Difference between revisions of "Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour20"

"The future depends on what you do today.” ― Mahatma Gandhi

The antibody issue

Since 1975, where Kohler and Milstein initiated the current era of antibody production, by introducing the hybridoma technology, the applications have continuously been extended and mAbs have become an essential part in many aspects of research. Reference: Liu JK1 (2014) The history of monoclonal antibody development - Progress, remaining challenges and future innovations. Sep 11;3(4):113-6.
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2014.09.001. [PubMed] The production is a bio engineered process, carried out in mammalian cells, especially in mice because of their similarity to human cells. Despite several advantages, some drawbacks of using mammalian cells are often disregarded: they are cumbersome, costly and needy to work with. Foremost requirements for a system capable of making mAbs are high growth rate and high production yield. The demand is continuously growing and the production market is exponentially rising. In the end of 2014, 47 mAbs have been approved for treatment in US and Europe and this number is estimated to be ~70 in 2020, with a world-wide revenue at nearly $125 billion. Reference: Dawn M Ecker, Susan Dana Jones & Howard L Levine (2015) The therapeutic monoclonal antibody market, mAbs, 7:1, 9-14,
DOI: 10.4161/19420862.2015.989042 [PubMed] Eager to read more about the current production methods? Go to Antibody Production.

We find it important to consider the cost effectiveness and not at least ethics that are connected to the use of animal cells. No doubt about the effectiveness of antibodies, yet the cost is high. Despite strength control and legislation in Denmark an alternative to laboratory animals will always be preferable. Furthermore the search for alternatives to animals in research for decades implies that scientists too find the existing method controversial. Read our page Animal Ethics for more information about this.

Peptide aptamers are molecules consisting of a scaffold protein with a variable loop (Figure 1), which make them perfect in the search for an alternative to traditional antibodies (Figure 2). Since the variable part can function as the heavy and light chains of an antibody and the variable loop can function as the antigen binding region. By manipulating Escherichia Coli into producing peptide aptamers many of the drawbacks by using mammalian cells will be minimized. Read more at The Alternative, later on in this chapter.