Difference between revisions of "Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Design"

 
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top: 32px;
 
top: 32px;
 
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right: 15%;
 
right: 15%;
 
list-style:none;
 
list-style:none;
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}
 
}
  
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#width_small {
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.width_small {
 
width: 100px; /*--改主要選單寬度--*/
 
width: 100px; /*--改主要選單寬度--*/
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}
 
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#width_large {
 
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width: 140px; /*--改主要選單寬度--*/
 
 
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top: 5rem;
 
top: 5rem;
 
left: 10%;
 
left: 10%;
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width: 90%;
 
}
 
}
  
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padding-top: 5px;
 
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width: 100%;
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line-height: 30px;
 
}
 
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overflow-y: auto;
 
overflow-y: auto;
 
transition: 0.5s;
 
transition: 0.5s;
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width: 85%;
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left: 20%;
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left: 15%;
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right: 10%;
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position: relative;
 
position: relative;
 
}
 
}
  
 
.sub-Content > li {
 
.sub-Content > li {
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#Healthin_Logo {
 
#Healthin_Logo {
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top: 45px;
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top: 55px;
 
padding-left: 3%;
 
padding-left: 3%;
 
padding-right: 3%;
 
padding-right: 3%;
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height: 94%;
 
height: 94%;
 
}
 
}
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text-align: center;
 
text-align: center;
 
line-height: 20px;
 
line-height: 20px;
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}
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/*-------------------------------------------*/
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/*---------------Article Picture-------------*/
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/*-------------------------------------------*/
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.Container_Article_Picture {
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height: 280px;
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width: 100%;
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padding-top: 25px;
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padding-bottom: 25px;
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}
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.Article_Picture {
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width: 480px;
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height: auto;
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left: 50%;
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right: auto;
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background-color: #FFF;
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margin: 0 0 0 -240px;
 +
position: absolute;
 +
}
 +
 +
.Article_PictureText {
 +
width: 430px;
 +
height: auto;
 +
padding-left: 25px;
 +
padding-right: 25px;
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border-top-width: 2px;
 +
border-top-style: dashed;
 +
border-top-color: #fe5838;
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}
 +
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.Container_Article_Picture1 {
 +
height: 75px;
 +
width: 100%;
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padding-top: 25px;
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padding-bottom: 25px;
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}
 +
 +
.Article_Picture1 {
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width: 500px;
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height: auto;
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left: 50%;
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right: auto;
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background-color: #FFF;
 +
margin: 0 0 0 -250px;
 +
position: absolute;
 +
}
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.Article_Spacing1 {
 +
width: 100%;
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height: 5px;
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}
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.Article_PictureText1 {
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width: 450px;
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height: auto;
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padding-left: 25px;
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padding-right: 25px;
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border-top-width: 2px;
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border-top-style: dashed;
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border-top-color: #fe5838;
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}
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.Container_Article_Picture2 {
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height: 570px;
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width: 100%;
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padding-top: 25px;
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padding-bottom: 25px;
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}
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.Container_Article_Picture3 {
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height: 560px;
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width: 100%;
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padding-top: 25px;
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padding-bottom: 25px;
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}
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.Container_Article_Picture4 {
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height: 400px;
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width: 100%;
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padding-top: 25px;
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padding-bottom: 25px;
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}
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.Article_Picture4 {
 +
width: 368px;
 +
height: auto;
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left: 50%;
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right: auto;
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background-color: #FFF;
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margin: 0 0 0 -184px;
 +
position: absolute;
 +
}
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 +
.Article_PictureText4 {
 +
width: 318px;
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height: auto;
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padding-left: 25px;
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padding-right: 25px;
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border-top-width: 2px;
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border-top-style: dashed;
 +
border-top-color: #fe5838;
 +
}
 +
 +
.Text_Picture {
 +
font-size: 18px;
 +
font-family: Calibri;
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text-align: justify;
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line-height: 26px;
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color: #08923a;
 
}
 
}
  
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ol.part2 {
 
ol.part2 {
 
list-style-type: decimal;
 
list-style-type: decimal;
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padding-left: 50px;
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padding-right: 30px;
 
margin-left: 0px;
 
margin-left: 0px;
 
}
 
}
  
 
ol.part2 li {
 
ol.part2 li {
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<div class="Slidemenu">
 
<div class="Slidemenu">
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
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<li><div id=width_small><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan">Home</a></div>
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<li><div class=width_small><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan">Home</a></div>
 
</li>
 
</li>
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<li><div id=width_small><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Team">Team</a></div>
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<li><div class=width_small span style="cursor:default"><a>Team</a></div>
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</li>
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−
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<li><div id=width_small span style="cursor:default"><div id=Position_Now><a>Project</a></div></div>
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<ul class="subs">
 
<ul class="subs">
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<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Project/Abstract">Abstract</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Team">Team</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Project/Overview">Overview</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Attributions">Attributions</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Project/Parts">Parts</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Project/Results">Results</a></li>
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</ul>
 
</ul>
 
</li>
 
</li>
 
 
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<li><div id=width_small span style="cursor:default"><a>Modeling</a></div>
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<li><div class=width_small span style="cursor:default"><div id=Position_Now><a>Project</a></div></div>
 
<ul class="subs">
 
<ul class="subs">
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<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Modeling/Abstract">Abstract</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Description">Description</a></li>
−
<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Modeling/Simulation">Simulation</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Design">Design</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Modeling/Results">Results</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Results">Results</a></li>
 +
<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Modeling">Modeling</a></li>
 +
<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Experiments">Protocols</a></li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
</li>
 
</li>
 
 
−
<li><div id=width_small span style="cursor:default"><a>Notebook</a></div>
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<li><div class=width_small span style="cursor:default"><a>Parts</a></div>
 
<ul class="subs">
 
<ul class="subs">
−
<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Notebook">Note</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Parts">Team Parts</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Protocols">Protocols</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Basic_Part">Basic Parts</a></li>
 +
<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Composite_Part">Composite Parts</a></li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 +
</li>
 +
 +
<li><div class=width_small><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Notebook">Notebook</a></div>
 
</li>
 
</li>
 
          
 
          
−
<li><div id=width_small><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Safety">Safety</a></div>
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<li><div class=width_small><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Safety">Safety</a></div>
 
</li>
 
</li>
 
 
−
<li><div id=width_large><a href="#">Human Practice</a></div>
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<li><div class=width_small span style="cursor:default"><a>Society</a></div>
 
<ul class="subs">
 
<ul class="subs">
−
<li><a href="#">Sub Item</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Practices">Human Practices</a></li>
−
<li><a href="#">Sub Item</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Collaborations">Collaborations</a></li>
−
<li><a href="#">Sub Item</a></li>
+
<li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a></li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
</li>
 
</li>
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<ul class="main-Content">
 
<ul class="main-Content">
 
<li>
 
<li>
−
<span class="title">Overview</span>
+
<span class="title">Design</span>
 
<ul class="sub-Content">
 
<ul class="sub-Content">
−
<li><a href="#First1">Pigout / Stay in Shape</a></li>
+
<li><a href="#First0">Background</a></li>
 +
<li><a href="#First1">CPP-PYY Fusion Protein Design</a></li>
 +
<li><a href="#First2">Nisin Selection</a></li>
 +
<li><a href="#First3">Suicide</a></li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
</li>
 
</li>
 
<li>
 
<li>
−
<span class="title">Background</span>
+
<span class="title">References</span>
 
<ul class="sub-Content">
 
<ul class="sub-Content">
−
<li><a href="#Second1">CPP-PYY</a></li>
+
<li><a href="#Second1">References</a></li>
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<li><a href="#Second2">Nisin Selection</a></li>
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−
<li><a href="#Second3">Suicide</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<span class="title">Design</span>
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<ul class="sub-Content">
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<li><a href="#Third1">CPP-PYY</a></li>
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−
<li><a href="#Third2">Nisin Selection</a></li>
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−
<li><a href="#Third3">Suicide</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<span class="title">Result</span>
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<ul class="sub-Content">
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<li><a href="#Fourth1">CPP-PYY</a></li>
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−
<li><a href="#Fourth2">Nisin Selection</a></li>
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<li><a href="#Fourth3">Suicide</a></li>
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</ul>
 
</ul>
 
</li>
 
</li>
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(function() {
 
(function() {
 
var main_Contents = document.querySelectorAll("ul.main-Content>li");
 
var main_Contents = document.querySelectorAll("ul.main-Content>li");
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function ContentOpen(index) {
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for (var i = 0; i < main_Contents.length; i++) {
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var sub_Content = main_Contents[i].querySelector(".sub-Content");
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if (i === index) {
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sub_Content.style.height = '11rem';
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} else {
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sub_Content.style.height = '0';
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}
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}
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}
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function makeContentOpenFunc(index) {
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return function() {
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ContentOpen(index);
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}
 
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  for (var i = 0; i < main_Contents.length; i++) {
 
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<div class="Text1">Design</div>
 
<div class="Text1">Design</div>
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<div class="Text2" id="Third1">CPP-PYY</div>
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<div class="Text2" id="First0">Background</div>
 
<div class="Text3">
 
<div class="Text3">
−
Peptide YY is a short peptide that can restrain our appetite. Because the peptide’s head and tail are both amino acid, tyrosine (Y), it is named peptide YY (PYY). PYY has two forms: PYY 1-36 is the unmodified form, and PYY 3-36 is the kind of PYY cut off two amino acids in N-terminal side by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV.[10] Each contains 60% and 40% of all PYY.
+
With the background of our designed Healthin components <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Modeling/Conclusion"><b>[Click on here back to Description]</b></a>, here we present more detailed design on gene circuits:
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
 +
<div class="Text2" id="First1">CPP-PYY Fusion Protein Design</div>
 
<div class="Text3">
 
<div class="Text3">
−
In the situation of PYY binding to the receptors, PYY 1-36’s affinity to Y1, Y2, Y4, and Y5 are all high. However, because PYY 3-36 is cut off two amino acids in N-terminal side causing conformational change, its affinity to Y2 is higher than others.[12] Since both two types of PYY don’t require disulfide bond to stable its structure, it can spontaneously become a stable and activated form in the solution.
+
A fusion protein that combines the main product peptide YY with signaling peptide, cell penetrating peptide and a thrombin-cleavable linker is designed. These additional parts all have individual functions.
 +
</div>
 +
<div class="Container_Article_Picture1">
 +
<div class="Article_Picture1">
 +
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/6a/NTU_Healthin_Design.jpg" width="500px"/>
 +
<div class="Article_Spacing1"></div>
 +
<div class="Article_PictureText1"><div class="Text_Picture">[Fig.1-1] Healthin Design</div></div>
 +
</div>
 
</div>
 
</div>
 
<div class="Text3">
 
<div class="Text3">
−
PYY is classified as gastrointestinal(GI) hormone. After intestine absorbs micromolecule nutrients, ileum and colon epithelial cells will secret PYY to blood.[13] As PYY transports to hypothalamus by blood circulation and interact with neuropeptide Y receptor (NPY) in ventromedial nuclei, making people full up.
+
<ol class="part2">
 +
<li><u>Signaling peptide:</u> Give bacteria the signal to secret Healthin after producing it. At the present stage, the signaling peptide for <i>E.coli</i> is used, however our ultimate goal is to express this fusion protein in <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> and another different signaling peptide is needed.</li>
 +
<li><u>Cell penetrating peptide:</u> Carry the whole fusion protein across membrane burden. The first discovered and the most widely studied cell penetrating peptide, TAT peptide, is used in this design. Its amino acid sequence is GRKKRRQRRRPQ.</li>
 +
<li><u>Peptide YY:</u> The main hormone in appetite controlling. For more detail, please check project description.</li>
 +
<li><u>Thrombin cleavable linker:</u> The linker is composed of the following amino acids: LEAGCKNFFPRSFTSCGSLE. The two Cysteine will bind together with a disulfide bind, and a dithiocyclopeptide linker is formed. This linker design can be adapted to diverse recombinant fusion proteins where in vivo separation of protein domains is required to achieve an improved therapeutic effect, and a desirable pharmacokinetic profile and biodistribution, of the functional domain.</li>
 +
</ol>
 +
</div>
 +
<div class="Text2" id="First2">Nisin Selection</div>
 +
<div class="Container_Article_Picture">
 +
<div class="Article_Picture">
 +
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/34/NTU-Team-nisI.jpg" width="480px"/>
 +
<div class="Article_PictureText"><div class="Text_Picture">[Fig.1-2] Nisin Selection</div></div>
 +
</div>
 
</div>
 
</div>
−
<div class="Text2" id="Third2">Nisin Selection</div>
 
−
<div class="Text3">(Fig. Promoter-RBS-nisI-Ter)</div>
 
−
<div class="Text3">(Fig. plasmid)</div>
 
 
<div class="Text3">
 
<div class="Text3">
−
Studies have showed that for nisin resistance, the immunity lipoprotein NisI as well as the ABC transporter-homologous system NisF/E/G is involved. Functional analysis suggests that NisI acts as nisin-intercepting protein, while NisF/E/G complex acts as exporter that expels the unwanted nisin molecules from cytoplasm to the outer environment.<a href="#Reference5">[5]</a> Researchers find that NisI seems to play a more crucial role in nisin immunity than the NisF/E/G complex.<a href="#Reference6">[6]</a> Through experiments, either of each expressing in the heterologous bacteria is able to protect the host cells.<a href="#Reference5">[5]</a> Moreover, the expression of nisI in <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> was assessed to be at the same level as in <i>Lactococcus lactis</i>.<a href="#Reference6">[6]</a>
+
Studies have showed that for nisin resistance, the immunity lipoprotein NisI as well as the ABC transporter-homologous system NisF/E/G is involved. Functional analysis suggests that NisI acts as nisin-intercepting protein, while NisF/E/G complex acts as exporter that expels the unwanted nisin molecules from cytoplasm to the outer environment.<a href="#Reference1">[1]</a> Researchers find that NisI seems to play a more crucial role in nisin immunity than the NisF/E/G complex.<a href="#Reference2">[2]</a> Through experiments, either of each expressing in the heterologous bacteria is able to protect the host cells.<a href="#Reference1">[1]</a> Moreover, the expression of <i>nisI</i> in <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> was assessed to be at the same level as in <i>Lactococcus lactis</i>.<a href="#Reference2">[2]</a>
 
</div>
 
</div>
 
<div class="Text3">
 
<div class="Text3">
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</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="Text2" id="Third3">Suicide</div>
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<div class="Text2" id="First3">Suicide</div>
 
<div class="Text3">
 
<div class="Text3">
−
We introduced the part in the iGEM biobricks, NucA, as our main suicide gene. NucA codes for the mature form of nuclease from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.[6] This secreted enzyme is 5’-phosphodiesterase, which means it can cleave either single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA; therefore, it plays an vital role in the programmed cell death that involves DNA and RNA degradation.[7]
+
We introduced the part in the iGEM biobricks, NucA, as our main suicide gene. NucA codes for the mature form of nuclease from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. This secreted enzyme is 5’-phosphodiesterase, which means it can cleave either single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA; therefore, it plays an vital role in the programmed cell death that involves DNA and RNA degradation.<a href="#Reference3">[3]</a>
 +
</div>
 +
<div class="Container_Article_Picture">
 +
<div class="Article_Picture">
 +
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/3a/NTU-Team-nuca-promoter.jpg" width="480px"/>
 +
<div class="Article_PictureText"><div class="Text_Picture">[Fig.1-3-1] promoter-RBS-NucA-Ter</div></div>
 +
</div>
 
</div>
 
</div>
−
<div class="Text3">(Fig. promoter-RBS-NucA-Ter)</div>
 
 
<div class="Text3">
 
<div class="Text3">
−
The problem encountered was that we hope our host cells alive in the product, while want them to die after producing moderate quantities of PYY in human intestines; also, when they are evacuated, back to the outside environment, the suicide gene must be turn on. We later searched the iGEM biobricks and found CI repressor that can bind to its regulated promoter, pCI, to repress the transcription.[8][9]
+
The problem encountered was that we hope our host cells alive in the product, while want them to die after producing moderate quantities of PYY in human intestines; also, when they are evacuated, back to the outside environment, the suicide gene must be turn on. We later searched the iGEM biobricks and found CI repressor that can bind to its regulated promoter, pCI, to repress the transcription.<a href="#Reference4">[4]</a><a href="#Reference5">[5]</a>
 +
</div>
 +
<div class="Container_Article_Picture">
 +
<div class="Article_Picture">
 +
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/9/9a/NTU-Team-nuca.jpg" width="480px"/>
 +
<div class="Article_PictureText"><div class="Text_Picture">[Fig.1-3-2] Suicide Kill Part</div></div>
 +
</div>
 
</div>
 
</div>
−
<div class="Text3">(Fig. pCI-RBS-NucA-Ter)&(cI)</div>
 
 
<div class="Text3">
 
<div class="Text3">
 
Now that the suicide gene NucA is inhibited by CI, the amount of CI protein inside the bacteria comes out to be immensely significant. To elaborate, we ought to carefully control the yield of CI produced by <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> ATCC393. The excess can make sure the cells are vigorous so that our main CPP-PYY gene circuit can function properly; on the other hand, the lack will turn on the transcription of thermonuclease which leads to the death of the host cells. To well control the quantity of CI repressor, we introduced the promoter of lac operon of <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> ATCC393 which is regulated by the ratio of lactose and glucose.
 
Now that the suicide gene NucA is inhibited by CI, the amount of CI protein inside the bacteria comes out to be immensely significant. To elaborate, we ought to carefully control the yield of CI produced by <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> ATCC393. The excess can make sure the cells are vigorous so that our main CPP-PYY gene circuit can function properly; on the other hand, the lack will turn on the transcription of thermonuclease which leads to the death of the host cells. To well control the quantity of CI repressor, we introduced the promoter of lac operon of <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> ATCC393 which is regulated by the ratio of lactose and glucose.
 
</div>
 
</div>
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<div class="Text3">(part--alive)</div>
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<div class="Container_Article_Picture2">
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<div class="Text3">(part--dead)</div>
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<div class="Article_Picture">
 +
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/68/NTU_Safety_Alive.jpg" width="480px"/>
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<div class="Article_PictureText"><div class="Text_Picture">[Fig.1-3-3] Alive Path</div></div>
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/17/NTU_Safety_Dead.jpg" width="480px"/>
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<div class="Article_PictureText"><div class="Text_Picture">[Fig.1-3-4] Dead Path</div></div>
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<div class="Text2" id="Third3">Reference</div>
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<div class="Text1">References</div>
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[1] Ballantyne, G.H. Peptide YY(1-36) and peptide YY(3-36): Part I. Distribution, release and actions. Obes Surg. 2006; 16:651-8.
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[1] Torsten Stein, Stefan Heinzmann, Irina Solovieva, and Karl-Dieter Entian. Function of Lactococcus lactis nisin immunity genes nisI and nisFEG after coordinated expression in the surrogate host Bacillus subtilis. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 278, No. 1, Issue of January 3, p.89–94. Germany. (2003)
 
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[2] Nygaard, R., Nielbo, S., Schwartz, T. W. and Poulsen, F. M. (2006) The PP-Fold Solution Structure of Human Polypeptide YY and Human PYY3-36 As Determined by NMR. Biochemistry, 2006, 45 (27), pp 8350–8357
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[2] T. M. Takala · P. E. J. Saris. A food-grade cloning vector for lactic acid bacteria based on the nisin immunity gene nisI. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 59, p.467–471. U.S.A. (2003)
 
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[3] Batterham, R.L. ,Bloom, S. R. (2002) Gut hormone PYY(3-36) physiologically inhibits food intake. Nature, 418, pp. 650-654.
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[3] Yu Hua, Jianghong Mengb, Chunlei Shia, Kirstin Hervina, Pina M. Fratamicoc, Xianming Shia. Characterization and comparative analysis of a second thermonuclease from Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiological Research, Volume 168, Issue 3, 30 March 2013, P.174–182. U.S.A. (2012)
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[4] iGEM Part: <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_C0051">http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_C0051</a>
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[5] iGEM Part: <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_R0051">http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_R0051</a>
 
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Latest revision as of 15:26, 18 September 2015

NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan

Design
Background
With the background of our designed Healthin components [Click on here back to Description], here we present more detailed design on gene circuits:
CPP-PYY Fusion Protein Design
A fusion protein that combines the main product peptide YY with signaling peptide, cell penetrating peptide and a thrombin-cleavable linker is designed. These additional parts all have individual functions.
[Fig.1-1] Healthin Design
  1. Signaling peptide: Give bacteria the signal to secret Healthin after producing it. At the present stage, the signaling peptide for E.coli is used, however our ultimate goal is to express this fusion protein in Lactobacillus casei and another different signaling peptide is needed.
  2. Cell penetrating peptide: Carry the whole fusion protein across membrane burden. The first discovered and the most widely studied cell penetrating peptide, TAT peptide, is used in this design. Its amino acid sequence is GRKKRRQRRRPQ.
  3. Peptide YY: The main hormone in appetite controlling. For more detail, please check project description.
  4. Thrombin cleavable linker: The linker is composed of the following amino acids: LEAGCKNFFPRSFTSCGSLE. The two Cysteine will bind together with a disulfide bind, and a dithiocyclopeptide linker is formed. This linker design can be adapted to diverse recombinant fusion proteins where in vivo separation of protein domains is required to achieve an improved therapeutic effect, and a desirable pharmacokinetic profile and biodistribution, of the functional domain.
Nisin Selection
[Fig.1-2] Nisin Selection
Studies have showed that for nisin resistance, the immunity lipoprotein NisI as well as the ABC transporter-homologous system NisF/E/G is involved. Functional analysis suggests that NisI acts as nisin-intercepting protein, while NisF/E/G complex acts as exporter that expels the unwanted nisin molecules from cytoplasm to the outer environment.[1] Researchers find that NisI seems to play a more crucial role in nisin immunity than the NisF/E/G complex.[2] Through experiments, either of each expressing in the heterologous bacteria is able to protect the host cells.[1] Moreover, the expression of nisI in Lactobacillus plantarum was assessed to be at the same level as in Lactococcus lactis.[2]
The figure above shows our gene circuit for nisin selection. The promoter we chose was pUO19 from Escherichia coli which is also functional in Lactobacillus casei and the gene nisI helps Lactobacillus casei transform from nisin-sensitive into nisin-resistant. The fraction enlarged was latter proceeded ligation with CPP-PYY circuit, enabling the following selection.
Suicide
We introduced the part in the iGEM biobricks, NucA, as our main suicide gene. NucA codes for the mature form of nuclease from Staphylococcus aureus. This secreted enzyme is 5’-phosphodiesterase, which means it can cleave either single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA; therefore, it plays an vital role in the programmed cell death that involves DNA and RNA degradation.[3]
[Fig.1-3-1] promoter-RBS-NucA-Ter
The problem encountered was that we hope our host cells alive in the product, while want them to die after producing moderate quantities of PYY in human intestines; also, when they are evacuated, back to the outside environment, the suicide gene must be turn on. We later searched the iGEM biobricks and found CI repressor that can bind to its regulated promoter, pCI, to repress the transcription.[4][5]
[Fig.1-3-2] Suicide Kill Part
Now that the suicide gene NucA is inhibited by CI, the amount of CI protein inside the bacteria comes out to be immensely significant. To elaborate, we ought to carefully control the yield of CI produced by Lactobacillus casei ATCC393. The excess can make sure the cells are vigorous so that our main CPP-PYY gene circuit can function properly; on the other hand, the lack will turn on the transcription of thermonuclease which leads to the death of the host cells. To well control the quantity of CI repressor, we introduced the promoter of lac operon of Lactobacillus casei ATCC393 which is regulated by the ratio of lactose and glucose.
[Fig.1-3-3] Alive Path
[Fig.1-3-4] Dead Path
References
References
[1] Torsten Stein, Stefan Heinzmann, Irina Solovieva, and Karl-Dieter Entian. Function of Lactococcus lactis nisin immunity genes nisI and nisFEG after coordinated expression in the surrogate host Bacillus subtilis. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 278, No. 1, Issue of January 3, p.89–94. Germany. (2003)
[2] T. M. Takala · P. E. J. Saris. A food-grade cloning vector for lactic acid bacteria based on the nisin immunity gene nisI. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 59, p.467–471. U.S.A. (2003)
[3] Yu Hua, Jianghong Mengb, Chunlei Shia, Kirstin Hervina, Pina M. Fratamicoc, Xianming Shia. Characterization and comparative analysis of a second thermonuclease from Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiological Research, Volume 168, Issue 3, 30 March 2013, P.174–182. U.S.A. (2012)
Maintained by the iGEM team NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan    ©2015 NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan