4 – 7 minutes.</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,</td><td>Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury</td><td>All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-			data-top-bottom="transform: translate3d(0px, 80%, 0px);"
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Add 10 ml of DMEM (+) to stop the action of trypsin, then wash the flask/dish to wash off more cells. Transfer the cells into a 15 ml Falcon tube.</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens,</td><td>Exposure to mammalian cells and blood borne pathogens, self-inoculation by needlestick injury</td><td>All personel handling cell lines are to have Hep B vaccination, and passage numbers are not to be maintained too high. Internal training is compulsory.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the dedicated BSL2 biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-		></div>
+ <tr><td>5</td><td>Spin down cells by centrifuging at room temperature (25oC), 800 rpm for 5 minutes. After centrifuging, pour out the media without disturbing the cell pellet. Resuspend cell pellet with 1 ml DMEM (+) by pipetting up and down at least 10 – 15 times. Split cells into new culture dish/flask at the desired and recommended density (usually ~30-40% for cell maintenance).</td><td>Spillage, biological exposure to mammalian cells and endogenous viruses/blood borne pathogens, injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>Internal training is compulsory for centrifuge use and the centrifuge key.  wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand. When using the centrifuge, ensure centrifuge is balanced and rotor is placed correctly, and that all tubes are capped tightly. Close centrifuge properly and ensure that there are no funny sounds when centrifuge is running. Decontaminate waste using Presept tablets (dilute to 10% solution of activaed bleach to kill cells) and let the bleach decontaminate for half an hour before discarding with plenty of water and dilution.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
-	</div>
+</table>
-<!-- Human practice image section-->
-	<div
-            class="parallax-image-wrapper parallax-image-wrapper-50"
-notebook    data-anchor-target="#notebook + .gap"
-            data-bottom-top="transform:translate3d(0px, 300%, 0px)"
-            data-top-bottom="transform:translate3d(0px, 0%, 0px)">
-            <div
-                class="parallax-image parallax-image-50"
-                style="background-image:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/06/SPSingapore_Background_Safety.JPG)"
-                data-anchor-target="#notebook + .gap"
-                data-bottom-top="transform: translate3d(0px, -60%, 0px);"
-                data-top-bottom="transform: translate3d(0px, 60%, 0px);"
-            ></div>
-        </div>
-<!-- Safety image section-->
+</div>
+</div>
-	<div
+<!--Ligation Protocol with T4 DNA ligase-->
-            class="parallax-image-wrapper parallax-image-wrapper-50"
+<div id="Ligation_Protocol_with_DNA_ligase">
-notebook    data-anchor-target="#human_practice + .gap"
+<strong>Link to protocol</strong>
-            data-bottom-top="transform:translate3d(0px, 300%, 0px)"
+<div>
-            data-top-bottom="transform:translate3d(0px, 0%, 0px)">
+<p>
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/f/f4/SPSingapore_Protocols_Ligation_Protocol_with_T4_DNA_Ligase.pdf" target="_blank">Ligation Protocol with T4 DNA ligase</a>
-            <div
-                class="parallax-image parallax-image-50"
-                style="background-image:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/06/SPSingapore_Background_Safety.JPG)"
-                data-anchor-target="#human_practice + .gap"
-                data-bottom-top="transform: translate3d(0px, -60%, 0px);"
-                data-top-bottom="transform: translate3d(0px, 60%, 0px);"
-            ></div>
-        </div>
-<!-- End: organization and sponsorship-->
-	<div
+</p>
-            class="parallax-image-wrapper parallax-image-wrapper-50"
-            data-anchor-target="#safety + .gap"
-            data-bottom-top="transform:translate3d(0px, 300%, 0px)"
-            data-top-bottom="transform:translate3d(0px, 0%, 0px)">
-            <div
-                class="parallax-image parallax-image-50"
-                style="background-image:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/06/SPSingapore_Background_Safety.JPG)"
-                data-anchor-target="#safety + .gap"
-                data-bottom-top="transform: translate3d(0px, -60%, 0px);"
-                data-top-bottom="transform: translate3d(0px, 60%, 0px);"
-            ></div>
-        </div>
-<div id="skrollr-body">
-    <!--Home section-->
-  <div class="content" id="home">
-			Home
 </div>
+<strong>Risk assessment</strong>
-     <!--Team section-->
+<div>
-		<div class="gap gap-100" style="background-image:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/e/ec/SPSingapore_Background_Team.JPG); height: 300px">						        </div>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
-  <div class="content content-full bigDiv" id="team" height = "650px">
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Adjust Thermocycler to 16 degrees hold.</td><td>Electric shock</td><td>Possibility of electric shock</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)/</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/8f/SPSingapore_Text_MeetTheTeam.png" width = "30%"/>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Add aliquots of cut vector and insert to water and T4 ligase buffer in a 0.2mL pcr tube.</td><td>Biological exposure</td><td>Spillage of buffer and DNA</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)/</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-                  <table width="100%" border="2" cellpadding="2">
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Lightly centrifuge the pcr tube in a microcentrifuge. Add an appropriate volume of ligase and centrifuge again.</td><td>Spillage, Biological exposure , injury due to improper usage of centrifuge and fingers</td><td>Injury due to imbalanced centrifuge and trapping of limbs or fingers</td><td>Internal training is compulsory.wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes); handle cells in the biosafety cabinet; have disinfectant (e.g. 70 % ethanol) on hand. When using the centrifuge, ensure centrifuge is balanced and rotor is placed correctly, and that all tubes are capped tightly. Close centrifuge properly and ensure that there are no funny sounds when centrifuge is running.</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-                  <tr>
+ <tr><td>4</td><td>Place pcr tube into thermocycler and ligate overnight at 16 degrees.</td><td>Biological exposure</td><td>Spillage of buffer and DNA</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes)/</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
-                    <!-- picture of whole team -->
-                    <th width="61%" scope="row"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/9/9a/SPSingapore_Team_WholeTeam.png" title = "click on member to see details" usemap = "#Map" id = "wholeTeam" height = "450px"/></th>
-                    <!-- picture of each individual -->
-                    <td width="39%">
-                        <div id = "empty" width="500" height="376">
-                        </div>
-                        <div id = "kenneth" class = "memberPicture">
-                            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/cc/SPSingapore_People_kenneth.jpg" width="500" height="376" alt="kenneth" float = "left"/>
-                                <p><b>Kenneth Lim Kun Ming</b></p>
-                                <p>
-                                    Research Interest: Bioinformatics, Genetic analysis
-                                    Random fact: Is apparently Schrˆdinger's Biologist
-                                </p>
-                      </div>
-                            <!--kenneth-->
-                        <div id = "clarice" width = "100%" height = "auto">
-                            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/3d/SPSingapore_People_clarice.jpg" width="500" height="376" />
-                          <p><b>Clarice Hong Kit Yee</b></p>
-                            <p>Research Interest: genetics, RNA, cancer
-                            Past research projects: (can't rmb, tell you later)
-                            <p>Current project: Differential roles of SALL4A and SALL4B in HCC
-                            <p>
-                        </div> <!--clarice-->
-                        <div id = "chi_yan" width = "100%" height = "auto">
-                        <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/80/SPSingapore_Team_Chiyan.jpg" width="251" height="376" alt="chiyan">
-                          <p><b>Wong Chi Yan</b></p>
-                                <p>Research Interest: Microbiology, molecular biology, proteomics                            </p>
-                                <p>Past research project: Genetic studies on Salmonella biofilms                            </p>
-                                <p>Current project: Role of fumarase and cysteine dehydrogenase in DNA damage response </p>
-                                <p>Random fact: Likes statistics and playing volleyball :)</p>
-                        </div><!--chiyan-->
-                      <div id = "xin_yi" width = "100%" height = "auto">
-                        <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/36/SPSingapore_People_xinYi.jpg" width="500" height="376" />
-                        <p><b>Yeo Xin Yi</b></p>
-                              <p>Research Interests: Neurobiology, Neurosciences                          </p>
-                                <p>Past research projects: Role of STAT in neuroinflammation and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease</p>
-                                <p> Current research projects: Synaptic plasticity threshold in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, Role of WNK1 in neuronal survival and development                            </p>
-                                <p>Random fact: Blah ~</p>
-                      </div>
-                        <!--xinyi-->
-                      <div id = "yi_han" width = "100%" height = "auto">
-                        <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/f/f8/SPSingapore_People_yiHan.jpg" width="500" height="376" />
-                        <p><b>Tan Yi Han</b></p>
-                          <p>Research Interests: Pathogens, Immunology, Synthetic biology                      </p>
-                            <p>Past research projects: Genetic studies on plant pathogenic fungi, Drug screening for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia                        </p>
-                            <p>Current project: Characterisation of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from liver abscess                        </p>
-                            <p>Random fact: Knits and bakes in spare time. =)</p>
-                      </div>
-                        <!--yihan-->
-                        <div id = "yan_ting" width = "100%" height = "auto">
-                        <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/2/2d/SPSingapore_People_yanTing.jpg" width="500" height="376" alt="yanting">
-                            <strong>Hee Yanting</strong>
-                            <p>Research Interests: RNA, genomics, epigenetics</p>
-                            <p>Past research projects: microRNA as a potential therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer, Characterising LPA1 antagonists using calcium imaging</p>
-                            <p>Current project: The role and targeting of EZH2 in lymphoma</p>
-                            <p>Random fact: Plays the erhu and self-learning cello and classical guitar<p>
-                        </div>
-                        <!--yanting-->
-                        <div id = "adrian" width = "100%" height = "auto">
-                          <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/00/SPSingapore_People_adrian.jpg" width="500" height="376" />
-                          <strong>Adrian Tan Hong Ji
-                          </strong></p>
-                          <p>Research Interest: Genetic Engineering, Cancer, Immunology</p>
-                          <p> Random fact: 500 Hours in Terraria </p>
-                        </div>
-                        <!--adrian-->
-                        <div id = "yun_ting" width = "100%" height = "auto">
-                            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/80/SPSingapore_Team_Yunting.jpg" width="251" height="376" alt="yunting">
-    <p><b>Soong Yun Ting</b>
-                  </p>
-                            <p>Research Interests: Proteomics,
-                            Past research projects: Genetic studies on Salmonella biofilms                        </p>
-                            <p>Current project: Identification of protein players in metastasis                        </p>
-                            <p>Random fact: Plays the harmonica </p>
-                        </div>
-                        <!--yunting-->
-                        <div id = "duy" width = "100%" height = "auto">
-                        <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/5/51/SPSingapore_Team_Duy.jpg" width="500" alt="duy">
-                                <p><strong>Nguyen Duy</strong></p>
-                                <p>Research Interest: Pharmacoinfomatics, Bioinformatics, Neurosciences                      </p>
-                                <p>Past research project: Genetic linkage analysis of asthma</p>
-                                <p> Current project: Neurodegeneration of Drosophila Melanogaster.                      </p>
-                                <p>Random fact: 0 hour in Terraria </p>
-                        </div>
-                        <!--duy-->
-                    </td>
-                  </tr>
-                </table>
-    <map name="Map" id="Map">
-      <area id = "kenneth_map" shape="poly"  color="green" href="javascript:void(0);" coords="205,129,173,173,170,211,178,239,184,266,171,288,130,302,93,325,71,373,62,429,60,469,63,503,64,534,92,499,129,465,165,443,178,397,205,275,224,258,271,258,298,228,306,187,297,153,267,127,238,121" onclick = "showDetail('kenneth')"/>
-      <area id = "clarice_map" shape="poly" color="green" href="javascript:void(0);" coords="67,834,83,787,83,763,63,729,57,706,57,672,57,560,70,529,91,500,125,472,167,447,185,378,194,340,202,295,209,273,231,261,268,261,293,266,317,282,328,297,329,315,331,371,300,433,331,457,355,471,372,483,380,493,334,609,320,671,343,695,341,746,372,784,364,826,360,838,405,839" href="#" onclick = "showDetail('clarice')"/>
-      <area id = "xin_yi_map" shape="poly" color="green" href="javascript:void(0);" coords="407,841,385,802,366,767,353,729,346,679,346,661,331,649,339,603,361,542,380,501,390,491,457,470,479,451,476,438,471,411,466,388,459,359,466,336,487,307,511,294,538,292,559,302,579,343,586,365,586,386,577,436,563,460,565,476,602,479,630,485,651,500,664,533,660,562,656,585,649,615,649,639,654,654,661,668,656,709,638,748,614,787,604,808,610,820,618,836" href="#" onclick = "showDetail('xin_yi')"/>
-      <area id = "chi_yan_map" shape="poly" color="green" href="javascript:void(0);" coords="388,487,363,473,326,448,309,429,319,406,335,375,334,354,363,342,376,338,387,260,399,207,424,186,453,183,472,192,490,212,498,239,504,262,505,284,481,309,464,336,457,370,466,393,472,423,475,442,474,453,452,470" href="#" onclick = "showDetail('chi_yan')"/>
-      <area id = "yi_han_map" shape="poly" color="green" href="javascript:void(0);" coords="667,522,657,502,621,479,578,471,567,461,579,439,589,395,590,359,585,348,603,343,603,307,607,253,626,222,646,206,672,205,698,212,709,237,719,264,730,292,733,321,739,359,737,379,731,416,725,449,717,473,715,483" href="#" onclick = "showDetail('yi_han')"/>
-      <area id = "yanting_map" shape="poly" color="green" href="javascript:void(0);" coords="717,838,677,841,686,789,668,720,664,690,660,661,650,622,658,585,670,527,693,505,720,482,729,445,738,382,767,319,788,305,804,305,828,307,864,343,877,364,874,388,879,413,908,494,920,539,922,554,931,572,942,629,937,680,932,703,931,722,927,743,917,778,895,839" href="#" onclick = "showDetail('yan_ting')"/>
-      <area id = "yunting_map" shape="poly" color="green" href="javascript:void(0);" coords="933,836,933,813,932,760,935,702,942,662,944,620,933,565,947,534,981,489,1010,474,1022,460,1006,421,993,401,996,382,1006,331,1030,308,1051,307,1081,304,1106,316,1137,349,1129,328,1143,383,1148,410,1152,452,1159,484,1204,520,1220,551,1234,596,1239,618,1246,656,1250,675,1216,713,1216,739,1218,778,1219,810,1219,831" href="#" onclick = "showDetail('yun_ting')"/>
-      <area id = "adrian_map" shape="poly" color="green" href="javascript:void(0);" coords="930,559,917,516,903,472,886,424,878,396,881,366,887,354,906,347,917,342,920,331,915,326,909,299,907,252,922,228,948,209,968,207,987,210,1001,220,1011,236,1016,266,1012,292,1012,306,1005,330,999,360,996,394,997,411,1005,432,1015,447,1018,457" href="#" onclick = "showDetail('adrian')"/>
-      <area id = "duy_map" shape="poly" color="green" href="javascript:void(0);" coords="1225,834,1219,719,1250,680,1246,633,1224,552,1208,520,1168,487,1157,465,1148,395,1143,369,1183,334,1178,303,1165,286,1154,249,1178,199,1211,183,1234,190,1263,203,1277,234,1279,266,1277,291,1269,309,1274,326,1306,347,1360,377,1369,488,1357,542" href="#" onclick = "showDetail('duy')"/>
-    </map>
-  </div>
-    <!-- Mentor section-->
-  <div class="gap gap-15" style="background-image:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/e/ee/SPSingapore_Team_Linda_meeting_grp.jpg); height : 300px">
-  </div>
-        <div class="content content-full" id="mentor" style = "height:150%">
-    <div id = "ourBelovedMentorsTxtContainer" width = "100%">
-    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/07/SPSingapore_Head_OurBelovedMentors.png" width="30%" alt="ourBelovedMentors">
-    </div>
-     <div id = "ourBelovedMentorsContainer" width = "100%">
-    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/f/f1/SPSingapore_Team_Linda_stuti_leslie.jpg" width="50%" alt="linda_stuti_leslie" class = "center">
-    </div>
-<table width="100%" border="2">
-  <tr>
-    <td width = "33%"><p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b2/SPSingapore_People_advisor_Leslie.jpeg" width="200" height="260" alt="Leslie">
-        </p>
-      <p><strong>Leslie Gapter</strong></p>
-      <p>Dr. Leslie is trained as a molecular biologist and her dissertation focused on breast development and tumorigenesis. Leslie joined NUS in 2005 and her past research has focused on analyzing botanical products for breast and prostate cancer treatment. </p>
-      <p>In 2008, Leslie became a full time scientific writer at the Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, before moving into her current position as a Lecturer in 2010. Leslie teaches 'The Cell' module, which examines the universal mechanics and functions of cells from an integrated science perspective, for the Special Program in Science.</p></td>
-    <td width = "33%"><p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/9/92/SPSingapore_People_advisor_Linda.jpg" width="250" height="338" alt="Linda">			    <p><strong>Linda J Kenney</strong></p>
-      <p>Dr Kenney is a Professor of Microbiology at the University of Illinois-Chicago. Her laboratory studies two-component systems in bacteria that control gene expression at a single cell and nanometer level.</p></td>
-    <td width = "33%"><p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/67/SPSingapore_People_Advisor_Stuti.jpg" width="220" height="300" alt="Stuti">
-      </p>
-      <p><strong>Stuti Desai </strong></p>
-      <p>She joined the Kenney group in May, 2012 with a strong urge to amalgamate her doctoral training in studying silent genetic systems in enterics to decipher the behavior of bacteria under various environmental challenges. She obtained her doctorate from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, under the guidance of Prof Subramony Mahadevan. She studied Biochemistry for my Master's degree and Chemistry, Physics and Zoology for her Bachelor's degree at the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Baroda, India. </p></td>
-  </tr>
 </table>
-   	</div>
-   <!--Project section-->
-        <div class="gap gap-130" style="background-image:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/1f/SPSingapore_Background_Project.JPG); height:300px"></div>
-		<div class="content content-full bigDiv" id="project">
-        	<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/e/ec/SPSingapore_Text_TheProjects.png" width="30%" alt="theProject">
-            <div id="accordionProject">
-              <h3>Description</h3>
-              <div>
-                    <p>
-                    For description
-                    </p>
-              </div>
-              <h3>Experiment and Protocol</h3>
-                  <div>
-                    <p>
-                    For experiment and protocol
-                    </p>
-                  </div>
-              <h3>Result</h3>
-                  <div>
-                    <p>
-                    For result
-                    <p>
-                  </div>
-              <h3>Design</h3>
-                  <div>
-                    <p>
-                    For design
-                    </p>
-                  </div>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-  <div class="gap gap-50" style="background-image:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/10/SPSingapore_Background_Parts.png); height: 300px"></div>
-       <!--part section-->
-        <div class="content content-full bigDiv" id="part">
-	    	<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/08/SPSingapore_Text_Part.png" width="30%" alt="Parts">
-            <div id="accordionPart">
-                  <h3>Team part</h3>
-              <div>
-                    <p>
-                    For Team part
-                    </p>
-              </div>
-                  <h3>Basic part</h3>
-                  <div>
-                    <p>
-                    For basic part
-                    </p>
-                  </div>
-                  <h3>Composite part</h3>
-                  <div>
-                    <p>
-                    For composite part
-                    <p>
-                  </div>
-                  <h3>Part collection</h3>
-                  <div>
-                    <p>
-                    For part collection
-                    </p>
-                  </div>
-          </div>
-  </div>
-  <div class="gap gap-50" style="background-image:url(navigation/project.jpg);"></div>
-        <!--notebook section-->
-        <div class="content content-full bigDiv" id="notebook">
-          <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/81/SPSingapore_text_Notebook.png" width="30%"  alt="notebook"></p>
-          <table width="100%" border="2" cellpadding="2">
-            <tr>
-                <th scope="row" width = "50%">
-                	<div id='calendar'></div>
-                </th>
-                <td>
-                	<div id = "notebookContainer">
-                    </div>
-                </td>
-              </tr>
-            </table>
-            <div id = "calendarStorage">
-      				<!-- 25_05 -->
-                    <div id = "25_05">
-                        <p><strong>Yi Han            	</strong></p>
-                        <p>Received 2 bacterial stab cultures, EsaR/I plasmid from addgene (CHL) and BBa_K299812 from iGEM HQ. 				</p>
-                        <p>Streaked out on plates with amp. </p>
-              </div>
-                    <!-- 26_05 -->
-                    <div id = "26_05">
-                    	<p><strong>Adrian                      </strong></p>
-                    	<p>Transformed:</p>
-                    	<p>	 +Kit plate 1 9N Ba_K763002 chl                    	  </p>
-                    	<p>+Kit plate 4 13L BBa_E0040 amp </p>
-                    	<p>DNa was received in powder form in plates, and resuspended in 10ul ultrapure H2O respectively. Plates were stored in -20/ </p>
-                      <p><strong>Yi Han                      </strong></p>
-                        <p>Plates cracked in incubator as they dried from lack of humidity.
-                        </p>
-                        <p>Transfer to small incubator with beaker of water for humidity
-                          no single colonies for inv plasmid -> streak again.
-                        </p>
-                        <p>Wrong antibiotic for EsaR/I plasmid-> streak out again
-                        </p>
-                    </div>
-                    <!-- 28_05 -->
-                    <div id = "28_05">
-                        <p><strong>Yi Han            	</strong></p>
-                          <p>Inoculate single colony of invasin plasmid carrying bacteria in 3mL LB+amp                          </p>
-                      <p>Transformation of 13L repeated with 1ul of DNA. </p>
-                     </div>
-                     <!-- 29_05 -->
-              		<div id = "29_05">
-                        <strong>Xin Yi</strong>
-                      </p>
-                <p>No colonies grew for 13L on all plates ->adjust incubator, make new media
-                </p>
-                      <p>Miniprep of inoculated bacteria for invasin plasmid                      </p>
-                <p>RE of invasin plasmid:
-                        RsaI 1ul,
-                        EcoRI 1ul,
-                        INv plasmid 7.5ul,
-                        H20 35.5ul,
-                        NEB buffer 4 5ul,
-degC for 1h 20min                        </p>
-                <p>RE control:
-                        RsaI 0ul,
-                        EcoRI 0ul,
-                        Inv plasmid 7.5ul,
-                        H2O 37.5ul,
-                 BUffer 4 5ul </p>
-                      <p><img src="notebookPicture/29_05.png" width="466" height="322" alt="29_05_gelRun"></p>
-                      Repeat transformation of 13L with 1ul
-              </div>
-          </div>
+</div>
-  </div>
-  			<div class="gap gap-50" style="background-image:url(navigation/project.jpg);"></div>
-        <!--Human Practice section-->
-        <div class="content content-full bigDiv" id="human_practice">
-	    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/f/f1/SPSingapore_Text_HumanPractice.png" width="40%" alt="human practice"> </div>
-  			<div class="gap gap-50" style="background-image:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/06/SPSingapore_Background_Safety.JPG);"></div>
-        <!--safety section-->
-        <div class="content content-full bigDiv" id="safety">
-	    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/0f/SPSingpore_Text_Safety.png" width="30%" alt="safety"> </div>
-  			<div class="gap gap-50" style="background-image:url(navigation/project.jpg);"></div>
-  <div class="content" id="done">
-			done
-  </div>
 </div>
-	<script>
-	//script for parallax
-	</script>
-</body>
-<!-- script for member highlight when click-->
-<script>
-var memberName = ["empty","kenneth", "clarice", "chi_yan", "xin_yi", "yi_han", "yan_ting", "adrian", "yun_ting", "duy"];
-var arrayLength = memberName.length;
+<!--Antibiotic Preparation-->
+<div id="Antibiotic_Preparation">
-$( window ).load(
+<strong>Link to protocol</strong>
+<div>
+<p>
+<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/0f/SPSingapore_Protocols_Antibiotic_Preparation2.pdf" target="_blank">Antibiotic Preparation</a>
-function() {
+</p>
-  for (var i = 0; i < arrayLength; i++) {
+</div>
-		document.getElementById(memberName[i]).style.display = "none";
+<strong>Risk assessment</strong>
-	}
+<div>
-  skrollr.init({
+<table class="tableizer-table">
-		smoothScrolling: false,
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
-		mobileDeceleration: 0.004
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Weigh out antibiotics in a blue falcon tube. Prepare atibotic concentrations to 100ug/mL.</td><td>Spillage of antibiotics</td><td>Accidental inhalation or ingestion of antibiotics</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-	});
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Add Milliq water to blue falcon tube. Vortex and allow to incubate at room temperature till antibiotics are dissolved.</td><td>Spillage of antibiotics</td><td>Accidental inhalation or ingestion of antibiotics</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
-  alert("welcome!");
+  <tr><td>3</td><td>Filter the antibiotics through a 0.2um filter using a sterile syringe in the bacterial BSC. Prepare aliquots of 250ul or less of antibiotics as working stock for concentration saccording to the antibiotic concentrations listed in the recommended amounts  and store in antibiotics drawer in the -20 fridge.</td><td>Spillage of antibiotics</td><td>Accidental inhalation or ingestion of antibiotics</td><td>wear proper PPE (gloves, lab coat, covered shoes).</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
-});
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
-</script>
+<!--Agarose Electrophoresis-->
+<div id="Agarose_Electrophoresis">
+<strong>Risk assessment</strong>
+<div>
+<table class="tableizer-table">
+<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th>No</th><th>Desription/Details of Steps in Activity</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Possible Accident / Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk</th><th>Existing Risk Control (Mitigation)</th><th>Severity</th><th>Likelihood (Probability)</th><th>Risk Level</th><th>Additional Risk Control</th><th>Person Responsible</th><th>By (Date)</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>1</td><td>Heat agarose powder in TAE buffer until dissolved. Cool agarose to 50 degrees and add Sybr Safe DNA stain. </td><td>Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes</td><td>Spillage of heated agarose</td><td>A work bench is specially allocated for DNA gel electrophoresis. Sybr Safe is used as it is not as toxic as Etbr. Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, mask). Heat agarose slowly to avoid boiling and spillage out of the flask. Sybr safe solution is added to the flask in a fume hood after the agarose has cooled to reduce the chance of producing vapors. </td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>2</td><td>Pour the agarose into the casting tray and allow the gel to solidify over 30 minutes.</td><td>Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes</td><td>Spillage of heated agarose</td><td>Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, mask). Casting tray is contained in appropriate trays to contain any accidental spillage. Handle hot flask of agarose with a heatprooof glove.</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>3</td><td>Remove gel tray and fillthe electrophoresis apparatus with TAE buffer. Load the DNA sample and resolve through the gel </td><td>Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes; electrical hazard</td><td>Electric shock may occur if connecting and disconnecting the apparatus without powering off the machine. Accidental physical contact with Sybr Safe containing agarose gel </td><td>Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat). All procedures are performed with electrophoresis equipment contained within appropriate trays to contain any accidental spillage.  Connect and disconnect the apparatus only when it is powered off. Do not touch the apparatus while the gel is running.</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>5</td><td>Visualize the gel under UV light. Discard gel for incineration at medical waste disposal plant.</td><td>Chemical hazard- Sybr safe is an intercalating dye but unable to diffuse across cell membranes; biological hazard- UV light is mutagenic</td><td>Electric shock may occur if connecting and disconnecting the apparatus without powering off the machine. Accidental physical contact with Sybr Safe containing agarose gel </td><td>Wear appropriate PPE (nitrile gloves, lab coat, UV resistant goggles). </td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--Microscopy-->
+<!--<div id="Microscopy">
+<strong>Risk assessment</strong>
+<div>
+</div>
+</div>-->
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="gap gap-50" style=background-image:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/10/SPSingapore_Background_Parts.png);height:300px></div>
+<div class="content content-full bigDiv" id=part style="height:600px; ; overflow:scroll">
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/08/SPSingapore_Text_Part.png width=30% alt=Parts>
+<div id=accordionPart>
+<h3>Team part</h3>
+<div>
+<p>
+For Team part
+</p>
+</div>
+<h3>Basic part</h3>
+<div>
+<p>
+For basic part
+</p>
+</div>
+<h3>Composite part</h3>
+<div>
+<p>
+For composite part
+<p>
+</div>
+<h3>Part collection</h3>
+<div>
+<p>
+For part collection
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="gap gap-50" style=background-image:url(navigation/project.jpg);height:300px></div>
+<div class="content content-full bigDiv" id="notebook">
+<p><img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/81/SPSingapore_text_Notebook.png width=30% alt=notebook></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=row width=50%>
+<div id=calendarLegend>
+<div id=project1Legend style=width:100%;height:30px>
+<div id=project1LegendPicture style=width:45px;height:17px;border-radius:7px;background-color:black;padding:4px;float:left;margin:3px></div>
+<div style=float:left;display:inline;margin:3px>esaGFP quorum sensing [Adrian, Clarice, Kenneth]</div>
+</div>
+<div id=project2Legend style=width:100%;height:30px>
+<div id=project2LegendPicture style=width:45px;height:17px;border-radius:7px;background-color:blue;padding:4px;float:left;margin:3px></div>
+<div style=float:left;display:inline;margin:3px>Invasin + Listeriolysin [YanTing, YunTing]</div>
+</div>
+<div id=project4Legend style=width:100%;height:30px>
+  <div id=project4LegendPicture style=width:45px;height:17px;border-radius:7px;background-color:red;padding:4px;float:left;margin:3px></div>
+<div style=float:left;display:inline;margin:3px>Maintenance</div>
+</div>
+<div id=project6Legend style=width:100%;height:30px>
+  <div id=project6LegendPicture style=width:45px;height:17px;border-radius:7px;background-color:brown;padding:4px;float:left;margin:3px></div>
+<div style=float:left;display:inline;margin:3px>FNRgfp [YiHan, ChiYan]</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id=calendar style=margin:3px;float:left></div>
+</th>
+<td>
+<div id=notebookContainer>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<div id=calendarStorage>
+<div id=25_05>
+<p><strong>Yi Han </strong></p>
+<p>Received 2 bacterial stab cultures, EsaR/I plasmid from addgene (CHL) and BBa_K299812 from iGEM HQ. </p>
+<p>Streaked out on plates with amp. </p>
+</div>
+<div id=26_05>
+<p><strong>Adrian </strong></p>
+<p>Transformed:</p>
+<p> +Kit plate 1 9N Ba_K763002 chl </p>
+<p>+Kit plate 4 13L BBa_E0040 amp </p>
+<p>DNa was received in powder form in plates, and resuspended in 10ul ultrapure H2O respectively. Plates were stored in -20/ </p>
+<p><strong>Yi Han </strong></p>
+<p>Plates cracked in incubator as they dried from lack of humidity.
+</p>
+<p>Transfer to small incubator with beaker of water for humidity
+no single colonies for inv plasmid -> streak again.
+</p>
+<p>Wrong antibiotic for EsaR/I plasmid-> streak out again
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=28_05>
+<p><strong>Yi Han </strong></p>
+<p>Inoculate single colony of invasin plasmid carrying bacteria in 3mL LB+amp </p>
+<p>Transformation of 13L repeated with 1ul of DNA. </p>
+</div>
+<div id=29_05>
+<strong>Xin Yi</strong>
+</p>
+<p>No colonies grew for 13L on all plates ->adjust incubator, make new media
+</p>
+<p>Miniprep of inoculated bacteria for invasin plasmid, incubate sample in 37degC for 1h 20min </p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>RE of invasin plasmid</th>
+<th scope=col>RE control</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Rsal 1ul</td>
+<td>Rsal 0 ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>EcoRI 1 ul</td>
+<td>EcoRI 0 ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>INv plasmid 7.5ul</td>
+<td>Inv plasmid 7.5 ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O 35.5 ul</td>
+<td>H2O 37.5 ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>NEB buffer 4.5 ul</td>
+<td>Buffer 4.5 ul</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><img src=notebookPicture/29_05.png width=466 height=322 alt=29_05_gelRun></p>
+Repeat transformation of 13L with 1ul
+</div>
+<div id=30_05>
+<p><strong>Xin Yi and Yi Han</strong></p>
+<p>Miniprep of EsaR/I plasmid for 4 colonies </p>
+<p>Restriction digest for EsaR with XbaI/BamHI </p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>RE reaction</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>5ul plasmid</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>5ul buffer</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>1ul XbaI</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>1ul BamHI</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Add H2O to 50ul </td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div id=31_05>
+<p><strong>Xin Yi </strong></p>
+<p>Sent EsaR clone 4 and INv-4 for sequencing. </p>
+</div>
+<div id=02_06>
+<strong>Yi Han</strong>
+<p>YFP and GFP transformation results - no colonies for YFP </p>
+<p>The GFP transformation repeated with 100ng of plasmid was sucessful.</p>
+<p> 4 colonies of gfp plasmid were inoculated in 3mL LB+amp and grown overnight. </p>
+</div>
+<div id=03_06>
+<strong>Yi Han</strong>
+<p>Miniprep of gfp plasmids </p>
+<p>RE digest with EcoRI and RsaI </p>
+</div>
+<div id=04_06>
+<strong>Chi Yan</strong><br>
+RE digest indicated a very faint smaller band for colonies 2-4, and hence these were likely to be positive clones
+</div>
+<div id=05_06>
+<p><strong>Yanting</strong>
+</p>
+<p>Inoculated 3mLS of Inv-4 and EsaR-4 plasmid carrying bacteria into 100mL LB+ appropriate Antibiotic
+</p>
+<p>Cell culture-> HEK293 cells revived from freezing down appeared detached.
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=06_06>
+<p><strong> Yi Han + Yanting</strong>
+</p>
+<p>Storage of bacterial glycerol stocks for Inv-4, EsaR4 in 25% glycerol </p>
+<p>Yanting: grew HEK293T cells in T25 glask </p>
+<p>Gel extract to clean up gfp plasmids which loading dye had accidentally been added to. </p>
+</div>
+<div id=08_06>
+<p><strong>Yi Han</strong></p>
+<p> Miniprep of gfp plasmids, preparation of samples for sequencing </p>
+</div>
+<div id=09_06>
+<p><strong>Yi Han </strong></p>
+<p>All gfp plasmids had a correct sequence </p>
+<p>Yunting kept glycerol stocok for all, and inoculation of 3mL of gfp3 into 100mL LB+amp for midiprep </p>
+</div>
+<div id=10_06>
+<p><strong>Yi Han + Yunting </strong></p>
+<p>Midiprep of gfp plasmid
+PCR of gfp with KpnI-gfp and XhoI-gfp primers </p>
+</div>
+<div id=11_06>
+<p><strong>Yunting + Duy
+</strong></p>
+<p>Nanodrop of gfp product-> 595.5ng/ul
+</p>
+<p>RE digest of EsaR vector with KpnI/XHoI </p>
+<p>Gel electrophoreseis at 1000V for 30min </p>
+<p>Gel extraction: 3.9ng/ul and 6.9ng/ul for Esa fragment and GFP --&gt; low yield</p>
+</div>
+<div id=12_06>
+<p><strong>Yunting </strong></p>
+<p>Gel extraction using Promega binding solution to melt gel, followed by thermo scientific kit</p>
+<p><strong>Adrian</strong> </p>
+<p dir=ltr>Gel extraction optimisation</p>
+<p dir=ltr>Hypothesised that the Binding buffer has a problem/DNA does not bind to column</p>
+<p dir=ltr>1: 2X promega binding buffer volume</p>
+<p dir=ltr>2: Increase incubation time for binding to 5min</p>
+<p dir=ltr>Switch binding buffer to that of thermo scientific PCR purification kit</p>
+<p dir=ltr>Use sodium acetate if available? TO facilitate stronger binding to column</p>
+<p dir=ltr>Results</p>
+<p dir=ltr>1: ~10ng/ul</p>
+<p dir=ltr>2: ~9ng/ul</p>
+<p dir=ltr>not succesful</p>
+<p dir=ltr>further optimisation-&gt; warm buffer, incubate for 5min</p>
+<p dir=ltr>elute in 30/20ul smaller volumes<br>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=13_06>
+<p dir=ltr><strong>Yihan</strong></p>
+<p dir=ltr>1: Thermoscientific miniprep columns with 2XThermoscientific binding buffer</p>
+<p dir=ltr>2: Thermoscientific PCR purification kit 2X buffer</p>
+<p dir=ltr>3: Promega kit 2X buffer</p>
+<br>
+</div>
+<div id=14_06>
+<p><strong>Yihan </strong></p>
+<ul>
+<p><strong>PCR </strong>(mastermix: 8)</p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>PCR buffer</td>
+<td>10 ul * 8 = 8-ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>primers</td>
+<td>0.8ul, 0.8ul </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>DNA polymerase</td>
+<td>4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dH2O</td>
+<td>61.75 * 8 = 494ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Templates</td>
+<td>5.55*7 = 38.75ul</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><strong>Digest more plasmid (Esa plasmid) </strong></p>
+<p> 4 rxns ( KpnI/XhoI digest) 50ul each </p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>KpnI</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>2ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>XhoI</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>2ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>DNA</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>34.8ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>H2O</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>141.2ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+</table></ul>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+</div>
+<div id=15_06>
+<p><strong>Yihan</strong></p>
+<p><strong>PCR </strong></p>
+<p>RP_XhoI_GFP and FP_KpnI_GFP with GFP midiprep </p>
+<p>For 15 reactions with control .: Mastermix * 17 </p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>PCR buffer</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>170ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>primers</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>1.7ul, 1.7ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>dNTP</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>34 ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>DNA polymerase</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>8.5 ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>dH2O</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>66.3*17 = 1127.1ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>templates</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>17ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>total</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>1360ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h3 dir=ltr><strong>PCR protocol &ldquo;GFP 1&rdquo; (32 cycles)</strong></h3>
+<h3 dir=ltr><strong>GFP PCR product -&gt; 448ng/ul </strong></h3>
+<p dir=ltr><strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-452f-67d8-ffd1-fb8e413164b0>Gel extraction</strong></p>
+<p dir=ltr>Qiagen gel extraction kit at MBI</p>
+<p dir=ltr>Esa gel band from 14/6</p>
+<p dir=ltr>Nanodrop: 16.4 ng/ul, 260/280 = 2.60</p>
+<strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-4530-4a77-d62e-62ecf5445432>
+<p dir=ltr>Plasmid construction</p>
+</strong>
+<ul>
+<li dir=ltr>
+<p dir=ltr>RE digest (KpnI, XhoI)</p>
+</li>
+<li dir=ltr>
+<p dir=ltr>3 Replicates of the following</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>DNA</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>2.6ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Buffer</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>5ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>H2O</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>41.5ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>KpnI</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>0.5ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>XhoI</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>0.5ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<br>
+<p dir=ltr><strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-4532-aecd-1923-3e0b25b1a403>Ligation (2x reaction) 40ul</strong></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>10X T4 DNA ligase buffer</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>4ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Vector DNA (16ng/ul) </p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>100ng -&gt; 6.25ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>insert DNA </p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>75nl -&gt; 12 ul </p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>T4 DNA Ligase</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>2ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>H2O</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>16ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p dir=ltr>Note: ALL digested DNA in tube labeled lacGFP.ligation was used</p>
+<p dir=ltr>Nanodrop of ligation: 1114.0ng/ul. 260/280 = 3.7</p>
+<br>
+</div>
+<div id=16_06>
+<p><strong>Transformation
+</strong></p>
+<p>Transformation of ligated esa-GFP plasmid into DH5\alpha cells
+</p>
+<p>DH5\alpha ,<- unlabelled brown vial inside DH5\alpha box at -80</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p> Plates spread at 11:40h </p>
+</blockquote>
+<p><strong>LB + chloroamphenicol </strong></p>
+<p>+4x (100ul) </p>
+<p>+10x (40ul) </p>
+<p>+20x (20ul) </p>
+<p>+LB - 20x (20ul) </p>
+<p>remaining transformed cells (~220ul) are kept at 4C</p>
+<p>--&gt; labeled as placGFP in brown tube </p>
+</div>
+<div id=17_06>
+<p><strong>Oservation: </strong>only 4x placGFP plate has colonies (7) </p>
+<p>spread one new LB + chlor plate with 200ul of transformed bacteria </p>
+<p>picked 6 colonies to grow for miniprep in LB + chl liq media </p>
+<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong></p>
+<p>+protocol works </p>
+<p>+optimization for increase vol needed </p>
+<p><strong>cloning of synparts in amp vector</strong></p>
+<p>+comes as 4mg dry DNA </p>
+<p>+40ul of DI/RNAse free H20 </p>
+<p>+for transformation, 150ml on wed</p>
+<Can’t tell?>
+</div>
+<div id=18_06>
+<p dir=ltr><strong>Unknown</strong></p>
+<p dir=ltr><strong>Miniprep of placGFP followed by RE digest (Kpn, XhoI): 50 ul total</strong></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Buffer</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>2.5ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>KpnI</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>&lt;ILLEGIBLE&gt;</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>XhoI</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>&lt;ILLEGIBLE&gt;</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>DNA</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>10</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>H2O</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>12025</p></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p dir=ltr><strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-4554-de9f-2ea4-1efa0bb8416a>Colony PCR for synparts</strong> </p>
+<p dir=ltr>+ Failed</p>
++ No specific &lt;illegible&gt; produced
+<p>+ Might need optimization</p>
+<p dir=ltr>&nbsp;</p>
+<strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-4553-bdaa-803c-8460144487de> </strong></div>
+<div id=19_06>
+<p><strong>Yihan </strong></p>
+<p>RE digest (XhoI, KpnI) of esa and GFP </p>
+<p><strong>Yunting</strong> </p>
+<p>Gel electrophoresis (100V, 40min)</p>
+<p>+ Lane 2: gpf: no bands </p>
+<p>+ Lane 3: 100bp ladder </p>
+<p>+ Lane 4: blank </p>
+<p>+ Lane 5: esa: 2 bands </p>
+<p>+ Lane 6: 1kb ladder </p>
+<p>+ Lane 7:blank </p>
+<p>&lt;Picture of gel&gt;</p>
+</div>
+<div id=21_06>
+<p><strong>Optimizing gel extract protocol </strong></p>
+<p>+ RE GFP from PCR (directly RE) </p>
+<p>+ promega agarose 1% gel</p>
+<p> + add NaAC in binding buffer</p>
+<p> <strong>Result:</strong> </p>
+<p>+ yield for cut plasmid was 12.8ng/ul </p>
+<p>+ GFP was 8.6ng/ul</p>
+<p> <strong>Ligation reaction 6 reactions </strong></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Buffer</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>12ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Vector</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>30ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Insert</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>30ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p> + 6x ligation result transformed into competent DH5\alpha
+ul, 50ul, 100ul plated on LB + chl </p>
+</div>
+<div id=23_06>
+<p><strong>Yunting</strong></p>
+<p><strong>Ligation of GFP tester plasmid. </strong></p>
+<p>Performed 4x ligation using RE- digested esa and GFP (CY, 22/6). Ligation rxn at room temperature for 30min instead of 10min. </p>
+<p>Included vector-only and insert-only controls. </p>
+<p>Stored in -20deg. </p>
+<p>Will run gel tmr. Insert only control should be same size as gfp product. Same for the other control. Can try to plate vector only to see re-ligation?? </p>
+<p><strong>Nanodrop: </strong></p>
+<p>PlacGFP - 642.8ng/ul. 260/280=3.89</p>
+<p> Vector ctrl - 756.6ng/ul. 260/280=4.11</p>
+<p> Insert ctrl - 557 ng/ul. 260/280=3.86 </p>
+</div>
+<div id=25_06>
+<p><strong>Yanting</strong></p>
+<p>Ran 0.8% pre-cast gel at 100V for 45min. </p>
+<p>10ul of each sample to 2ul of loading dye. </p>
+<p><strong>Gel lanes: </strong></p>
+<p>100bp; uncut esa (used esa4 from -20); </p>
+<p>pLacGFP; vector ctrl; insert ctrl; 1kb. </p>
+<p><strong>[YH] Re-run gel.</strong> 35ul of each sample. No bands. </p>
+<p>&lt;insert gel picture&gt;</p>
+<p dir=ltr><strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-4578-e9aa-242f-73f4dc94cc3f>RE of esa and Gfp pcr product. </strong></p>
+<p dir=ltr><strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-457a-7ead-b589-a735f588b766>Gel electrophoresis. </strong></p>
+<p dir=ltr>Cast a thick 1% gel (60ml) with combined wells. [Don't need to cast thick gel next time, takes too long to melt]</p>
+<p dir=ltr>Gel run at 100V, &nbsp;45min. Lanes: 100bp, esa, gfp 1&amp;2, 1kb </p>
+Image after cutting is also saved.
+<p dir=ltr><strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-457b-7c6c-4056-14590d25f13e>Gel extraction of RE esa &amp; gfp.</strong></p>
+Used Promega kit, loaded both gfp bands into one column. Eluted with 30ul water for 5min before centrifugation.
+<p dir=ltr><strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-457c-0a29-4143-410f5a206639>Nanodrop:</strong></p>
+<p dir=ltr>Esa- 37.7ng/ul. 260/280= 1.83</p>
+<p dir=ltr>Gfp - 25.1ng/ul. 260/280= 1.84</p>
+<strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-457c-4799-66ba-fc8406b4fa38>
+<p dir=ltr>Overnight ligation</p>
+</strong>
+<p dir=ltr>6x ligation: </p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Buffer</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>6ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Vector (37.7ng/ul)</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>50ng = 7.8ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Insert (25.1ng/ul)</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>37.7 ng = 6.6ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>H2O</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>87.6ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Ligase</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>6ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+Ligation reaction run overnight in 16 deg hold in thermocycler - 15h, 8pm - 11am. <br>
+<p dir=ltr>&nbsp; </p>
+</div>
+<div id=26_06>
+<p><strong>[Chi Yan + Yunting] Midiprep of EsaR plasmid </strong></p>
+<p><strong>[Yihan Yunting] Gel electrophoresis of inv colony PCR </strong></p>
+<p>insert picture gel </p>
+</div>
+<div id=27_06>
+<p><strong>[Xinyi] Colony pcr for placgfp
+for >18 colonies
+</strong></p>
+<p> insert gel picture </p>
+<strong>[Adrian] Gfp expression observed using gfp filter with the SPS microscope </strong></div>
+<div id=23_07>
+</div>
+<!--start green events [HEK293]-->
+<div id=17_06green>
+<p><strong>Yanting</strong></p>
+<p><strong>Subculture of HEK 293
+</strong></p>
+<p>P4 -> p5</p>
+<p> Grow/split into 150mm dish for freezing on sat(20/6) </p>
+<p>--&gt;30ml DMEM + 1ml cells </p>
+<p>90mm dish for maintenance (buffer) </p>
+<p>--&gt;10ml DMEM + 30ul cells </p>
+<p>Cells combined from 3 90mm dishes </p>
+</div>
+<div id=20_06green>
+<p><strong>Yanting</strong></p>
+<p><strong>Freezing of HEK293
+</strong>
+</p>
+<p>P6 </p>
+<p>Cells from a 150 mm dish and 90mm dish </p>
+</div>
+<!--start blue event [Invasin +Listeriolysin]-->
+<div id=12_07blue>
+<p><strong>Adrian</strong> </p>
+<p>Prepared restreak of inv/hly plasmid from original stab culture </p>
+</div>
+<div id=14_07blue>
+<p><strong>Yanting and Yunting</strong></p>
+<p>Colony PCR of invasin
+</p>
+<p>Picked out 8 colonies (marked 1-8) from BBa_K299812 plate stored at 4deg (Adrian, 12/7). </p>
+<p>Colony PCR using prefix suffix primers for first 4 rxn and universal primers VP & VF2 for last 4 rxn. Used thermocycler "Colony" protocol.</p>
+<p> Also constituted dNTP w 2.5mM of each atcg triphosphate. </p>
+</div>
+<div id=15_07blue>
+<p><strong>Yanting</strong>
+</p>
+<p>100V at 30min. Ladder, 4 prefix suffix rxn, 4 universal primers rxn. Saved as “7.15_inv colony”. </p>
+<p>When I ran for longer (after storing gel at 4deg), the bands were longer but the 250bp marker as well as the primer-dimers are pretty close to dye front. </p>
+<p><strong>Yunting</strong> </p>
+<p>Placed BBa_K299812 plate in incubator for overnight growth. </p>
+</div>
+<div id=16_07blue>
+<p><strong>Yanting and Yunting</strong></p>
+<p>Colony PCR of 8 colonies (marked A-H) from BBa_K299812 plate, and also spotted on a save plate. Both plates placed back in incubator. </p>
+<p>Primer conc=0.5 uM, template DNA dissolved in 10ul h20.</p>
+<p>Thermocycler &ldquo;colony_inv&rdquo; protocol, with adjusted extension time and annealing time&amp;temp from standard &ldquo;colony&rdquo; protocol.</p>
+<p dir=ltr>100V for 34min. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>Tubes 1-2: FP-prefix, RP-suffix. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>3-4: FP-VF2, RP-VR. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>5-6: FP-prefix, RP_Inv_M2.</p>
+<p dir=ltr> 7-8: RP-suffix, FP_Inv_M1. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>No template control with FP-prefix, RP-suffix.</p>
+<p dir=ltr>[Note: RP_M2 = FP_M2. Check future uses agn seq on the primer master file. Just in case, the sequence used in this expt is INV_FP_M2-&gt;GCTCATTATAGTCCGCGAAATCACG]. </p>
+Gel image saved as &ldquo;7.17_inv colony.sgd&rdquo; (handphone pic below).
+<p dir=ltr><strong>Results</strong>: Tubes 3&amp;4 with universal primers VF2 VR have a band between 4&amp;5kb - Inv+LLO is 4.1kb, probably are positive colonies. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>Tubes 1&amp;2, 5&amp;6 have bands &lt;750bp as well as primer dimers (but the annealing temperature was calculated for prefix suffix primers not universal ones…I&rsquo;ll try thermo-gradient thermocycler protocol next time).</p>
+<p dir=ltr> Expected band size for 5&amp;6 (FP-prefix, RP_Inv_M2 (ends 1928)) = 1.9kb. </p>
+No bands for tubes 7&amp;8. Expected band size for 7&amp;8 (RP-suffix, FP_Inv_M1 (starts 1046)) = 2.2kb.
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+</div>
+<div id=19_07blue>
+<p><strong>Yihan</strong></p>
+<p>Inoculation of positive colonies in liquid culture. 3mL and shaking incubation. </p>
+</div>
+<div id=20_07blue>
+<p><strong>Yunting</strong></p>
+<p>Miniprep of positive colonies from 30h liquid culture. </p>
+<p>Eluted in 50ul elution buffer and stored at -20. </p>
+<p>C= 225.9ng/ul. 260/280=1.86 </p>
+<p>D= 297.7ng/ul. 1.87 </p>
+</div>
+<div id=21_07blue>
+<p><strong>Yunting</strong>
+</p>
+<p dir=ltr><strong>Colony PCR with thermogradient: 14rxn</strong> </p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>H2O</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>70ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>dNTP</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>14ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>MgCl2</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>35ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Taq</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>3.25ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>primers (forward + reverse)</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>14ul*2</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Template DNA</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>14ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p dir=ltr>C/D-1,2: Col3. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>C/D-3,4: Col12. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>D-5,6: Col 9. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>D-7,8: Col 10.</p>
+<p dir=ltr>Negative control (no template): Col 8.</p>
+<br>
+<p dir=ltr>Gel ran for 80V, 1h. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>D-1,2: VF2, VR. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>D-3,4: FP-prefix, RP-suffix. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>D-5,6: FP-prefix, FP_M2. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>D-7,8: FP-prefix, FP_invF.</p>
+<p dir=ltr>C-1,2: VF2, VR. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>C-3,4: FP-prefix, RP-suffix. </p>
+<p><strong>Results Notes</strong>: </p>
+<p>Too much template DNA (~250ng). Separate the universal primers (to avoid differing extension time).<br>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=23_07blue>
+<p><strong>Yanting</strong>
+</p>
+<p>RE digest of inv/hyl plasmid with EcoRI and PstI for 2 hours at 37oC. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>Lane 1-4: 1kb ladder, 100bp ladder, RE of colony C, RE of colony D.</p>
+<p dir=ltr>Size is correct: 4kb main band (inv+hly part) and 2kb (plasmid backbone). These plasmid DNA should have the part.<br>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=24_07blue>
+<p><strong>Yanting and Yunting</strong>
+</p>
+<p><strong>Colony PCR, used with temperature gradient to vary annealing temperature.
+rxn </strong></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>5x buffer</td>
+<td>50ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>H2O</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>127.5ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>dNTP</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>50ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>MgCl2</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>10ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Taq</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>3.25ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>primers (forward + reverse)</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>14ul*2</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Template DNA</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>14ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>100V for 45min (can run for longer).</p>
+<p><strong>Result:</strong></p>
+<p dir=ltr>Lane 1: 1kb ladder; lane 2: 100bp ladder; </p>
+<p dir=ltr>lane 3-7: FP prefix + RP suffix (5 repeats with increasing annealing temperatures) has 2 bands ~800 bp &amp; 100-200bp (probably non specific bands, will lower # of cycles in future, use higher annealing temp, lower annealing time). </p>
+<p dir=ltr>Expected size of inv+hly part is 4.1kb.</p>
+<p dir=ltr>lane 8-9: VF + M2 has a thick band 800-900bp. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>Expected size is 600+130bp (VF adds ~130bp compared to FP_prefix) .: doesn&rsquo;t seem to be correct…. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>lane 10-11: VF + inv F has no bands. Expected is at least 200bp (bcos universal primers). </p>
+<p dir=ltr>lane 12: VR + inv F seems to have a small band &lt;100bp. Non specific amplification? </p>
+<p dir=ltr>Expected is 1.5+0.1 kb (from VR).<br>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=31_07blue>
+<p><strong>Yanting</strong>
+</p>
+<p><strong>RE with XbaI and PstI </strong></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th width=36% scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th width=64% scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Restriction enzyme</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>DNA (4x of miniprep=74.5ng/ul)</td>
+<td>13.4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>29.6ul</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>Incubate at 37degC for 2.5h (1130-1400)</p>
+<br>
+<p dir=ltr><strong>Results</strong>: Gel loaded 1kb ladder, uncut, RE digested. 100V for 1h. </p>
+<p dir=ltr>Plasmid doesn't have XbaI site - RE digested DNA is a linear 6kb band. </p>
+<br>
+</div>
+<!--start red event [Maintenance]-->
+<div id=23_06red>
+<p><strong>Yunting</strong>
+</p>
+<p>Cast a big gel. Stored in 4 deg. [Used up 26/6] </p>
+<p>Pre-cast two 0. 8% gels. Stored in 4deg. [Used up on 24 & 25/6]
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=26_06red>
+<p><strong>Chi Yan and Yunting</strong>
+</p>
+<p>Midiprep of esaR plasmid. </p>
+<p>Airdry ON. </p>
+</div>
+<div id=29_06red>
+Safety Inspection for our lab by OSHE. We passed with flying colours!
+</div>
+<div id=14_07red>
+<p>Transformation of ligated FNRgfp plasmid into dH5alpha </p>
+<p>Cleaned waterbath, de-iced the fridge. </p>
+<p>Today, we also did a spring cleaning for the lab </p>
+</div>
+<div id=17_07red>
+Pre-cast big and small gels and stored in 4deg in the blue tupperware. [Used up on 20 & 22/7]
+</div>
+<!--start yellow event [esaGFP]-->
+<div id=28_06yellow>
+<p><strong>Adrian</strong> </p>
+<p><strong>BBPrefix_esaRBS PCR</strong></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>H2O</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>221ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Buffer</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>80ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>MgCl</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>32ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>dNTP</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>32ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Forward Primer_Biobrick Prefix</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>16ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>ORP_esaRBS_fragsyn</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>16ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>synpart_BBP_esaRBS</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>1ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>gotaq</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>2ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>total</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>400ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-46c9-7554-40b8-48a3cad9d865>success-&gt; PCR purification</strong></p>
+<p><strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-46ca-0aee-b546-3982d573bbe8>esaRBS_GFP_BBsuffix</strong></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>H2O</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>237ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Buffer</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>80ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>MgCl2</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>32ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>dNTP</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>32ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Reverse primer_BB_suffix</p></td>
+<td><br>
+??</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>ORP_esaRS_GFP</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>16ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Plac_GFPPLASMID</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>1ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>gotaq</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>2ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p dir=ltr><strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-46cc-6a7d-ce73-e1023973a74a>failed -&gt; troubleshooting-&gt; new OFP_esaRBBS_GFP</strong></p>
+<p dir=ltr><strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-46cc-6a7d-ce73-e1023973a74a>Redid 30/6 with new primers</strong></p>
+<p dir=ltr><strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-46cc-6a7d-ce73-e1023973a74a>success with new primers-&gt; fusion pcr</strong></p>
+<br>
+PCR with inv primers (adrian&rsquo;s primers)
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<br>
+</div>
+<div id=02_07yellow>
+<p><strong>Clarice</strong></p>
+<p dir=ltr><strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-46cf-9174-adfe-47a39589e85a>Fusion PCR with esaRBS, GFP</strong></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>H2O</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>104.07ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Buffer</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>40ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>MgCl2</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>16ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>dNTP</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>16ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Forward primer_BB_prefix</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>8ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Reverse primer_BB_prefix</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>8ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>400ng esaRBS</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>2.13ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>400ng esaRBSgfp</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>4.8ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>gotaq</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>1ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p dir=ltr>Total</p></td>
+<td><p dir=ltr>200ul</p></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p dir=ltr>annealing temp 50degC</p>
+<br>
+<p dir=ltr><strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-46dd-d6fc-13e8-2e66bbd94e7a>Gel electrophoresis: looks correct-&gt; PCR Purification</strong></p>
+<p><br>
+<strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-46dd-f312-fb45-0cdcebf3a920>RE digest of esaRBS+GFP</strong></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Insert</th>
+<th scope=col>Vector</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>EcoRI/PstI</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Template(2ug)</td>
+<td>5ul</td>
+<td>4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dH2O</td>
+<td>11ul</td>
+<td>12ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>total</td>
+<td>20ul</td>
+<td>20ul</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div id=06_07yellow>
+<p><strong>Clarice</strong></p>
+<p>COlny PCR with different colonies (15 colonies) </p>
+<p> FP_BB_Prefix and RP_BB_Suffix </p>
+<p><strong>Success </strong></p>
+</div>
+<div id=07_07yellow>
+<p><strong>Clarice</strong>
+</p>
+<p>Colony PCR successful - inouclated colony 2,3,4,12 in 3mL LB </p>
+<p><strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-46ea-c6bd-c68a-2b1fe837f12f>PCR-FNRsynpart BBP</strong></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dH2O</td>
+<td>221ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>80ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTPs</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>FP_RNE_PromoterBBP</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GFP_FNR_Prom_GFP</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>synpart FNR</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>gotaq</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+</div>
+<div id=10_07yellow>
+<p><strong>Clarice</strong>
+</p>
+<p><strong id=docs-internal-guid-934bc9f1-46ed-4e6a-9565-a718a1856946>Verify minipreppped esaGFP plasmid</strong></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>EcoRI</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Pst1</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Plasmid</td>
+<td>5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dH2O</td>
+<td>11ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>total</td>
+<td>20ul</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div id=14_07yellow>
+<p><strong>Clarice</strong>
+</p>
+<p dir=ltr>Transformatin of EsaGFP plasmid (30ul BL21 + 5ul ligation reaction)</p>
+plate O/N
+</div>
+<!--start brown event [FNRgfp]-->
+<div id=03_07brown>
+<p><strong>Yihan</strong>
+</p>
+<p>Ran gel of gfp plasmid EcoRI/PstI, took out gel slice for vector - 4kb </p>
+<p>Gel extraction: </p>
+<p>+gfpvector->38.7ng/ul
+fragment-> direction purification 226.4ng/ul </p>
+<p>+LIgation reaction (5:1) 6X </p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>300ng vector</td>
+<td>7.8ng/ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>531.2ng of insert</td>
+<td>2.4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>12ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Enzyme</td>
+<td>6ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>91.8ul</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>ligate for 2 hours at 16 hours
+transform, plate, grow ON </p>
+</div>
+<div id=04_07brown>
+<p><strong>Yihan</strong>
+</p>
+<p>No colonies-> ligation did not work
+</p>
+<p>Recalcualte ligation reaction (3:1),7x
+</p>
+<p>350ng vector->9ul vector
+</p>
+<p>446.3ng insert-> 2ul
+ul </p>
+<p>ligase
+</p>
+<p>H2O </p>
+<p>12ul buffer </p>
+</div>
+<div id=05_07brown>
+<p><strong>Yihan and Clarice</strong>
+</p>
+<p>colonies for EsaGFP </p>
+<p>grew
+Colony PCR for 14 colonies
+</p>
+<p>Unsuccessful-> no bands observed
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=07_07brown>
+<p><strong>Yihan</strong>
+</p>
+<p>Trying out an idea for workshop </p>
+<p>Trial for blue/white screen </p>
+<p>Streak out pGFPuv and pGEMT on plate with amp added
+spread 40ul of 0.1M IPTG and 30ul of 5%xgal, dried
+and on plate without amp </p>
+</div>
+<div id=08_07brown>
+<p><strong>Yihan</strong>
+</p>
+<p>Ran gel with FNR Pcr and gfp pcr
+</p>
+<p>size of pcr product was correct but gel picture was not saved
+</p>
+<p>FNR Product was pcr purified
+</p>
+<p>Plasmid extraction for colony 2,3,4 of esaGFP - > 2,3 were sent for sequencing and primers did not bind, chromatogram was messed up.
+</p>
+<p>Fusion PCR for FNRGFP:</p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dH2O</td>
+<td>218ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>10X buffer</td>
+<td>80ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>23ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTP</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Template FNR PCR (40ng)</td>
+<td>3ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>gfp PCR (400ng)</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>FP_BB_Suffix</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>RP_BB_Suffix</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>gotaq</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div id=09_07brown>
+<p><strong>Chi yan</strong>
+</p>
+<p>Gel was run for fusion pcr size was correct </p>
+<p><strong>Clarice RE digest: </strong></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>PstI</td>
+<td>1.5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>EcoRI</td>
+<td>1.5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Template</td>
+<td>3ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>20ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>40ul</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div id=10_07brown>
+<p><strong>Chi yan</strong>
+</p>
+<p>Ran gel for gfpp plasmid </p>
+<p>gel purificaiton and extraction of 4kb fragment </p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ligation reaction (2X)</td>
+<td>40ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>100ng of DNA vector</td>
+<td>3.4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>157ng insert</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>enzyme</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>14.6ul</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div id=14_07brown>
+<p><strong>Yihan</strong>
+</p>
+<p>no colonies for FNRgfp plasmid
+</p>
+<p><strong>Inv plasmid verification
+</strong></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>buffer</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>EcoRI</td>
+<td>0.5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>invasin plasmid</td>
+<td>0.5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dH2O</td>
+<td>8ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>10ul</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>Gel extraction RE digest of EsaR-GFP plasmid
+</p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Ligation</th>
+<th scope=col>Control</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Vector (45ng)</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Insert</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dH2O</td>
+<td>6ul</td>
+<td>7ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ligase</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>Transformation of FNRgfp
+anaerobe jar
+</p>
+<p>E. coli grew in both conditions
+p putida-> some growth in anaerobe chamber
+proper streak plate in aerobic conditions
+</p>
+<p>packet runs out after 16hours </p>
+</div>
+<div id=13_07brown>
+<p><strong>Yihan and Yunting</strong>
+</p>
+<p>LIgation for FNRgfp (4X)</p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>200ng Gfp plasmid</td>
+<td>4.36ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>297ng insert (7:1)</td>
+<td>10.3ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>53.34ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>T4 ligase</td>
+<td>4ul</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>Trial run of anaerobe chamber:</p>
+<p>+ open sachet to decrease O2 at 3.30pm </p>
+<p>+ takes 2.5h to activate </p>
+<p>place streak plate of p putida a strict aerobe and e coli, facultative aerobe in chamber at 30deg C to grow O/N </p>
+<p>P. putida is an abligate aerobe and if chmaber works ,it will not grow </p>
+<p>E. coli should grow in both conditions </p>
+<p>controls grown outside chamber </p>
+</div>
+<div id=15_07brown>
+<p><strong>Yihan</strong>
+</p>
+<p>FNRgfp-> no colonies after transformation
+</p>
+<p><strong>religation (4X reaction) </strong></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>200ng GFP plasmid</td>
+<td>4.4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>2125ng of insert</td>
+<td>8ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>T4 ligase</td>
+<td>4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>55.6ul</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>transformation of FNR gfp into 20ul of BL21 </p>
+</div>
+<div id=16_07brown>
+<p><strong>Yihan</strong>
+</p>
+<p>No colonies grew </p>
+<p>Ran a gel, FNRgfp pcr, gfp pcr, fnr, 100bp ladder </p>
+</div>
+<div id=17_07brown>
+<p><strong>Chi Yan</strong>
+</p>
+<p><strong>RE digest of FNR-GFP fusion PCR with EcoRI and PstI
+</strong></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>EcoRI</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>PstI</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>FNR-GFP from 12/7 in RIP box 1ug</td>
+<td>2.5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>40.5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>50ul</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>Direct purification using Promega kit</p>
+<p> <strong>Overnight ligation (4X reaction) </strong></p>
+<table width=100% border=2 cellpadding=2>
+<tr>
+<th scope=col>Reagent</th>
+<th scope=col>Amount</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>200ng of GFP plasmid</td>
+<td>4.4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>400ng of insert (5:1)</td>
+<td>?</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>T4 ligase</td>
+<td>4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>T4 ligase buffer</td>
+<td>8ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>?</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>200ng of gfp plasmid (4.4ul) </p>
+<p>400ng of insert (5:1) (?ul) </p>
+<p>4ul T4 ligase </p>
+<p>8ul T4 ligase buffer </p>
+<p>? H2O </p>
+</div>
+<div id=18_07brown>
+<p><strong>Yihan</strong>
+</p>
+<p>Ncbi search in BL21 genome revealed that it does have FNR transcriptional regulator </p>
+<p>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/CP010816.1 </p>
+<p>In dH5alpha as well </p>
+<p>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/945908 </p>
+<p>However no direct data on our specific strains of dH5alpha and BL21 </p>
+</div>
+<div id=01_08>
+<p>
+Adrian 1_8
+</p>
+<p>
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>PCR</td>
+<td>reaction</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>222ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>80ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTPs</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>VF2</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>VR</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GoTaq</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+Cycle conditions
+ºC (3min) -> 95ºC (30s) -> 60ºC (30s) -> 72ºC (1.5min) -> 72ºC (5min)
+for 25 cycles
+Result: FP_Biobricks_Suffix and RP_Biobrick_Suffix primers are contaminated -> rediute from stock
+Maintenance Red
+Workshop Protocol
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>To make Fragment 1 for the</td>
+<td>workshop</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>222ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>80ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTP</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Primer 1 (FP_retarded)</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Primer 2 (RP_retarded)</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GoTaq</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GFP plasmid</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>To make Fragment 2 for the</td>
+<td>workshop</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>222ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>80ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTP</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Primer 1 (OFP_esaRBSver2)</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Primer 2 (RP_VR)</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GoTaq</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GFP plasmid</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+Cycle conditions
+ºC (3min) -> 95ºC (30s) -> 60ºC (30s) -> 72ºC (2.5min) -> 72ºC (10min)
+for 25 cycles
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=02_08>
+Adrian 2/8
+</p>
+<p>
+Recreating backbone <br>
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>pSB1A2</td>
+<td>EcoRI/PstI</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>22ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>pSB1A2-GFP</td>
+<td>10ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>EcoRI</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>PstI</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>40ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=03_08>
+Adrian 3/8
+</p>
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>Fusion PCR for</td>
+<td>workshop</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>111ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>40ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTP</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>OFP_esaRBS_GFP_ver2</td>
+<td>8ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ORP_XhoI_retarded</td>
+<td>8ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GoTaq</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Fragment 1</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Fragment 2</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+ºC (3min) -> 95ºC (30s) -> 60ºC (30s) -> 72ºC (1.5min) -> 72ºC (10min)
+for 25 cycles
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>EsaR Master Plate</td>
+<td>Test</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Colony PCR</td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>222ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>80ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTP</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>VF2</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>VR</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GoTaq</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>400ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+For 10 colonies
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=17_07>
+Ligation of esaRBS-GFP (EcoRI/PstI) and RNG-GFP (EcoRI/PstI) into pSB1A2 (EcoRI/PstI)
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>10x T4 DNA ligase Buffer</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Vector</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Insert</td>
+<td>5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>10ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>T4 DNA ligase</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+Reactions were incubated for 30min at room temperature
+Transformation
+pSB1A2 esaRBSGFP
+pSB1A2 RNG GFP
+Control cut pSB1A2
+</p>
+<p>
+Adrian 17/7
+</p>
+Ligation of esaRBS-GFP (EcoRI/PstI) and RNG-GFP (EcoRI/PstI) into pSB1A2 (EcoRI/PstI)
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>10x T4 DNA ligase Buffer</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Vector</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Insert</td>
+<td>5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>10ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>T4 DNA ligase</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+Reactions were incubated for 30min at room temperature
+Transformation
+pSB1A2 esaRBSGFP
+pSB1A2 RNG GFP
+Control cut pSB1A2
+</div>
+<div id=18_07>
+<p>
+Adrian 18/7
+</p>
+Vector dimer check
+colonies were selected from the control plate (26/7)
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>PCR</td>
+<td>mastermix</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>222ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>80ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTP</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>FP_Biobricks_Prefix</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>RP_Biobricks_Prefix</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GoTaq</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>400ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+The control plate had plasmids with a 800bp insert
+Gel extract was performed on a 2kb band
+Ligation Troubleshooting
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>Ligation</td>
+<td>Mastermix</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>222ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>80ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTP</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>FP_Biobricks_Suffix</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>RP_Biobricks_Suffix</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GoTaq</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>400ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+Colony PCR
+colonies were selected from esaR and RNG each, total 16 colonies
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>PCR</td>
+<td>Mastermix</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>444ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>160ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>64ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTP</td>
+<td>64ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>FP_Biobricks_Suffix</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>RP_Biobricks_Suffix</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GoTaq</td>
+<td>4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>800ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+Ran gel
+Lanes
+Vector Backbone (EcoRI/PstI
+Control Ligation mix
+esaR ligation mix
+RNG ligation mix
+T4 Ligation buffer
+Blank
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=26_07>
+<p>
+Adrian 26/7
+</p>
+BBPprefix_esaRBS PCR synthesis
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>PCR</td>
+<td>Reaction</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>22ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>80ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTP</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>FP_Biobricks_Prefix</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ORP_esaRBS_fragsyn</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>synpartBBP_esaRBS</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GoTaq polymerase</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>400ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p><table><tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>esaRBS_GFP_BBsuffix</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>221ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>80ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTP</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>RP_BiobricksSuffix</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>OFP_esaRBS_GFPver2</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>pSB1A2_BBa_0040</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GoTaq</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>400ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>PCR for</td>
+<td>esa</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>220ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>80ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTPs</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>FP_BB_Prefix</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>RP_BB_Suffix</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>BBPrefix_esaRBS</td>
+<td>1.2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>esaRBS_GFPBBSuffix</td>
+<td>0.5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GoTaq</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>400ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>PCR for</td>
+<td>RNG</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>220ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>80ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTPs</td>
+<td>32ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>FP_BB_Prefix</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>RP_BB_Suffix</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>BBPrefix_esaRBS</td>
+<td>1.5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>esaRBS_GFPBBSuffix</td>
+<td>0.5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GoTaq</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>400ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p>
+<p>
+Adrian Clarice
+</p>
+<p>
+REdigest of esaR and RNF after PCR purification and gel extraction
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>esaR-gfp RE</td>
+<td>digest</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Bffer</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>PstI</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>EcoRI</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>2ug Template</td>
+<td>5.4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>10.6ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>20ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>RNG RE</td>
+<td>digest</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Bffer</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>PstI</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>EcoRI</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>2ug Template</td>
+<td>3.9ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>12.1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>20ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>Ligation of pSB1A2 with esaR and</td>
+<td>RNG</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>10X T4 Ligase Buffer</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Vector (pSB1A2 EcoRI/PstI)</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Insert (esaR and RNG)</td>
+<td>5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>11ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>T4 DNA ligase</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>20ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+Ligation for 30min at room temperature
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=19_07>
+<p>
+Clarice 19/7
+</p>
+<p>
+Colony PCR for RNG and esaR-GFP colonies from master plate
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>RNG</td>
+<td>(10X)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O 13.8 + colony</td>
+<td>each</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>50</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>20</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTPs</td>
+<td>20</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Primer 1</td>
+<td>10</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Primer 2</td>
+<td>10</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Gotaq</td>
+<td>2</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>esaGFP</td>
+<td>(9X)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>45</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>18</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>18</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTPs</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Primer 1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Primer 2</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GoTaQ</td>
+<td>1.8</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=08_08brown>
+<p>
+CY 8/8
+</p>
+<p>
+minipreps of 4 clones from BL21 pNirB+gfp and 4 clones from dH5alpha pNirB+gfp
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>RE</td>
+<td>digest</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>EcoRI</td>
+<td>9ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>PstI</td>
+<td>9ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Cutsmart Buffer</td>
+<td>45ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>DNA of 1ug</td>
+<td>6.7ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>36.3ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+Result after running gel: All clones are positive for pNirB+gfp
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=13_08blue>
+<p>
+CY 13/8
+</p>
+<p>
+Invasin + Listerolysin blue<br>
+Inoculated 4 colonies of BL21 transformed with the inv+hly clone D.
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=14_08blue>
+<p>
+CY 14/8
+</p>
+<p>
+Invasin + Listerolysin blue<br>
+Miniprep of the inv+hly clones
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>RE digest with</td>
+<td>EcoRI/PstI</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>EcoRI</td>
+<td>5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>PstI</td>
+<td>5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>25ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>DNA 1ug</td>
+<td>(4ul)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>11ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>50ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=19_08brown>
+<p>
+CY 19/8
+</p>
+<p>
+Colony PCR for pEFYP plated on (17/8)
+Pcr for pNirBgfp as with (18/8) with pNirB-gfp primers, Biobricks prefix and suffix primers
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>PCR Master mix For</td>
+<td>pEYFP</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>13.25ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTP</td>
+<td>5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>F/R primer</td>
+<td>5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>2.5mM MgCl2</td>
+<td>12.5</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GoTaq</td>
+<td>11.25ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+PCR Master mix for pNirBgfp with pNirB-gfp primers, and Biobricks Prefix and Suffix Primers
+(Melting temperature increased to 53degrees)
+ul of plasmid in each tube
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>PCR Master mix for pNirB-gfp primers and BB prefix/suffix</td>
+<td>primers</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>101.25ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>45ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTP</td>
+<td>9ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Forward Primer</td>
+<td>9ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Reverse Primer</td>
+<td>9ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>2.5mM MgCl2</td>
+<td>22.5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GoTaq polymerase</td>
+<td>2.25ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=21_07brown>
+<p>
+CY 21/7
+</p>
+<p>
+Ran gel for 20/7 colony pcr for FNR gfp
+kb, 100bp, colonies negative control
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=22_07brown>
+<p>
+CY 22/7
+</p>
+<p>
+Anaerobic promoter Brown<br>
+PCR to test 'FNR-GFP plasmid'.</p>
+<p>Colonies 1-5 from 20/7 + negative control
+sets of primers
+FP_BB Prefix, RP BB Suffix
+GFP-F, GFP-R
+FP_FNRPromoter_BBP, ORP_FNR_Promoter GFP </p>
+<p>For each reaction (6X) </p>
+<p>H2O 73.5ul </p>
+<p>dNTPs 6ul </p>
+<p>Forward/Reverse Primer 6ul/6ul
+MgCl2 15ul </p>
+<p>Taq polymerase1.5ul </p>
+<p>For each plasmid 1ul </p>
+<p>Buffer 30ul </p>
+</div>
+<div id=24_07brown>
+<p>
+CY 24/7
+</p>
+<p>
+Ligation of Cut FNRGFP (17/7) with cut GFP vector
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>1X</td>
+<td>reaction</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>200ng vector</td>
+<td>1.1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>3:1</td>
+<td>256.5ng</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Water</td>
+<td>3.4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>T4 DNA ligase</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>20ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+Incubation at room temperature for 2h
+Transformation into 10ul BL21 competent cells
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=27_07brown>
+<p>
+CY 27/7
+</p>
+<p>
+RE of extracted product with EcoRI/PstI for 300ng of DNA<br>
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>RE</td>
+<td>(1X)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>FNR-gfp</td>
+<td>0.9ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>EcoRI</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>PstI</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Water</td>
+<td>15.1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>20ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p>
+<p>
+CY YH
+</p>
+<p>
+When gel was run, primer dimers and 700-800bp band were present in the negative control with no template added
+</p>
+<p>Fresh buffer, MgCL2, dNTP and fresh diluted primers were used to repeat colony PCR. </p>
+<p>Diluting dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP to 2.5mM </p>
+<p>Repeated colony pcr with Prefix-suffix primers using TC pipettors </p>
+</div>
+<div id=15_07blue>
+<p>
+HYT 15/7
+</p>
+<p>
+Invasin + Listerolysin blue<br>
+RE digest of the miniprepped inv/hly plasmid with EcoRI/PstI from (20/7)
+Tube C-> 226ng/ul
+Tube D-> 298ng/ul
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>RE</td>
+<td>reaction</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>3ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Plasmid 4ul</td>
+<td>each</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>EcoRI</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>PstI</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O 21ul</td>
+<td>each</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>30ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+incubated at 37degC for 2h
+Add 6X loading dye to stop reaction in both tubes
+Ran gel (1kb, 100bp, cut vector C, D)
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=24_07brown>
+<p>
+CY 24/7
+</p>
+<p>
+Anaerobic promoter Brown<br>
+Ligation of Cut FNRGFP (17/7) with cut GFP vector
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>1X</td>
+<td>reaction</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>200ng vector</td>
+<td>1.1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>3:1</td>
+<td>256.5ng</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Water</td>
+<td>3.4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>T4 DNA ligase</td>
+<td>1ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>20ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+Incubation at room temperature for 2h
+Transformation into 10ul BL21 competent cells
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=18_07brown>
+<p>
+XY 18/7
+</p>
+<p>
+Anaerobic promoter Brown<br>
+Transformation of FNRGFP ligated product into BL21 (from CY 17/7)
+. 3ul pUC19 control +10ul BL21
+. 20ul Ligation product + 20ul BL21
+. 5ul Ligation product + 20ul BL21
+Plated on LB+amp plates
+ul of transformed bacteria in SOC media on LB+amp
+ul of transformed bacteria in SOC media on LB alone
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=02_08brown>
+<p>
+YH 2/8
+</p>
+<p>
+Inoculated colony 3,7 of FNR GFp selected positive clones for miniprep
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=03_08brown>
+<p>
+YH 3/8
+</p>
+<p>
+Anaerobic promoter Brown<br>
+Miniprep of colony 3, 7 and sent for sequencing with GFP-R and FP_VF2 -> results show there is GFP but no FNR.
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=06_08brown>
+<p>
+YH 6/8
+</p>
+<p>
+Transform pNirB+gfp from the Biobricks Registry into BL21 and dH5alpha
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=09_08brown>
+<p>
+YH 9/8
+</p>
+<p><br>
+OD600 of 1 = 10^8 cells/cm^3
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>OD600 of 10X</td>
+<td>dilution</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>BL21 clone 1 0.013 -> 1.04x10^8</td>
+<td>cells/cm^3</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>BL21 clone 2 0.094 -> 7.52x10^8</td>
+<td>cells/cm^3</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dH5alpha clone 1 0.054 -> 4.32x10^8</td>
+<td>cells/cm^3</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dH5alpha clone 2 1.123 -> 9.84x10^8</td>
+<td>cells/cm^3</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>BL21 0.084 -> 6.72x10^8</td>
+<td>cells/cm^3</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dH5alpha 0.046-> 3.68x10^8</td>
+<td>cells/cm^3</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>BL21 + pGFPuv 0.036 -> 2.88x10^8</td>
+<td>cells/cm^3</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+The cultures were diluted 100X and 500X in a volume of 200ul in a 24well plate and grown in the anaerobic chamber at 30degrees and 225rpm for 2, 4, 6, 8 hours
+</p>
+<p>Replicating the iGEM Valencia Team - growing cultures under sterile oil (filtered through 0.22um filter)
+.5mL of stationary culture + 2.5mL LB, with 1mL of sterile oil added above </p>
+<p>Grown at 28 degrees, 200rpm for 2 days </p>
+<p>Results:</p>
+<p> GFP signal is expressed in cultures with the anaerobic sensitive promoter grown in anaerobic conditions overnight, but signal was weak. <br />
+After 6 hours in anaerobic growth, the BL21 + pNirB clone 1 had highest GFP signal when observed with the GFP microscope. </p>
+<p>BL21 strain had no signal </p>
+<p>After 24 hours in anaerobic conditions, dH5alpha had highest signal compared to control </p>
+<p>Control - colonies picked directly from plates (aerobic conditions) had no GFP signal </p>
+<p>After 2 days there was no gfp expression </p>
+</div>
+<div id=14_08blue>
+<p>
+YH 14/8
+</p>
+<p>
+Seeded cells for invasion assay
+</p>
+<p>BL21 + inv-hly clones correct after running gel for digest of the plasmids with EcoRI and PstI </p>
+</div>
+<div id=15_08blue>
+<p>
+YH 15/8
+</p>
+<p>
+Invasin + Listerolysin blue</p>
+<p><br>
+Invasion assay with HEK293T cells and BL21, and BL21+inv-hly plasmid on 15/08/15 </p>
+<p>Rationale: The invasin gene in the invasin+listerolysin plasmid should remain intact and be expressed, leading to an invasion phenotype </p>
+<p>Objective: Screen invasion phenotype of BL21 and BL21+invasin-listerolysin Biobricks part </p>
+<p>Experiment details </p>
+<p>Cells were passage 2
+Seed 0.5mL of 5x10^5 HEK293T cells/mL and 1x10^6 in wells of 24-well plates, grow overnight. </p>
+<p>Determine cell confluency with microscopy the next day - 80-90% confluency </p>
+<p>All strains were grown overnight in 3mL LB broth </p>
+<p>For 5x10^5 cells </p>
+<p>100ul of 10^9 cells/mL was used for moi 200 </p>
+<p>100ul of 2X dilution of 10^9 cells/mL was used for moi 100 </p>
+<p>100ul of 4X dilution of 10^9 cells/mL was used for moi 50 </p>
+<p>100ul of 5X dilution of 10^9 cells/mL was used for moi10 </p>
+<p>Result
+Lawn on all plates
+HEK293T cells detach too easily. </p>
+<p>Grow for 24 hours in the future and do minimal, and gentle washing.
+For next experiment, 0.5x10^6 and 1x10^6 cells wre seeded
+ug/mL kanamycin for 1 hour is sufficient for kill step </p>
+<p>no contamination in uninfected control </p>
+<p>There is invasion in background BL21 strain as well </p>
+<p>All mois showed high percentage of infection </p>
+<p>In future use moi 10:1 and plate up 10^2 to 10^5 dilution for countable colonies</p>
+</div>
+<div id=17_07brown>
+<p>
+YH 17/7
+<br>
+For plates on LB alone there was a lawn
+</p>
+<p>For pUC19, the transformation worked, and separated colonies were produced </p>
+<p>No colonies were produced for the FNR-gfp plasmid </p>
+</div>
+<div id=18_08brown>
+<p>
+YH 18/8
+</p>
+<p>
+PCR for the clones of pNirB-gfp from B21(1-4) and dH5alpha (1-4)with pNirB-gfp-F/R primers
+</p>
+<p>5ul plasmid, 5ul H2O in each tube </p>
+<p>PCR Mastermix </p>
+<p>dNTP 8ul </p>
+<p>MgCl2 20ul </p>
+<p>Taq Polymerase 2ul</p>
+<p> Buffer 40ul
+F/R </p>
+<p>primers 0.8ul each </p>
+<p>H2O 40ul </p>
+</div>
+<div id=19_07blue>
+<p>
+YH 19/7
+<br>
+inoculated colonies C,D for invasin plasmid in 3mL LB+amp at 1.30pm </p>
+<p>Transformed remaining 40u ligation reaction for FNR gfp into 10ul BL21 </p>
+<p>Transformed 100ng pGFPuv plasmid into 10ul BL21 </p>
+<p>Poured new LB+amp plates </p>
+<p>Plated 20, 40, 100ul of transformed bacteria in SOC media on plates </p>
+</div>
+<div id=20_07brown>
+<p>
+YH 20/7<br>
+pGFPuv transformation worked!
+</p>
+<p>Single colony for FNR-GFP + 4 more from plating on 19/7</p>
+<p> Sent FNR-GFP fusion product for sequencing with RP-Biobricks Suffx - result there is no FNR but there is no GFP </p>
+<p>Colony PCR for FNR gfp (Colonies 1-5, (-) control) </p>
+<table><tr>
+<td>Colony PCR</td>
+<td>(6X)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>19.5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>10ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>6ul</td>
+<td>dNTP</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>6ul FP_Biobricks</td>
+<td>Suffix</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>6ul RP_Biobricks</td>
+<td>SUffix</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>15ul</td>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>1.5ul Taq</td>
+<td>Polymerase</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=21_07brown>
+<p>
+YH 21.7
+<br>
+Redid colony pcr for above as negative control had a positive band - contamination of PCR
+</p>
+<p>negative control still has band - reagents contaminated </p>
+</div>
+<div id=22_07brown>
+<p>
+YH 22/7
+</p>
+<p>
+Miniprepped colonies 1-5 for FNR-gfp plasmid
+</p>
+<p>Did EcoRI/PstI digest </p>
+<table><tr>
+<td>Digest for mastermix</td>
+<td>(5X)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>10ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>EcoRI/PstI</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>60ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total 20ul per</td>
+<td>tube</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>400ng plasmid in each</td>
+<td>tube</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+Ran gel for RE samples, none were postive clones
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=26_07brown>
+<p>
+YH 26/7
+<br>
+No colonies for FNRgfp
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>Hotstart fusion PCR (8X</td>
+<td>reaction)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>10X Buffer</td>
+<td>80ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dNTPs</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>FP Biobricks Prefix</td>
+<td>8ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>RP Biobricks Suffix</td>
+<td>8ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>FNR Pcr product</td>
+<td>12ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GFP PCR product</td>
+<td>4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>3ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>668ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=27_07brown>
+<p>
+YH 27/7
+<br>
+Ran gel with cut vector and cut PCR product
+kb 100bp cut vector (wells 3-5) FNR-gfp (wells 6-8)
+</p>
+<p>However, PCR product was not detectable </p>
+<table><tr>
+<td>RE digest for FNRgfp</td>
+<td>EcoRI/PstI</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>150ng PCR</td>
+<td>5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>EcoRI</td>
+<td>0.5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>PstI</td>
+<td>0.5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>12ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Total</td>
+<td>20ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+Gel extracted
+Ligation reaction was performed overnight
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>Ligation reaction</td>
+<td>(1X)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>100ng vector</td>
+<td>8.3ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>85ng insert</td>
+<td>16ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>T4 ligase</td>
+<td>2ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Buffer</td>
+<td>4ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>9.7ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=28_07red>
+<p>
+YH 28/7
+</p>
+<p>
+Trialling transformation of 10ul BL21 with 100ng pGFPuv plasmid for workshop. </p>
+<p>Using 200ul LB broth for the growth in 1hour step </p>
+<p>10ul BL21 + 10ul plasmid
+Heatshock for 300s </p>
+<p>Shake for 1hour at 37 degC 225rpm </p>
+<p>plated 40ul on LB, 40ul on LB+amp plate</p>
+<p> Transformation of ligation reaction into BL21 with control of cut vector (100ng) into BL21 </p>
+<p>plated 40ul on LB+amp plate, 20ul on LB plate </p>
+</div>
+<div id=29_07red>
+<p>
+YH 29/7
+<br>
+Colonies on pGFPuv plate with amp -> LB works for reviving bacteria
+small colonies with FNRGFP plasmid
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id=30_07brown>
+<p>
+YH 30/7
+<br>
+colonies grew for FNRGFP plate
+no colonies on control with cut vector
+Colony PCR to screen 12 colonies and negative control using universal primers
+</p><table><tr>
+<td>PCR Mastermix</td>
+<td>(13X)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>H2O</td>
+<td>42.25ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>PCR Buffer</td>
+<td>65ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>VF2 Primer</td>
+<td>13ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>RP VR Primer</td>
+<td>13ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>MgCl2</td>
+<td>32.5ul</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GoTaq</td>
+<td>3.25ul</td>
+</tr></table>
+<p>
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="gap gap-50" style=background-image:url(navigation/project.jpg);height:300px></div>
+<div class="content content-full bigDiv" id=human_practice style=height:700px;overflow:scroll>
+<p><img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/f/f1/SPSingapore_Text_HumanPractice.png width=40% alt="human practice"></p>
+<p>[some introduction here]</p>
+<div id=accordionHumanPractice>
+<h3>Workshop</h3>
+<div>
+<p><img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/86/SPSingapore_Workshop_Microscope1.jpg width=400 height=300 alt=píc></p>
+<p><em>One of the participants taking a closer look at GFP-tagged E. coli under our very own SPS microscope.</em>
+</p>
+<p>The SPS iGEM Team of 2015 hosted a genetic engineering workshop for students from the Faculty of Science on 5th August 2015, in the Active Learning Room and the SPS Wet Lab. The workshop aimed to equip science students with an understanding of both the techniques of synthetic biology, and its risks and rewards. Participants were given the opportunity to be immersed in both the theoretical and wet lab components of synthetic biology.</p>
+<p>Students were first guided through the concepts of genetic engineering, and the available wet lab tools and techniques used. After some light refreshments, they then got a chance to try their hands at designing their very own gene vectors with a fun set of theoretical puzzles.</p>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/e/ec/SPSingapore_Workshop_2.jpg width=400 height=300 alt=píc>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><em>One of the workshop facilitators explaining the process of constructing a genetic vector.</em></p>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/be/SPSingapore_workshop_3.jpg width=400 height=300 alt=píc>
+<p><em>Participants and facilitators hard at work figuring out genetic puzzles</em></p>
+<p>After lunch, the participants performed Fusion PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and performed bacterial transformation in the SPS Wet Lab. They also had a look at green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed in <em>E. coli</em>, as an example of one of the methods that are commonly used to quantify protein expression.</p>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/7/77/SPSingapore_workshop_4.jpg width=400 height=300 alt=píc>
+<p><em>Participants beginning PCR in the SPS Wet Lab!</em></p>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/cf/SPSingapore_workshop_5.jpg width=400 height=300 alt=píc>
+<p><em>Loading a gel is hard work – participants ran a DNA gel to confirm if their PCR reaction was successful</em></p>
+<p>All in all, both the workshop participants and facilitators spent an enjoyable day both learning and sharing about genetic engineering. The SPS iGEM Team of 2015 would like to thank all participants for spending their day with us! We would also like to thank Science Dean&rsquo;s Office for their kind sponsorship, as well as the SPS staff and SPS community for their support.</p>
+<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/e/e0/SPSingapore_workshop_6.jpg width=400 height=300 alt=píc>
+<p><em>A final group photograph with some of the facilitators and workshop participants</em></p>
+<p><strong>Video</strong></p>
+</div>
+<h3>Interview</h3>
+<div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="gap gap-50" style=background-image:url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/06/SPSingapore_Background_Safety.JPG);height:300px></div>
+<div class="content content-full bigDiv" id=safety style=height:500px;overflow:scroll>
+<p><img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/0f/SPSingpore_Text_Safety.png width=30% alt=safety>
+</p>
+<strong>Biosafety in our project involves minimising the risks to the researchers working in the laboratory, as well as the general public in future medical applications based off our research.</strong>
+<br></br>
+<div id=safetyAccordions>
+<h3>Safety when handling biological organisms</h3>
+<div>
+<p>
+Non-pathogenic strains of E. coli K-12 strains BL21 and dH5α from Life Technologies were used for bacterial cloning of plasmids and expression of proteins of interest. These strains are Risk group 1 and were handled in a BSL2 Biosafety cabinet. The E. coli strain carrying the Biobrick BBaK299812 (containing parts derived from Risk group 2 organisms) was handled as a Risk Group 2 agent. Mammalian cell line HEK293T is classified under Risk group 2, and was also cultured in a BSL2 Biosafety cabinet.
+</p>
+</div>
+<h3>Safety in Project Design</h3>
+<div>
+<p>
+In our project, we aim to engineer non-pathogenic E. coli as a vector to deliver a potential drug into the tumour core. We use the Biobricks Part BBa_K299812 (http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K299812), which contains the invasin gene from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and the listerolysin O gene from Listeria monocytogenes. The Invasin protein allows for bacteria to enter mammalian cells, while Listerolysin O is a pore-forming protein that enable bacteria to escape the endosome. These two proteins are involved in pathogenesis of their respective bacterial species.
+</p>
+<p>
+The Invasin and Listerolysin proteins enable our E. coli to enter mammalian cells, and escape the endosome, where they can subsequently deliver an encoded therapeutic to kill the tumour cell. To ensure that these proteins are only expressed under the conditions of the tumour microenvironment, the invasin and listerolysin proteins will be placed under the control of an anaerobic promoter, and a quorum sensing system.
+</p>
+</div>
+<h3>Safety in Our Lab</h3>
+<div>
+<p>All our team members have undergone Chemical, Biological and Fire Safety Training from the Office of Safety, Health and Environment (OSHE http://www.nus.edu.sg/osh/), the department in charge of Laboratory and Work Safety at the National University of Singapore</p>
+<p> For each protocol used for our experiments, we have a separate risk assessment. Please refer to our ‘protocols’ page for more information. </p>
+<p>Our laboratory is equipped with biological and chemical spill kits, and all members of our iGEM Team are trained to handle Biological and Chemical Spills.
+Our laboratory is classified as Biosafety Level 2, according to the classification by the Wolrd Health Organisation (WHO) and the Genetic Modification Advisory Committee of the government of Singapore (http://www.gmac.gov.sg/).</p>
+<p> Bacterial work and Mammalian cell culture are performed in separate BSL2 Biosafety Cabinets, while DNA work is done on the bench. No cytotoxic reagents are used in our laboratory; Sybr Safe DNA stain is used rather than Ethidium Bromide.
+Liquid biological waste is decontaminated using 10% Bleach, while Solid biological waste is sent for incineration in a local incineration plant devoted to medical waste (Sembcorp http://www.sembcorp.com/en/business-on-site-services-solid_waste_management.aspx). </p>
+</div>
+<h3>Safety Requirements for iGEM Participation</h3>
+<div>
+<p>For the fulfillment of requirements for safety from the iGEM foundation, we have submitted the ‘About our lab’ safety forms (https://2015.igem.org/Safety/About_Our_Lab?team_id=1804) and the ‘Final Safety form (Yihan will complete this later to the deadline as currently can’t confirm what we are submitting to parts registry. Just put in first)’ </p>
+<p>We have also performed a check-in (https://2015.igem.org/Safety/Check_In) for the Biobricks Part (Bba_k299812 http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K299812), which contains the invasin gene from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and the listerolysin O gene from Listeria monocytogenes. </p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="gap gap-50" style=background-image:url(navigation/project.jpg);height:300px></div>
+<div class=content id=requirement style="height:500px">
+  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/9/93/SPSingapore_requirementTitle.png" width="682" height="170" alt="requirement">
+ <div id=requirementAccordions>
+<h3>Gold</h3>
+<div>
+  <p><strong>In addition to the Bronze and Silver Medal requirements, your team must convince the judges you have achieved at least two of the following goals:    </strong></p>
+  <p>1. Choose one of these two options: (1) Expand on your silver medal Human Practices activity by demonstrating how you have integrated the investigated issues into the design and/or execution of your project. OR (2) Demonstrate an innovative Human Practices activity that relates to your project (this typically involves educational, public engagement, and/or public perception activities; see the Human Practices Hub for information and examples of innovative activities from previous teams).  </p>
+  <p>2. Help any registered iGEM team from a high-school, different track, another university, or institution in a significant way by, for example, mentoring a new team, characterizing a part, debugging a construct, modeling/simulating their system or helping validate a software/hardware solution to a synbio problem.  </p>
+  <p>3. Improve the function OR characterization of a previously existing BioBrick Part or Device (created by another team, or by your own team in in a previous year of iGEM), and enter this information in the part's page on the Registry. Please see the Registry Contribution help page for help on documenting a contribution to an existing part. This part must not come from your team's 2015 range of part numbers.
+    Demonstrate a functional prototype of your project. Your prototype can derive from a previous project (that was not demonstrated to work) by your team or by another team. Show this system working under real-world conditions that you simulate in the lab. </p>
+</div>
+<h3>Silver</h3>
+<div>
+  <p><strong>In addition to the Bronze Medal requirements, your team must convince the judges you have achieved the following 3 goals:    </strong></p>
+  <p>1. Experimentally validate that at least one new BioBrick Part or Device of your own design and construction works as expected. Document the characterization of this part in the Main Page section of the Registry entry for that Part/Device. This working part must be different from the part you documented in Bronze medal.    </p>
+  <p>2. Submit this new part to the iGEM Parts Registry. This part must be different from the part you documented in Bronze medal. (Submissions must adhere to the iGEM Registry guidelines.)    </p>
+  <p>3. iGEM projects involve important questions beyond the bench, for example relating to (but not limited to) ethics, sustainability, social justice, safety, security, and intellectual property rights. We refer to these activities as Human Practices in iGEM. Demonstrate how your team has identified, investigated and addressed one or more of these issues in the context of your project.</p>
+</div>
+<h3>Bronze</h3>
+<div>
+  <p>1. Register for iGEM, have a great summer, and attend the Giant Jamboree.    </p>
+  <p>2. Complete the Judging form.
+    Create and share a Description of the team's project using the iGEM wiki, and document the team's parts using the Registry of Standard Biological Parts.    </p>
+  <p>3. Present a poster and a talk at the iGEM Jamboree.    </p>
+  <p>4. Create a page on your team wiki with clear attribution of each aspect of your project. This page must clearly attribute work done by the students and distinguish it from work done by others, including host labs, advisors, instructors, sponsors, professional website designers, artists, and commercial services. </p>
+  <p>5. Document at least one new standard BioBrick Part or Device central to your project and submit this part to the iGEM Registry (submissions must adhere to the iGEM Registry guidelines). You may also document a new application of a BioBrick part from a previous iGEM year, adding that documentation to the part's main page. </p>
+</div>
+</div>
+  </div>
+</div>
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