Difference between revisions of "Team:IONIS Paris/Design"

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<title >MICROFLUIDICS</title>
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By talking about your design work on this page, there is one medal criterion that you can attempt to meet, and one award that you can apply for. If your team is going for a gold medal by building a functional prototype, you should tell us what you did on this page. If you are going for the <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Judging/Awards#SpecialPrizes">Applied Design award</a>, you should also complete this page and tell us what you did.  
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<h4>Note</h4>
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<p>In order to be considered for the <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Judging/Awards#SpecialPrizes">Best Applied Design award</a> and/or the <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Judging/Awards#Medals">functional prototype gold medal criterion</a>, you must fill out this page.</p>
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<p>This is a prize for the team that has developed a synthetic biology product to solve a real world problem in the most elegant way. The students will have considered how well the product addresses the problem versus other potential solutions, how the product integrates or disrupts other products and processes, and how its lifecycle can more broadly impact our lives and environments in positive and negative ways.</p>
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If you are working on art and design as your main project, please join the art and design track. If you are integrating art and design into the core of your main project, please apply for the award by completing this page.
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<h1 class="intro wow zoomIn" wow-data-delay="0.4s" wow-data-duration="0.9s"  style="font-family:sans-serif; color:#B00000 " >MICROFLUIDICS</h1>
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<!-- INTRODUCTION -->
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<div id="about"  class="container spacer about">
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<h2 class="text-center wowload fadeInUp" style="color:#ff0000"><big>What is Microfluidics?</big></h2>
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<h2 class="text-center wowload fadeInUp"> </h2>
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<h4><i class="fa fa-code-fork" style="color:#b22222"></i> Manipulating and controlling fluids </h4>
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Microfluidics is the science and technology of manipulating and controlling fluids, usually in the range of micro liters (10-6) to pico liters (10-12), in networks of channels with lowest dimensions from ten to hundred micrometers. This emerging discipline takes its origin in the early 1990s and has known a dramatic growth since then, partly due to the increasing popularity of microscale analytical chemistry techniques and the development of microelectronic technologies.
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<h4><i class="fa fa-thumbs-o-up" style="color:#b22222"></i> A very attractive technology </h4>
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Microfluidics is a very attractive technology for both academic researchers and industrials since it considerably:<br>
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<li><i class="fa fa-angle-right"style="color:#b22222"></i> Decreases sample and reagent consumptions </li>
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<li><i class="fa fa-angle-right"style="color:#b22222"></i> Shortens time of experiments and doing so </li>
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<li><i class="fa fa-angle-right"style="color:#b22222"></i> Reduces the overall costs of applications </li>
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Thanks to the low volume required, microfluidics represents a promising alternative to conventional laboratory techniques as it allows achieving complete laboratory protocols on a single chip of few square centimeters.
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<CENTER>
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<i class="fa fa-code-fork  fa-5x"></i><h4>Microfluidics</h4>
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<div class="col-sm-3 col-xs-6">
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<i class="fa fa-gamepad  fa-5x"></i><h4>Bio-Console</h4>
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<div class="col-sm-3 col-xs-6">
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<i class="fa fa-lightbulb-o  fa-5x"></i><h4>Light signals</h4>
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<div class="col-sm-3 col-xs-6">
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<i class="fa fa-qq  fa-5x"></i><h4>BACT'MAN</h4>
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<div id="about"  class="container spacer about">
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<h2 class="text-center wowload fadeInUp" style="color:#ff0000"><big>Microfluidics chip</big></h2>
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<h4><i class="fa fa-paint-brush"style="color:#b22222"></i>A specific design </h4>
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Microfluidic chips are the devices used in microfluidics in which a micro-channels network has been modelled or patterned. Thanks to a various number of inlet and outlet ports, these microfluidic instruments allow your fluids to pass through different channels of different diameter, usually ranging from 5 to 500 µm1. The micro-channels network must be specifically designed for your application and the analyses you want to carry out.
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/07/IGEM_puce.png" alt="Logo" width="280" height=auto>
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<h4><i class="fa fa-share-alt-square"style="color:#b22222"></i> Several applications</h4>
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<p align="justify">
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Microfluidic devices such as chips have many advantages as they can decrease your sample and reagent consumption and increase automation, thus minimizing your analysis time. Such devices allow applications in many areas such as medicine, biology, chemistry and physics. Three types of materials are commonly used to create microfluidic chips: silicon, glass, and polymers. Each material has its specific chemical and physical characteristics. The choice of the material depends on the needs and conditions of your applications (type of solvant, samples, etc.), the design of the chip you want to obtain and your budget.
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<h4><i class="fa fa-puzzle-piece"style="color:#b22222"></i> Several materials</h4>
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<p align="justify">
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<i class="fa fa-angle-right"style="color:#b22222"></i><b> Microfluidic chip in silicon</b><br>
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Advantages of silicon are its superior thermal conductivity, surface stability and solvent compatibility. However no applications in optical detection can be done due to its optical opacity.<br>
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</p>
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<p align="justify">
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<i class="fa fa-angle-right"style="color:#b22222"></i><b> Microfluidic chip in glass</b><br>
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Glass shares with silicon the same advantages mentioned above. Its well-defined surface chemistries, superior optical transparency and excellent high-pressure resistance make it a material of choice for many applications. Glass is also biocompatible, chemically inert, and hydrophilic and allows efficient coatings. The main hurdle with this material remains its rather high cost, even though prices have been significantly reduced.<br>
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</p>
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<p align="justify">
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<i class="fa fa-angle-right"style="color:#b22222"></i><b> Microfluidic chip in polymers</b><br>
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Polymers offer an attractive alternative to glass and silicon as they are cheaper, robust and require faster fabrication processes. Many polymers can be used to build chips : Polystyrene (PS), Polycarbonate (PC), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC), Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
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<p align="center" style="font-size:14px;">
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b2/20150915_144439.jpg" alt="Logo" width="500" height=auto>
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<br>
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Our microfluidic chip is designed in PDMS by Microfactory. <br><br>
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/01/Microfactory.png" alt="partners" width=auto height="60">
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<br>
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Microfactory is a spin-off from ESPCI, more specifically from the MMN Lab (Microfluidics, Microelectromechanical systems - MEMS and Nanostructures laboratory)
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<div id="about"  class="container spacer about">
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<h2 class="text-center wowload fadeInUp" style="color:#ff0000"><big>Our Bio-Console</big></h2>
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<div class="wowload fadeInUp">
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<h4><i class="fa fa-ils"style="color:#b22222"></i> Introduction </h4>
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<p align="justify">
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Our first goal in this game is to interact with the real world throw a computer game. The game is based on the movement of a bubble in a microfluidic system, then we add a virtual part to the microscope video and integrate our virtual game.
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<div class="col-sm-6 wowload fadeInLeft">
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<h4><i class="fa fa-bullseye"style="color:#b22222"></i> The bubble detection</h4>
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<p align="justify">
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First of all, we add to detect the bubble in the system, so we use the Hough circle detection algorithm to find it and return it position. We decided to use a microfluidic chip of 1,2x1,6 cm of size with 0,3 mm sized channels. The detection have to find the bubble of 0,3 mm diameter in a channel used as a circuit. To detect the bubble, the contrast between the bubble and the environment have to be sufficient to locate the bubble in the microscope image.
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So, we decided to use a transparent and blue environment to respect this contrast.
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<div class="col-sm-6 wowload fadeInRight">
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<br>
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<p align="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/d/d1/Micro_lab.jpg" alt="Logo" width="400" height=auto> </p>   
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</div>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-sm-6 wowload fadeInLeft">
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<p align="center"><center><video width="350" height="300" poster="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/d/d1/Micro_lab.jpg" controls>
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<source src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/bd/Video-1442517680.mp4.mp4" type='video/mp4'/>
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<source src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/ba/Video-1442517680.ogg" type='video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"'/>
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<source src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/69/Video-1442517680.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"'/>
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</video></center> </p> 
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<div class="col-sm-6 wowload fadeInRight">
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<h4><i class="fa fa-gamepad"style="color:#b22222"></i>The game part</h4>
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<p align="justify">
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Once we have detected the bubble in the image, we have to integrate it into a game, the location of the bubble gives us a position in the image and a size, and the virtual part can be added to interact with the bubble. All the virtual part is construct like a game engine, we have the Game User Interface engine (GUI engine), the Graphical engine, the Physical engine, etc. The bubble has also its own virtual part to interact with the virtual world. As we said, the player has to move the bubble into the chip from a beginning point to the end of the circuit, and this circuit have a lot of virtual objects like lasers, checkpoints, etc. The player have to interact with the bubble to dodge the lasers, and if he touch one off them, the game detect a collision between the bubble detected with our Hough circle detection and the virtual laser. That’s how we interact between the real world and our virtual world.
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</p> 
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<div class="col-sm-6 wowload fadeInLeft">
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<h4><i class="fa fa-gamepad"style="color:#b22222"></i>3D printing the Bio-Console</h4>
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<p align="justify">
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In order to transport and move properly and safely our Bio-Console we decided to 3D print a Bio-Console container box. This box is designed by sketchup exclusively for the Bio-Console in ABS.
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Using this technology, we managed to print this box in twice 12h of printing: 12h for each part of the box. Indeed, the 3D printer could'nt print the box in one time, because the container dimension was to big for the printer. As a result, we had to design the box in two parts.
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<p align="right"><a href="http://www.sketchup.com/fr"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/7/71/12003133_10153319479234830_8161566696405452406_n.jpg" alt="Logo" width="300" height="200"></a> </p> 
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/9/93/11225186_10153321039674830_446511201726122666_o.jpg" alt="Logo" width="300" height="200">
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<center><video width="300" height="200" poster="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/7/76/VIDEO_box.png" controls>
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<source src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/bd/Video-1442517680.mp4.mp4" type='video/mp4'/>
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<source src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/ba/Video-1442517680.ogg" type='video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"'/>
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<source src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/69/Video-1442517680.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"'/>
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</video></center>
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<li data-target="#carousel-testimonials2" data-slide-to="2"></li>
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</ol></center>
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<!--HIGHLIGHT INFO-->
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<div class="row text-center  wowload fadeInDownBig">
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<CENTER>
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<div class="col-sm-3 col-xs-6">
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<i class="fa fa-square-o  fa-5x"></i><h4>Microfluidic chip</h4>
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</div>
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<div class="col-sm-3 col-xs-6">
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<i class="fa fa-code-fork  fa-5x"></i><h4>Resistivity</h4>
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</div>
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<div class="col-sm-3 col-xs-6">
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<i class="fa fa-check-square-o  fa-5x"></i><h4>Stability</h4>
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</div>
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<div class="col-sm-3 col-xs-6">
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<i class="fa fa-stack-overflow  fa-5x"></i><h4>Flow control</h4>
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</CENTER>
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</div>
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<!--Details sur microfluidiques-->
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<div id="about"  class="container spacer about">
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<h2 class="text-center wowload fadeInUp" style="color:#ff0000"><big> Going further about microfluidics</big></h2>
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<h2 class="text-center wowload fadeInUp"> </h2>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-sm-6 wowload fadeInLeft">
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<h4><i class="fa fa-code-fork" style="color:#b22222"></i> Microfluidic properties and notions </h4>
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<p align="justify">
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As the dimensions of the microfluidic devices are reduced, some physics characteristics are different compared to conventional laboratory-scale assay.
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<br>
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</p>
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<p align="justify">
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For these reasons, dedicated microfluidic instruments have been developed to precisely control fluids (liquids or gas) inside microchannels. Some of these systems can be used directly inside the chip (electrodes, valves, etc) while some others are used as external actuators or accessories such as flow controllers (pressure pumps, syringe pumps, peristaltic pump, etc) or external valves.
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<div class="col-sm-6 wowload  fadeInRight">
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<h4><i class="fa fa-code-fork" style="color:#b22222"></i> Resistivity </h4>
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<p align="justify">
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<b> Electrical analogy and Ohm's law</b><br>
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Microfluidic flows are characterized by the prevalence of the viscosity effects compared to inertia. From a physics point of view, this behavior is pointed out by a low Reynolds number. It leads to a drastic simplification of the complex Navier-Stokes equations describing fluid mechanics. Thus, a very simple equation linking:
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<ul style="list-style:none">
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<li><i class="fa fa-angle-right"style="color:#b22222"></i> Pressure </li>
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<li><i class="fa fa-angle-right"style="color:#b22222"></i> Mean flow-rate </li>
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<li><i class="fa fa-angle-right"style="color:#b22222"></i> Microfluidic resistance can be deduced based on the electrical analogy (Ohm’s law) </li>
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<p align="center"><a href="http://www.fluigent.com/what-is-microfluidics"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/31/Fluigentpressure.png" alt="Logo" width="700" height=auto></a> </p> 
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<br>
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<br>
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<h4><i class="fa fa-stack-overflow" style="color:#b22222"></i> Microfluidic Flow Control System (MFCS <sup>TM</sup>-EZ) </h4>
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<p align="center">
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The MFCS-EZ is a unique pressure-based flow controller for micro-fluidics and nano-fluidics applications.
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<ul style="list-style:none">
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<li><i class="fa fa-angle-right"style="color:#b22222"></i> Easy to install and use </li>
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<li><i class="fa fa-angle-right"style="color:#b22222"></i> Easy to automate</li>
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<li><i class="fa fa-angle-right"style="color:#b22222"></i> Fast and stable </li>
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<li><i class="fa fa-angle-right"style="color:#b22222"></i> Field proven technology </li>
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<li><i class="fa fa-angle-right"style="color:#b22222"></i> The best service at critical times </li>
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<p align="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/6e/Fluigentflowcontrol.png" alt="Logo" width="300" height=auto> </p> 
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<h4><i class="fa fa-question" style="color:#b22222"></i> FASTAB<sup>TM</sup> TECHNOLOGY </h4>
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<p align="justify">
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<center><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/4/4f/Fluigent2.png" alt="Logo" width="600" height=auto></center><br>
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Current microfluidic control systems such as syringe, peristaltic or piston pumps are poorly adapted to the manipulation of fluid volumes in the nanoliter range, leading to long equilibration times, irreproducibility and pulsing. <br>
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</p>
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<p align="justify">
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To solve this problem, FLUIGENT has developed the patented FASTAB<sup>TM</sup> technology: a pressure driven technology including an advanced feedback control algorithm with no mechanical part involved. These specificities enable a pulseless flow as well as a greater responsiveness.
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</br>
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</p>
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<p align="justify">
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Based on the FASTAB<sup>TM</sup> technology, our MFCS<sup>TM</sup> (Microfluidic Flow Control Systems) series are compatible with any microfluidic application.
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<center><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/6e/Fluigent3.png" alt="Logo" width=auto height="300"></center>
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<p>Allowing the end of the game<br>
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Latest revision as of 14:53, 18 September 2015

MICROFLUIDICS

What is Microfluidics?

Manipulating and controlling fluids

Microfluidics is the science and technology of manipulating and controlling fluids, usually in the range of micro liters (10-6) to pico liters (10-12), in networks of channels with lowest dimensions from ten to hundred micrometers. This emerging discipline takes its origin in the early 1990s and has known a dramatic growth since then, partly due to the increasing popularity of microscale analytical chemistry techniques and the development of microelectronic technologies.

A very attractive technology

Microfluidics is a very attractive technology for both academic researchers and industrials since it considerably:

  • Decreases sample and reagent consumptions
  • Shortens time of experiments and doing so
  • Reduces the overall costs of applications


Thanks to the low volume required, microfluidics represents a promising alternative to conventional laboratory techniques as it allows achieving complete laboratory protocols on a single chip of few square centimeters.



Microfluidics

Bio-Console

Light signals

BACT'MAN

Microfluidics chip

A specific design

Microfluidic chips are the devices used in microfluidics in which a micro-channels network has been modelled or patterned. Thanks to a various number of inlet and outlet ports, these microfluidic instruments allow your fluids to pass through different channels of different diameter, usually ranging from 5 to 500 µm1. The micro-channels network must be specifically designed for your application and the analyses you want to carry out.

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Several applications

Microfluidic devices such as chips have many advantages as they can decrease your sample and reagent consumption and increase automation, thus minimizing your analysis time. Such devices allow applications in many areas such as medicine, biology, chemistry and physics. Three types of materials are commonly used to create microfluidic chips: silicon, glass, and polymers. Each material has its specific chemical and physical characteristics. The choice of the material depends on the needs and conditions of your applications (type of solvant, samples, etc.), the design of the chip you want to obtain and your budget.

Several materials

Microfluidic chip in silicon
Advantages of silicon are its superior thermal conductivity, surface stability and solvent compatibility. However no applications in optical detection can be done due to its optical opacity.

Microfluidic chip in glass
Glass shares with silicon the same advantages mentioned above. Its well-defined surface chemistries, superior optical transparency and excellent high-pressure resistance make it a material of choice for many applications. Glass is also biocompatible, chemically inert, and hydrophilic and allows efficient coatings. The main hurdle with this material remains its rather high cost, even though prices have been significantly reduced.

Microfluidic chip in polymers
Polymers offer an attractive alternative to glass and silicon as they are cheaper, robust and require faster fabrication processes. Many polymers can be used to build chips : Polystyrene (PS), Polycarbonate (PC), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC), Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).




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Our microfluidic chip is designed in PDMS by Microfactory.

partners
Microfactory is a spin-off from ESPCI, more specifically from the MMN Lab (Microfluidics, Microelectromechanical systems - MEMS and Nanostructures laboratory)

Our Bio-Console

Introduction

Our first goal in this game is to interact with the real world throw a computer game. The game is based on the movement of a bubble in a microfluidic system, then we add a virtual part to the microscope video and integrate our virtual game.

The bubble detection

First of all, we add to detect the bubble in the system, so we use the Hough circle detection algorithm to find it and return it position. We decided to use a microfluidic chip of 1,2x1,6 cm of size with 0,3 mm sized channels. The detection have to find the bubble of 0,3 mm diameter in a channel used as a circuit. To detect the bubble, the contrast between the bubble and the environment have to be sufficient to locate the bubble in the microscope image. So, we decided to use a transparent and blue environment to respect this contrast.


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The game part

Once we have detected the bubble in the image, we have to integrate it into a game, the location of the bubble gives us a position in the image and a size, and the virtual part can be added to interact with the bubble. All the virtual part is construct like a game engine, we have the Game User Interface engine (GUI engine), the Graphical engine, the Physical engine, etc. The bubble has also its own virtual part to interact with the virtual world. As we said, the player has to move the bubble into the chip from a beginning point to the end of the circuit, and this circuit have a lot of virtual objects like lasers, checkpoints, etc. The player have to interact with the bubble to dodge the lasers, and if he touch one off them, the game detect a collision between the bubble detected with our Hough circle detection and the virtual laser. That’s how we interact between the real world and our virtual world.

3D printing the Bio-Console

In order to transport and move properly and safely our Bio-Console we decided to 3D print a Bio-Console container box. This box is designed by sketchup exclusively for the Bio-Console in ABS. Using this technology, we managed to print this box in twice 12h of printing: 12h for each part of the box. Indeed, the 3D printer could'nt print the box in one time, because the container dimension was to big for the printer. As a result, we had to design the box in two parts.

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Microfluidic chip

Resistivity

Stability

Flow control

Going further about microfluidics

Microfluidic properties and notions

As the dimensions of the microfluidic devices are reduced, some physics characteristics are different compared to conventional laboratory-scale assay.

For these reasons, dedicated microfluidic instruments have been developed to precisely control fluids (liquids or gas) inside microchannels. Some of these systems can be used directly inside the chip (electrodes, valves, etc) while some others are used as external actuators or accessories such as flow controllers (pressure pumps, syringe pumps, peristaltic pump, etc) or external valves.

Resistivity

Electrical analogy and Ohm's law
Microfluidic flows are characterized by the prevalence of the viscosity effects compared to inertia. From a physics point of view, this behavior is pointed out by a low Reynolds number. It leads to a drastic simplification of the complex Navier-Stokes equations describing fluid mechanics. Thus, a very simple equation linking:

  • Pressure
  • Mean flow-rate
  • Microfluidic resistance can be deduced based on the electrical analogy (Ohm’s law)


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Microfluidic Flow Control System (MFCS TM-EZ)

The MFCS-EZ is a unique pressure-based flow controller for micro-fluidics and nano-fluidics applications.

  • Easy to install and use
  • Easy to automate
  • Fast and stable
  • Field proven technology
  • The best service at critical times

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FASTABTM TECHNOLOGY

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Current microfluidic control systems such as syringe, peristaltic or piston pumps are poorly adapted to the manipulation of fluid volumes in the nanoliter range, leading to long equilibration times, irreproducibility and pulsing.

To solve this problem, FLUIGENT has developed the patented FASTABTM technology: a pressure driven technology including an advanced feedback control algorithm with no mechanical part involved. These specificities enable a pulseless flow as well as a greater responsiveness.

Based on the FASTABTM technology, our MFCSTM (Microfluidic Flow Control Systems) series are compatible with any microfluidic application.

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PROJECT

BactMan Adventures

team

OPTOGENETICS

Our scientific core of the project
team

GAME OVER

Allowing the end of the game

IONIS Paris team. 2015 Edition