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<h1>OUR PROJECT</h1>
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  <h1>OVERVIEW</h1>
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       <h2>SENDER</h2>
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       <p> Communication between cells is instrumental in coordinating population-level activity. In a process known as "quorum sensing," bacteria both secrete and sense autoinducer signaling molecules to enable synchronization of group gene expression paradigms. The synthetic biology community has rapidly adopted these quorum signaling pathways for use in programmed circuitry. However, chemical signals must diffuse between sender and receiver cells, limiting such communication to a common environment. In electronics, when electrical signals must be transferred between two circuits operating at incompatible voltages, electrical engineers use optocouplers, components that transfer information between isolated circuits via light. The 2015 Penn iGEM team presents a biological analog of the optocoupler, a cell-to-cell communication system in which a "sender" cell generates light via bioluminesence and a "receiver" cell expresses photoreceptors to enable light-dependent physiological responses. We show that light elicits a response in light-sensitive receivers and illuminated potential applications for this alternative form of cell communication.</p>
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    <p><span class="first-character sc">T</span>he light producing component of the communication system is initiated by a constitutive promoter (BBa_J23100) and followed by an RBS and the lux box. Expression of the genes in the lux box is responsible for producing luminescence. The box contains the following genes in order: LuxC, D, A, B, E and G. Lux A and B are responsible for encoding two subunits of bacterial luciferase. The genes LuxC, D, and E code for the substrate for the light emitting reaction, tetradecanal. The luxG gene has no known function, however, inclusion of the gene is known to increase light output. The circuit is completed with a stop codon and a terminator. </p>
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    <p class="margin-top-10">The UGG brand began to symbolize those who embraced sport and a relaxed, active lifestyle. More than that, an emotional connection and a true feeling of love began to grow for UGG boots, just as Brian had envisioned. People didn't just like wearing UGG boots, they fell in love with them and literally could not take them off. By the end of the 90's, celebrities and those in the fashion world took notice of the UGG brand. A cultural shift occurred as well - people were embracing, and feeling empowered, by living a more casual lifestyle and UGG became one of the symbols of this lifestyle. By 2000, a love that began on the beaches had become an icon of casual style. It was at this time that the love for UGG grew in the east, over the Rockies and in Chicago. In 2000, UGG Sheepskin boots were first featured on Oprah's Favorite Things® and Oprah emphatically declared that she "LOOOOOVES her UGG boots." From that point on, the world began to notice.</p>
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    <h2>HELLO NEW YORK</h2>
 
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    <h10><span class="first-character ny">B</span>reaking into the New York fashion world is no easy task. But by the early 2000's, UGG Australia began to take it by storm. The evolution of UGG from a brand that made sheepskin boots, slippers, clogs and sandals for an active, outdoor lifestyle to a brand that was now being touted as a symbol of a stylish, casual and luxurious lifestyle was swift. Much of this was due to a brand repositioning effort that transformed UGG into a high-end luxury footwear maker. As a fashion brand, UGG advertisements now graced the pages of Vogue Magazine as well as other fashion books. In the mid 2000's, the desire for premium casual fashion was popping up all over the world and UGG was now perfectly aligned with this movement.</h>
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    <p class="margin-top-10">Fueled by celebrities from coast to coast wearing UGG boots and slippers on their downtime, an entirely new era of fashion was carved out. As a result, the desire and love for UGG increased as people wanted to go deeper into this relaxed UGG experience. UGG began offering numerous color and style variations on their sheepskin boots and slippers. Cold weather boots for women and men and leather casuals were added with great success. What started as a niche item, UGG sheepskin boots were now a must-have staple in everyone's wardrobe. More UGG collections followed, showcasing everything from knit boots to sneakers to wedges, all the while maintaining that luxurious feel UGG is known for all over the world. UGG products were now seen on runways and in fashion shoots from coast to coast. Before long, the love spread even further.</p>
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<h1>BREAKDOWN</h1>
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    <h2>the love is felt around the world</h2>
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<td width="33.33%"><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Penn/Receiver"><img id = "daicon" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/c0/Pennigem_receiver_15.png" height="85%" width="85%"></a></td>
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<td width="33.33%"><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Penn/Communication"><img id = "daicon" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/f/fc/Pennigem_comm_15.png" height="85%" width="85%"></a></td>
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<h1>HUMAN PRACTICES</h1>
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    <p><span class="first-character atw">W</span>hen the New York fashion community notices your brand, the world soon follows. The widespread love for UGG extended to Europe in the mid-2000's along with the stylish casual movement and demand for premium casual fashion. UGG boots and shoes were now seen walking the streets of London, Paris and Amsterdam with regularity. To meet the rising demand from new fans, UGG opened flagship stores in the UK and an additional location in Moscow. As the love spread farther East, concept stores were opened in Beijing, Shanghai and Tokyo. UGG Australia is now an international brand that is loved by all. This love is a result of a magical combination of the amazing functional benefits of sheepskin and the heightened emotional feeling you get when you slip them on your feet. In short, you just feel better all over when you wear UGG boots, slippers, and shoes.</p>
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<a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Penn/Educational_Toolbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/c3/Whatwillstandasatransferfunctionfornow3.png"></a></td>
    <p class="margin-top-10">In 2011, UGG will go back to its roots and focus on bringing the active men that brought the brand to life back with new styles allowing them to love the brand again as well. Partnering with Super Bowl champion and NFL MVP Tom Brady, UGG will invite even more men to feel the love the rest of the world knows so well. UGG will also step into the world of high fashion with UGG Collection. The UGG Collection fuses the timeless craft of Italian shoemaking with the reliable magic of sheepskin, bringing the luxurious feel of UGG to high end fashion. As the love for UGG continues to spread across the world, we have continued to offer new and unexpected ways to experience the brand. The UGG journey continues on and the love for UGG continues to spread.</p>
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      <p> Analagous to  our project goals, the Penn iGEM 2015 team has worked to further illuminate the parallels between genetic circuits and electrical circuits with the addition of the PennTunes Toolbox. Just as there is a distinct change in response when replacing an electric circuit component, the various genetic parts included in this toolbox clearly demonstrate the divergence in expression level due to a change in genetic part (promoter, RBS, etc). As an example, we have characterized one of the inverter strains in the toolbox that exhibits the relationship in the figure to the right.  
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<p>Our aim is to increase the reach of synthetic biology by providing the tools and infrastructure that will make biotechnology more accessible in educational settings. Find out more about our vision of the future for synthetic biology and biotechnology tools by clicking on the graph! </p>
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<h1>Our Team</h1>
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Latest revision as of 19:40, 16 September 2015

University of Pennsylvania iGEM

OUR PROJECT

Communication between cells is instrumental in coordinating population-level activity. In a process known as "quorum sensing," bacteria both secrete and sense autoinducer signaling molecules to enable synchronization of group gene expression paradigms. The synthetic biology community has rapidly adopted these quorum signaling pathways for use in programmed circuitry. However, chemical signals must diffuse between sender and receiver cells, limiting such communication to a common environment. In electronics, when electrical signals must be transferred between two circuits operating at incompatible voltages, electrical engineers use optocouplers, components that transfer information between isolated circuits via light. The 2015 Penn iGEM team presents a biological analog of the optocoupler, a cell-to-cell communication system in which a "sender" cell generates light via bioluminesence and a "receiver" cell expresses photoreceptors to enable light-dependent physiological responses. We show that light elicits a response in light-sensitive receivers and illuminated potential applications for this alternative form of cell communication.

BREAKDOWN



HUMAN PRACTICES

Analagous to our project goals, the Penn iGEM 2015 team has worked to further illuminate the parallels between genetic circuits and electrical circuits with the addition of the PennTunes Toolbox. Just as there is a distinct change in response when replacing an electric circuit component, the various genetic parts included in this toolbox clearly demonstrate the divergence in expression level due to a change in genetic part (promoter, RBS, etc). As an example, we have characterized one of the inverter strains in the toolbox that exhibits the relationship in the figure to the right.

Our aim is to increase the reach of synthetic biology by providing the tools and infrastructure that will make biotechnology more accessible in educational settings. Find out more about our vision of the future for synthetic biology and biotechnology tools by clicking on the graph!

Our Team