Difference between revisions of "Team:UI Indonesia/pnp"
| (42 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
| Line 54: | Line 54: | ||
/*Set up height place holder for the banner*/ | /*Set up height place holder for the banner*/ | ||
#bannerContainer { | #bannerContainer { | ||
| − | height: | + | height:600px; |
margin:auto; | margin:auto; | ||
text-align:center; | text-align:center; | ||
| Line 139: | Line 139: | ||
display: block; | display: block; | ||
width: 100%; | width: 100%; | ||
| − | height: | + | height:40px; |
padding-top:10px; | padding-top:10px; | ||
} | } | ||
| Line 171: | Line 171: | ||
padding-left:20px; | padding-left:20px; | ||
padding-right:20px; | padding-right:20px; | ||
| − | height: | + | height:40px; |
padding-top:10px; | padding-top:10px; | ||
margin-top:-2px; | margin-top:-2px; | ||
| Line 213: | Line 213: | ||
<p>You can make the image 980px by 200px</p> | <p>You can make the image 980px by 200px</p> | ||
<p> Remember to call the file: "<i>Team_UI_Indonesia_banner.jpg</i>" </p>--> | <p> Remember to call the file: "<i>Team_UI_Indonesia_banner.jpg</i>" </p>--> | ||
| − | + | <img width="900px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/a/a4/UI_Indonesia_mind.jpg"> | |
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 233: | Line 233: | ||
<li>Public Outreach | <li>Public Outreach | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <a | + | <a onclick="harganas()""><li>Harganas</li></a> |
<a onclick="gcwsb()"><li>Get Closer With Synthetic Biology</li></a> | <a onclick="gcwsb()"><li>Get Closer With Synthetic Biology</li></a> | ||
| + | <a onclick="bkkbn()"><li>BKKBN</li></a> | ||
<a onclick="ourcampaign()"><li>Our Campaign</li></a> | <a onclick="ourcampaign()"><li>Our Campaign</li></a> | ||
| Line 245: | Line 246: | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
<a onclick="ei()"><li>Ethical Investigation</li></a> | <a onclick="ei()"><li>Ethical Investigation</li></a> | ||
| + | <a onclick="ei()"><li>Law & Regulation</li></a> | ||
<a onclick="fpage()"><li>Family Planning & Gender Equality</li></a> | <a onclick="fpage()"><li>Family Planning & Gender Equality</li></a> | ||
| − | <a | + | <a onclick="surveysaid()"><li>The Survey Said</li></a> |
<a onclick="sj()"><li>Social Justice On Bacon</li></a> | <a onclick="sj()"><li>Social Justice On Bacon</li></a> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
| Line 253: | Line 255: | ||
<li onclick="biosecurity()">Biosecurity</li> | <li onclick="biosecurity()">Biosecurity</li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
| + | <a onclick="bs()"><li>Biosecurity</li></a> | ||
| + | <a onclick="bw()"><li>Biological Weapon</li></a> | ||
| + | <a onclick="fta()"><li>FTA</li></a> | ||
| + | </ul> | ||
| + | </li> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
<div id="konten" style="width:700px;border: 2px solid #6D5417;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;float:left;margin-left:20px;background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/10/UI_Indonesia_opacity.png');"> | <div id="konten" style="width:700px;border: 2px solid #6D5417;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;float:left;margin-left:20px;background-image: url('https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/10/UI_Indonesia_opacity.png');"> | ||
| Line 259: | Line 266: | ||
<script> | <script> | ||
| + | function harganas() { | ||
| + | document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = "Policy & Practice iGEM UI 2015 Public Outreach : Participating in National Family Day 2015"; | ||
| + | document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = "<center><img src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/f/fa/UI_Indonesia_harganas1.png' width='500px'></center><br><br><b>A. Overview of National Family Day Celebration and it’s Relation With Family Planning Program</b><br><br>Family , the smallest part of communities . But from a good family will appear good and qualified people . Well here means in terms of spiritual and physical . Because family has very important the rolein the community , since 1994 , precisely on June 29 the government commemorating the national family day . National Family Day ( HarGaNas ) by the government is held to invite the whole family Indonesia to introspect and improve itself in order to do what is best for his family .<br><br>National Family Day (HarGaNas) become a strategic moment to remind us of the importance of the family as a place of growth and development of each nation, both physically , mentally and morally , to become a complete human being , for the sake of his own family and the interests of the nation . In addition, to improve our common commitment to continue and develop the construction of small happy and prosperous as expected in the implementation.<br><br>Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs ) is an effort to reduce poverty / hunger , reduce maternal and child mortality , promoting gender equality , as well as addressing HIV / AIDS and other diseases that have undermined the fundamental resilience of a family , community and nation<br><br>Development of population and family, along with efforts to achieve MDG targets in Indonesia, should be supported together. Moreover, in order to control the quantity and improving the quality of the population, our nation has been long enough to apply the concept of development pertaining to the population (people centered development) and construction of family empowerment (family centered development). With the development concept pertaining to the population, the population viewed as a whole five traits, namely as a unique self, as family members, as members of society, as citizens and as a set quantity. While the concept of the development of the family, the family is seen as a strategic vehicle for the development of Human Resources (HR) potential which will give birth to humans the development of reliable in all areas. Logically, the family as the smallest unit of society has such an important role in determining the quality of human resources in general, since the family is the first and the first environment for every individual. Therefore, to realize the potential of human resources, the role of the family is very urgent.<br><br><b>B. What’s the Correlation Between National Family Day Celebration and UI iGEM 2015 Project ?</b><br><br>This year, UI Indonesia team make an iGEM project about Bacterial Contraception (BaCon). We make this product to solve overpopulation problem from the grassroot. Overpopulation can be prevent by birth rate control. Contraceptives are use in family planning implementation.To control birth rate, One of National Family Day commemoration aim is to increase people awareness toward Family Planning.<br><br>As one the most important National Day, National Family Day , was attended by various elements of society and individualofficials. Through this celebration, Policy makers want the human resources to be better with the presence of Family Planning programs. family welfare association , which is an element that is closest to the community , also participated in this event. their presence is useful to promote the benefits of family planning program and to educate the public.<br><br>We were invited by Tangerang Selatan Government to attend National Family Day. It seems like a ‘Perfect Timing’ for us, So, we use this moment to disseminate our project to the various communities and interviewed the stakeholder, from bottom to top. We make socialization and opinion analysis to the society through flyer and interview. We also make small interview to the goverments who attend this event. That’s why we choose this event as part of our team’s Public Outreach &Practice<br><br><center><img src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/a/a7/UI_Indonesia_harganas2.jpg' width='500px'></center>"; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | function surveysaid() { | ||
| + | document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = "The Survey Said"; | ||
| + | document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = "Each product should have formed because of the urgency for the people. To see an urgency in the community, we conducted a survey related to the products that we are developing. Our survey include four parts: the issue of population growth, planning, family planning, gender equality and issues related to contraception as well as public opinion regarding contraceptives tool that we use.<br><br>We spread this questionnaire online at Indonesia as well as in some Asian countries, Europe and America with the help of a team iGEMNoKoGen Japan, METU Turkey,CGU Taiwan, Aix-Marseile France, ITESM Guadalaraja Mexico, SYU Braxil, Tecnion Israel, ,Aachen Germany, and IIT Khargpur Indiaand some our friend in aboard.<br><br>We collect 274 of participants for our questionnaire, all the participant comes from Asia, Europe and America: China, Egypt, India, Malaysia, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, Turkey, Israel, Turkmenistan, Japan, and Indonesia. We gather data and analyze it. First we make-the chard with participants from Asia, America and Europe to analyze overall, we compared both between developing countries and developed countries, namely Indonesia and Japan. Thus we have the general and specific data. Here are the chard from the survey we did.<br><br>A. Survey Result in countries of the Asian, America, and Europe Continent<br><br><img src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/cd/UI_Indonesia_survey1.png' width='500px'><br><br>B. Survey Result between Developed and Developing Countries<br><br><img src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/7/71/Picture21.png' width='500px'><br><br><img src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/3b/Picture22.png' width='500px'><br><br><img src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/2/24/For_uiigem.png' width='500px'><br><br>c. Conclusions:<br><br>There are 273 respondents agreed that the problem of population explosion in the world must be addressed. 173 of 274 respondents also stated that hunger and poverty are major problems as a result of the population explosion. It is proved that the world community is now not only take attention with progress of civilization but the population explosion problem needs to be addressed immediately. It strengthens us to create innovation-friendly new contraceptive.<br><br>In section 2 we review the questionnaire about the urgency of contraception and family planning program. There are 31 of the 274 respondents who are not familiar with the family planning or contraception program to suppress the growth of the population. This is a large number. When we asked if the family you are using contraceptives program only 44% of respondents who gave responpositif. While 53% of them stated that his country has no program to suppress the growth of the population. Some countries set restrictions on the number of children by raising taxes, rectricing birth etc. Results showed 56% of respondents agree and support it. World population is projected to exceed 6 billion before the year 2000. And According to a report by the United Nations Population Fund, the total population is Likely to reach 10 billion by 2025. UNICEF estimates that an average of 353,000 babies are born each day around the world. In addition the survey also shows that condoms are the most desirable appliance contraceptives for reasons of practicality, but on the other hand there is a lack of which is to be disposable and not environmentally friendly, so we create a new, more innovation friendly and reversible.<br><br>Family-planning (FP) programs have focused attention primarily on women to space and/or limit excessive childbearing and to reduce maternal and infant mortality. Today, there’re several contraception methods that used in family planning such as : condoms, IUD, hormonal pills, hormonal injection, spermicides, etc. Unfortunately, from several contraception methods, only condoms that used by male. This has reinforced the belief that FP is largely a woman’s business, the man playing a very peripheral role.However, 38% of respondents chose no preference of it and 58% said no problem, so we conclude that Bacon future can be applied to a woman's body: see more at Future Plan Bacon<br><br>Next analysis we did was to compare respondents developing countries and developed countries, namely Indonesia and Japan. We establish good cooperation with Japan to exchange NoKoGen questionnaire so that this project can be completed. After managing the questionnaires it turns out the largest percentage of the answer choices in both countries falls on the same options.<br><br>Given this questionnaire we can evaluate the marketing strategies, forms of contraceptives that the analysis appliance can be seen in Our Future Bacon Plan."; | ||
| + | |||
| + | } | ||
function eucob() { | function eucob() { | ||
document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = "End User Consideration Of Bacterial Contraception (BaCon)"; | document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = "End User Consideration Of Bacterial Contraception (BaCon)"; | ||
| Line 265: | Line 281: | ||
} | } | ||
function pnpacc() { | function pnpacc() { | ||
| − | document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = " | + | document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = "Biosafety Manual Help Maker"; |
| − | document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = "<center><img src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/7/72/UI_Indonesia_pnpacc.jpg' width='500px'></center>"; | + | document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = "<center><img src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/9/9b/UI_Indonesia_polprac.png' width='500px'></center><br><br>When we discuss our project, we want to know the safe protocol in laboratorium to do our project in UI. Unfortunately, there is no legal protocol or policy that rules about pratices in lab. Furthermore, our insturctor suggested us to discuss with Occupational Health and Safety Environment Laboratory Committee in University of Indonesia, and we agree with that.<br><br>And finally, we met the chief of OSHE Lab Committee, Prof. Fatma Lestari who were kindly to discuss about this problem. Prof. Fatma explained to us that there is a biosafety manual in UI but not legalized yet and the protocols is not done yet. She asked if we want to help them to finished the biosafety manuals while we study about biosafety. We could see that this is the opportunity to us to learn about biosafety in laboratorium so we could work safely and also to promote synthetic biology in one of official in UI, that we hope that they will mention the importance thing to develop this technology which could be useful in the future.<br><br><center><img src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/7/72/UI_Indonesia_pnpacc.jpg' width='500px'></center>"; |
| + | } | ||
| + | function bkkbn() { | ||
| + | document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = "Advocacy to BKKBN (Demographic and Family Planning Bureau)"; | ||
| + | document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = "Interviewee : Mr. Yugi (Head of Research and Development Division on BKKBN)<br><br><center><img width='500' src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/cc/UI_Indonesia_bkkbn1.jpg'></center><br><br>Our team’s project goal is solving the grassroot of demographical problem in Indonesia, the high birth rate. We realized that to solves the crucial problem like this, we need to negotiate and doing advocation to related srtucture of power in Indonesia.<br><br><b>What We do In BKKBN ?</b><br><br>We do a presentation about bacterial contraception. We do a presentation and two way discussion about our project and it’s impact for our country’s future. They said that BKKBN doing researches througoutbyears to find out an ideal (has high effectivity, reversible, minimum side effects, affordable price) contraceptive. They said that our contraceptional inovation is awesome, because there’re no existing synthetic biological based contraceptives before and the new contraceptional method like this are urgently needed for high populated cuntry like Indonesia. Beside that, our product inovation also legal to circulate in Indonesia, according to BKKBN. Why that’s legal ? Because our Bacterial Contraception mechanism is to block sperm and prevents ovulation, not destroying the zygote. So, it’s allowed in every religion in Indonesia.<br><br>They also advise us to continue our research to solve the crucial problem like this through new science inovation. Finally, we had been given the information about the structure of power in Indonesia who have responsibility to the inovation like this.<br><br><b>Is There Any Social Solution for This Problem ?</b><br><br>Yes, previously famiiy planning program implementation which do by the society, used existing contraceptional methods that have some disadvantages. Then, we have to improves the education for the people about the urgency of family planning including the contraceptives usage tutorial. Beside socialization, government should increase the paramedics number to monitor the distribution of Bacterial contraception and do the medical treatments that related to this.<br><br><b>What are The Structure of Power We Have to Face, If We Make This Inovation?</b><br><br>Because our synthetic biology inovation goal is creating a new contraceptives, which is categorized as biological based medicine (According to Peraturan Perundangan BPOM tentang izin edar obat baru : 2012). The most important structure of power are : BPOM (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, A Food & Drug Association in Indonesia) , the Ministry of Health, BKKBN (Demographic and Family Planning Bureau), the Ministry of Environment, bio ethics bureau, and 6 Religion Councils in Indonesia. BPOM (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, A Food & Drug Association in Indonesia) is important because we have to report every research about new drugs (including contraceptive). The report should be consisting of : The explanation of the material that we use, time of research, purpose, risk assessement, and the research’s procedure from 1st phase (pre clinic) to 4th phase (clinical trial). BPOM also responsible to issues drug’s circulation license and provides patent for new drugs. Thus, we have to make sure that our new drugs are safe for human and well packed.<br><br>The Ministry of health also important because it works hand in hand with BPOM (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, A Food & Drug Association in Indonesia). Researcher must give the research report to the ministry of health. So, the ministry of health can asseses the drug’s safety.<br><br>The Ministry of the environment, through Biosfety Clearing House, responsible to asses the synthetic biology research. Researchers also have to send the complete research report to them.<br><br>BKKBN responsibilty is to make sure that the new contraceptive are safe, have high effectivity & acceptable by the society. <br><br>The last are Bio Ethics Bureau & 6 Religions’ Council, they have responsibility to assess the ethical aspects of the inovation of new contraceptive like Bacterial Contraception.<br><br><center><img width='500' src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/f/fe/UI_Indonesia_bkkbn2.jpg'></center>"; | ||
} | } | ||
function faob() { | function faob() { | ||
| Line 282: | Line 302: | ||
function gcwsb() { | function gcwsb() { | ||
document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = "Get Closer with Synthetic Biologi"; | document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = "Get Closer with Synthetic Biologi"; | ||
| − | document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = "<center><img width='650px' src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/e/ee/UI_Indonesia_bannerpublic.jpg'></center>In Indonesia , Synthetic Biology is rarely recognized as well as the IGEM . We did some socialization introduction of Synthetic Biology and IGEM in Indonesian society .In student level, we collaborate with IGEM team ITB and UB to create a writing competition on synthetic biology , followed by students throughout Indonesia , this race will end after IGEM competition is completed.<a href='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/5/56/UI_Indonesia_sma.jpg' target='_blank'>(Click Here to see the poster)</a><br>Meanwhile , single action we are doing in disseminating Synthetic Biology is going to school in JABODETABEK area to give socialization or seminar on Synthetic Biology. One of the schools we visited was SMAN 13 Jakarta and SMP 41 Jakarta.<br><br>*Click the photos below to see the better quality picure<br><a href='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b7/UI_Indonesia_seminar1.png' target='_blank'><img width='120px' height='120px' src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b7/UI_Indonesia_seminar1.png'></a><a href='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/12/UI_Indonesia_seminar2.png' target='_blank'><img width='120px' height='120px' src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/12/UI_Indonesia_seminar2.png'></a><a href='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/5/56/UI_Indonesia_seminar3.png' target='_blank'><img width='120px' height='120px' src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/5/56/UI_Indonesia_seminar3.png'></a><a href='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/31/UI_Indonesia_seminar4.png' target='_blank'><img width='120px' height='120px' src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/31/UI_Indonesia_seminar4.png'></a><a href='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/d/dd/UI_Indonesia_seminar5.png' target='_blank'><img width='120px' height='120px' src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/d/dd/UI_Indonesia_seminar5.png'></a>"; | + | document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = "<br><center><img width='650px' src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/e/ee/UI_Indonesia_bannerpublic.jpg'></center>In Indonesia , Synthetic Biology is rarely recognized as well as the IGEM . We did some socialization introduction of Synthetic Biology and IGEM in Indonesian society .In student level, we collaborate with IGEM team ITB and UB to create a writing competition on synthetic biology , followed by students throughout Indonesia , this race will end after IGEM competition is completed.<a href='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/5/56/UI_Indonesia_sma.jpg' target='_blank'>(Click Here to see the poster)</a><br>Meanwhile , single action we are doing in disseminating Synthetic Biology is going to school in JABODETABEK area to give socialization or seminar on Synthetic Biology. One of the schools we visited was SMAN 13 Jakarta and SMP 41 Jakarta.<br><br>*Click the photos below to see the better quality picure<br><a href='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b7/UI_Indonesia_seminar1.png' target='_blank'><img width='120px' height='120px' src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b7/UI_Indonesia_seminar1.png' ></a><a href='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/12/UI_Indonesia_seminar2.png' target='_blank'><img width='120px' height='120px' src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/12/UI_Indonesia_seminar2.png' style='margin-left:10px'></a><a href='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/5/56/UI_Indonesia_seminar3.png' target='_blank'><img width='120px' height='120px' src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/5/56/UI_Indonesia_seminar3.png' style='margin-left:10px'></a><a href='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/31/UI_Indonesia_seminar4.png' target='_blank'><img width='120px' height='120px' src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/31/UI_Indonesia_seminar4.png' style='margin-left:10px'></a><a href='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/d/dd/UI_Indonesia_seminar5.png' target='_blank'><img width='120px' height='120px' src='https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/d/dd/UI_Indonesia_seminar5.png' style='margin-left:10px'></a>"; |
} | } | ||
function sj() { | function sj() { | ||
| Line 289: | Line 309: | ||
} | } | ||
function fpage() { | function fpage() { | ||
| − | document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = "Family Planning and | + | document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = "<p style='font-size:22px'>Philosophy of Family Planning and it’s Relation to Bacterial Contraception</p>"; |
| − | document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = " | + | document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = "In This Section, our team doing asimple philosophycal investigation on Family Planning and it’s Relation With Bacterial Contraception<br><br><b>A. Family Planning in Ontology View</b><br><br>Ontology is the branch of philosophy that talk about ” what ” (Watra, 2007: 8). In ontology, the family planning program is a plan drafted by the government to regulate the amount / composition of the family members in order to improve the welfare of mothers and children and to realize a small happy and prosperous family through birth control.<br><br><b>B. Family Planning In Epistemology View</b><br><br>Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that discusses the ” how ”(Watra, 2007: 8). In relation to KB, then epistemology how the program is implemented? In epistemology, the program is implemented by the socialization at school level, the community, and all steakholder related to the success of family planning programs.<br><br><b>C. Family Planning in Axiology View</b><br><br>Axiology is the branch of philosophy that talks about ” what's the use / for what ? ” (Watra, 2007: 8). In relation to the family planning program, then what use birth control? What are it’s benefits ? In axiology, family planning programs aimed at forming a small happy and prosperous family, in accordance with the vision and mission of the family planning program. So in 2015 through the Family Planning, realization qualified family.<br><br><b>D. Is Family Planning have Corellation With Human Sexuality ?</b><br><br>Of course yes. Because Human sexuality is an integral part of life. It’s shaped by gendr and by social, political, spiritual factors, and is subject to life long dynamic change. So, Family Planning has corellation with it.<br><br><b>E. Is the Creation of a New Contraception, like Bacterial Contraception can Change our view toward Contraceptives use on Family Planning ?</b><br><br>Today, many people still think that contraceptives used on family planning is ineffective, expensive, troblesome, causing medical complications, and even causing permanent sterility. But, after we develop a synthethic Biology Based Contraceptive which has long effectivity,simple application, reversibility and minimum medical complication. So, people wouldn’t worry anymore to use our new contraceptive for family planning.<br><br><b>F. Is the creation of a New Contraception, like Bacterial Contraception ethical Scientific Inovation ? Is it really safe for human & environment ?</b><br><br>We think that it’s ethical If we engineered a non pathogenic bacteria to crate something useful like food, beverage, medicine, and energy for human. As long as the research follows safety protocol and we design the right kill switch, we design the right output, and monitor the circulation, that will be safe for both.<br><br><b>G. Does your Product Inovation Support Gender Equality in Family Planning</b><br><br>Some people said that our Bacterial Contraception same with previous contraceptives. It’s use by women. But, actually, parameter of gender equality in family planning not only situated on the equipment. But the indicator also situated on the couple’s behavior when using contraceptives. When using this contraceptional method, men should take responsibility to. Beside that, compulsion toward women should not be happen while making decision & using Bacterial Contraception.<br><br><b>H. Does the existance Bacterial Contraception makes big impact for Indonesia ?</b><br><br>Yes, It Could Make the Big Impact for our country like :<br>• Wider Chance for women to level-up their potency (trough work, education, hobby, etc.) if they have enough children, it means that we support the gender equality.<br>• Children will get better affection and education from tehir parents because in small family, parents are easier to monitor their children.<br>• Prevents some disease that cause by too often giving birth<br>• Reduce mother & children mortality rate<br>• Children will get better eduction<br>• If population growth rate stable, it will reduce country’s dependent ratio.<br>• Country will receive demographic bonus that lead to economics development<br><br><b>I. Changing Society’s Paradigm is a Vey Difficult Thing, Are You Sure that You still Continue s, Your research ?</b><br><br>Yes, Why not ? Though it’s hard, we will keep doing this research for the sake of life quality’s improvement. We realized that we, as a university student and researcher can’t do this alone. So, we have to collaborate with any related council like : NGOs, governmental Bureaus (BKKBN, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Women’s Empowerment, BPOM,etc), Industries, Hospitals & Health Cares, etc. We sure that our inivtion can accept by the society & finally solves the overpopulation problem in Indonesia gradually if we work together with them."; |
} | } | ||
function ei() { | function ei() { | ||
| − | document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = "Ethical Investigation on Synthetic Biology Development : Religion View Towards Bacterial Contraception (BaCon), Is it Conflicting or Compatible ?"; | + | document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = "<p style='font-size:22px'>Ethical Investigation on Synthetic Biology Development : Religion View Towards Bacterial Contraception (BaCon), Is it Conflicting or Compatible ?</p>"; |
document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = "”Science and Faith Must Be Friends, for The Same God is Active in Both” –Troy Van Voorhis, MIT Professor-<br><br> Indonesia is neither a liberal nor communist country. Indonesia is not a religion country, but it’s a religious country. Indonesia is very diverse country, people comes from different religion and ethnic background . There’re 6 major religions in Indonesia : Islam, Protestant Chiristianity, Catholic, Hindu, Buddha, and Confucianism.<br><br> As a democratic country which have Pancasila as it’s ideology, religion plays an important role in social life. Other than social life, reigions also takes important part in scientific realm. Some people still think that several scientific researches , especially synthetic biology, still make a debate between the society. Some people who agree with synthetic biology research think that synhetic biology can bring some benefit for human life. But, thoose who are argued with synthetic biology develompment says that synthetic biology research seems like ‘Playing God’ because researchers can enginereed every organism to create a new one in accordance with their wishes.<br><br> We realize that our team is not a Messiah, Mahdi, Maitreya, Krishna, etc.who promise to solves the whole problem with our synthetic biology inovation. But, our team wants our synthetic biology based product can be accepted by the entire society.We did some religious investigation of our product through 6 major religions in Indonesia. So, we can analyze whether or not our product (Bacterial Contraception a ka BaCon) in accordance with the ethical and moral aspect of these religions. We use literature studies & interviews with religious leaders to analyze this aspect.<br><br><b>A. Hindu</b><br>Interviewees : Prof. Dr. I Made Kartika Dhiputra, Dipl. Ing. (Mechanical Engineering Professor, Leader of Hindu Dharma Organisation on Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia & High Priest of Hindu Temple in Halim, Jakarta, Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : Sanata Dharma Magazine<br><br>As the oldest religion in Indonesia, Hindu becoming major religion in few provinces in Indonesia like Bali. 80% people in Bali are Hindu and it becoming important part of people’s daily life.<br><br>In hinduism, scientific research especially synthetic biology experiment that we do, is allowed, as long as it has good benefits and is not misused. Before synthetic biology based product released, researchers should do clinical test to make sure that the product works and safe. Hinduism agreed if the scientists or researchers do animal testing to test synthetic biology based product like our Bacterial Contraception (BaCon), to obtain accurate test result and reduce the danger that may occur if the product test conduct on humans. If the product test conducted on humans, it should be done in accordance with existing regulations by considering the ethical aspect.<br><br>Since ancient time, people of Hinduism have practice Family Planning. One of the Family Planning implementation that have been done by Hindus people is : In Bali, Indonesia, there’s family planning regulation implemented hereditary. This regulation form is limits the number of children in one family. The highest number of chldren who maybe owned by one family is 4. The maximum number of children in one family represents by Balinese-Hindu name : Putu (1st child), Made/Ni Nengah (2nd child), Nyoman (3rd child), and Ketut (4th child). Beside that, there’s a myth that adhered to the community, if there’s family with children more than 4, the familiy neighbor can’t bear any child at all. Because people believe this myth and have tolerance and compassion towards their neighbors, they still run the Family Planning program in order to create a harmonious social life. In addition, people perform Family Planning program that nutrition, moral, education, financial needs of their children are fullfilled(Improves child quality) and a family become prosperous. If these aspects are achieved, the children will become “Suputra”, in Hindu, a “Suputra” is a good, polite, smart, and strong child who can brings happiness to his/her parents.<br><br>In the Hindu religion, gender equality is highly valued. Men and women have equal footing and complementary roles. In Hindu, When a girl was a child she called “Putri” that equal to a boy called “Putra”. When she gets married, she will called “Ibu” that have equal role with adult men called “Ayah’. When a women grow old, she called “Devi” which means a wise crone that same with wise old men called“Deva”. This Hindu philosophy about men & women shown that men and women are equal and must be honored. On Family Planning implementation, gender equality plays important role. To obtain gender equality, men and women should discuss together before deciding what contraceptives they will use or or who should use the contraceptive. Contraceptional method which exist today mostly used by women and family planning program participant still dominated by women. On Hinduism perspective, this is not consider as gender inequality in Family Planning implementation, because to examine whether or not an action in family planning suit with gender equality aspect is not limited by the method, but also lies on men & women role in limi the number of children, men & women role on set the child birth spacing period, etc. If men & women work hand in hand on Family Planning Program implementation, family Planning will achieved sucess.<br><br>Family Planning implementation in Indonesia is ethical according to Hinduism view. This is ethical because it has noble goals like : Increasing family’s welfare, reduce maternal & newborn mortality rate, incresing women & children health, reducing poverty, etc. Not only that, but also Family Planning in performance in Indonesia is well monitored & controlled. So, it will prevents the missused of the contraceptional methods.<br><br>Every contraceptional method, wheter it’s permanent or reversible are allowed to use according to Hinduism believe, for man & woman tied up in a legal marriage. If a couple don’t want to have children anymore, they can choose tubectomy or vasectomy for their contracaptive . If a couple wants to have a child someday, they can choose pills, IUD, condoms, or other reversible contrceptive methods. Bacterial Contraception (BaCon), as our team inovative contraceptional method, are allowed to used by people, based on Hinduism believe.It’s allowed to used by people because it solves some problems that people face during Family Palanning Program implemenation, due to it’s effectiveness, reveribility, applicable, minimum side effects, etc. BaCon, as bacterial based contraceptive may have several risk, for humans and the environment. To prevent this, resercher should do cinical test on animal, do clinical test on human with different body charecteristics, and make sure that the product’s system control works properly.<br><br>Last but not least, in the future after this product highly produced, UI iGEM team as an inventor should take part to control BaCon’sdistribution. BaCon should only be used for couples who have legally marriage. To prevent the missused of BaCon, BaCon should not be sold freely and labelled as a drug prescription.<br><br><b>B. Buddha</b><br>Interviwees : Direjawati (Monk at Vihara Lalitavistara, Ancol, Jakarta, Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : http://www.walubi.or.id/wacana/wacana_dw_39.shtml,http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html<br><br>Buddhist brought by Sidharta Gautama on 6 BC. There’re 1.703.254 Buddhists in Indonesia or 0,72% of total population in Indonesia.<br><br>In Buddhism, synthetic biology researches are allowed. Humans are not forbidden to manipulate living creature. As long as it is used for good purposes and should not kill the living beings.<br><br>In Buddhism perspective, Family Planning Program is not a forbidden thing. It’s a goverment program to be implemented by it’s citizen. In Tripitaka (Buddhis Holy Book), there’re no rules about the ideal number of children in a family, it’s family’s own right to decide it, as long as the family can support their children morally and materially. Beside that, a family is allowed to limits the number of their children due to medical and economical reason. Family Planning implementation is allowed in Buddhism because it has some positive impacts like : Trying to prevent their children from crime, Teach them to do good, Provide a good education for their children, Marry off their children with a suitable partner, Give the inheritance to his children at the right time.<br><br>The usage of contraceptional method in Family Planning program is allowed in Buddhis religion. But,contraceptional method which prevents the growth of the fetus in the womb after conception like emergency contraceptive pills, it is not justified in Buddhism, because “Patisandhi Vinnana” (new spirit/soul in Buddhism) has been included in the uterus, including murder and violated the precepts. Wherease, a contraceptive which prevents sperm penetrate the ovum, it is Justified in Buddhism, because “Patisandhi Vinnana” yet in the womb and not break the precepts.<br><br>Based on Buddhism view, Bacterial Contraception (BaCon) as our engineered bacteria based product, may be used because our team engineered the safe bacteria for human for novel purpose and our team doesn’t mean to hurt or kill any living creature. Beside that, our product mechanism is to produce SboA (Spermicidal Protein) to stop the sperm’s movement. So, our product mechanism is prevents sperm penetrate the ovum, that means, our product can be used by Buddhists.<br><br><b>C. Protestant Christianity</b><br>Interviewees : A. Yohanes (Reverend at Gereja Bethel Indonesia (GBI)/Bethel Chruch Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : http://bioethics.gov/sites/default/files/Contributions-of-Christian-Thought-to-Assessments-of-Synthetic-Biology.pdf,http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html<br><br>Protestant Christianity is the second major religion in Indonesia. In Indonesia , there are three provinces whose majority are Protestant , Papua, Maluku and North Sulawesi with 90 % , 91 % , 94 % of the population. Protestant Christianity was first introduced by the Dutch in the 16th century AD the influence of Calvinist and Lutheran teachings.<br><br>Synthetic biology is not forbidden in Protestant Christianity faith, but, the wise use of biosynthetic powers, like all forms of human power, will require other practices beyond rule making, self-regulation, and oversight. For these to be effective and adequate will require also the inculcation and sustenance of certain dispositions, attitudes, and habits of mind: in short, for controls to work will require the intentional formation of character as an indispensable part of scientific education and research mentoring. If we are to take into our hands the capacity to reengineer living things, to synthesize working copies of organisms or novel organisms that will take on life and reproductive capacities of their own, we will need to cultivate prudence as well as technical optimism.<br><br>Christian notions about birth control stem from church teachings rather than scripture (since the Bible says little about contraception). So beliefs about birth control tend to be based on different Christian interpretations of marriage, sex, and family. Contraception was condemned by Christianity as a barrier to God’s procreative purpose of marriage until the start of the 20th century. Protestant theologians became more willing to accept that morality should come from the conscience of each person rather than from outside teachings.<br><br>Many Christians began to consider sex as a gift from God and a positive force that could strengthen the institution of marriage if couples did not feel threatened by the possibility of having children they could not support. The majority of Protestant denominations, theologians, and churches allow contraception and may even promote family planning as an important moral good. As with all issues of Christian morality, it stresses that members use birth control as dictated by their consciences.<br><br>According to that passage, we can conclude that Bacterial Contraception (BaCon) our product inovation, are allowed to use as new contraceptional method, if we analyze through Protestant Christianity faith.<br><br><b>D. Islam</b><br>Interviewees : Dr. Zakky Mubarak (Islamic Religion Lecturer in Universitas Indonesia & Board of Naudahtul Ulama, the biggest Islamic organization in Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html,http://muslimmatters.org/2007/10/27/craig-venter-playing-god/<br><br>Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population in the world , with 85 % of the population are adherents of Islam.Islam plays important role to many aspects of life in Indonesia , including in the development of science and technology.<br><br>Genomic modification of existing life-forms, including bacteria, yeast, soy, mice, and even pigs, has routinely been used by labs all around the world for decades, to answer fundamental questions of biology. With reassurance from various shayookh that it was allowed, as long as there was a sincere intention and purpose to help humanity, and that it would not cause unnecessary harm to any of the creatures under researcher care, God-willing. Their justification came from the Islamic concept that all of Earthly creation has been placed under the stewardship of humankind, from which we are allowed to derive benefit in a responsible manner. So, as the tools and methods used in synthetic biology are not new, the project constitutes a conceptual leap in Biology, rather than a technological one.<br><br>Widespread variation on contraception attitudes can be found in the Islamic faith. Because contraception is not expressly prohibited in the Qur’an, many Muslim scholars approve of family planning. Yet, some also believe that birth control is forbidden as the Qur’an contains the command to “procreate and abound in number.” These scholars argue that only God can decide the number of children that a couple will have.<br><br>Early Sunni Muslim literature discusses various contraceptive methods, and reveals that the practice of azl (withdrawal) is morally acceptable since it was practiced by the prophet Muhammed. Sunni doctrine in favor of contraception suggests that that any contraceptive that does not produce sterility is morally the same as azl and is therefore accepted.<br><br>Despite these varying views, Islam emphasizes that procreation within the family is a religious duty, so there is unanimous rejection of sterilization and abortion. Most Islamic traditions will permit the use of birth control where maternal health is an issue or where the well-being of the family may be compromised. The Islamic faith prioritizes human life, so being able to space out births allows a mother ample time to care for each child. In Shia Islamic countries, contraception is not only taught to married couples, but is encouraged to youngsters as well. Birth control is supported for economic reasons; it helps protect the mother’s life and provide for her children.<br><br>Muslims also believe that contraception helps to preserve the attractiveness of the wife, thereby increasing the enjoyment of the marriage. For Muslim women, family planning is key to their empowerment. The Islamic faith allows a lot of latitude in interpretation, which is reflected by the various differences in family planning policies by distinct Muslim groups and countries.<br><br>Bacterial Contraception (BaCon), is our team synthetic bilogy based contraceptive is allowed to use for women as birth control tool, because it emphasize maternal health, supported for economical reason, and BaCon doesn’t cause permanent sterility, because if someone wants to get pregnant again, all she has to do is just consume xylose contained medicine. Morover, the use of engineered bacteria for contraceptive is allowed in Islamic faith, because it has goal to becomes semi permanent sperm inhibitor/spremicide, so it doesn’t need repetitive usage. After that, our product facilitate people who wants to participate in Family Planning.<br><br><b>E. Confucianism</b><br>Interviewees : Soelyono (Confucianism Lecturer on Universitas Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html<br><br>After Indonesia’s reformation on 1998, Confucian religion is now officially regarded as a religion in Indonesia.<br><br>Same with what states in Buddhism faith, synthetic biology researches are allowed. Humans are not forbidden to manipulate living creature. As long as it is used for good purposes and should not kill the living beings.<br><br>Evidence of contraception goes back thousands of years in China. Chinese religions emphasize the importance of balance and harmony in the individual, the family, and society. Since having too many children can upset this balance, family planning has been a valued part of human sexuality in both Taoism and Confucianism. In the Chinese religions, sex and sexual pleasure are esteemed and celebrated along with the need for moderation.<br><br>Confucians, put more focus on procreation than on the joy and art of sex. Confucians are not as open to birth control as they are more sensitive to any restriction on their God-given right to procreate. However, they still believe that a husband and wife have an obligation to practice family planning.<br><br><b>F. Catholic Christianity</b><br>Literature Source : http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html,http://www.katolisitas.org/1632/tentang-kondom-dan-kb-alamiah,http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01887.x/abstract<br><br>Some religious believers may see synthetic biology as usurping God's creative role. The Catholic Church has yet to issue a formal teaching on the field. The Church's teachings on scientific and biotech research show that it is likely to have a generally positive disposition to synbio, if it and its products can be acceptably safe. Proper evaluation of, and protection against, risk will be a significant factor in determining the morality of the research. If the risks can be minimized through regulation or other means, then the Church is likely to be supportive. The Church will also critique the social and legal environment in which the research is done, evaluating issues such as the patenting of scientific discoveries and of life.<br><br>The Roman Catholic Church forbids sex outside marriage, so its teachings aboutcontraception should be understood within the context of a husband and wife. Catholicism is the only major faith in the Indonesia that forbids the use of contraception. The Church teaches that sex must be both unitive and procreative, so its against all chemicaland barrier methods of birth control and considers them morally unacceptable -- claiming artificial birth control methods impede the procreative aspect of sex, making contraception sinful.<br><br>Natural family planning such as periodic abstinence is the only contraceptive method sanctioned by the Church. The catechism of the Catholic Church claims sex has a twofold purpose: ”the good of the spouses themselves and the transmission of life (2363).” Still, most Catholics disagree with the prohibition of birth control; in fact, surveys find that approximately 90% of sexually active Catholic women of childbearing age use a birth control method forbidden by the church.<br><br><b>Conclusion</b><br><br>Science inovation like synthetic biology development is permitted on every major religion in Indonesia. Almost all major Religion in Indonesia to allow the use of contraceptives on Family Planning program implementation, although the permitted contraceptional methods are different on each religion. Gender equality on Family Planning implementation is highly concerned & valued thing in all religion. Men and women should have equal responsibility to accomplish Family Planning success.Application of synthetic biology for contraceptional method like Bacterial Contraception (BaCon) we made are allowed by most of major religion in Indonesia due to it’s noble goals, effectiveness, and also it reversibility. The use of contraceptional method, including contraceptives mad form engineered bacteria/GMO (BaCon), is allowed in almost all religions. As long as it is used by couples who tied in legal marriage.<br><br>Scientists, Government, Academician, Industries, Practitioners, NGOs, and also society should work together to control and monitor Bacterial Contraception (BaCon) distribution, to prevent some harmful effects that may occur, like : products used by unmaried couple, prostitution, sexual harassement, and even biological weapon for genocide. The Government should make policy about BaCon production & distribution Researchers have to work hard to make ideal kill switch/toggle switch. So, when an outbreak occurs, the engineered bacteria wouldn’t contaminate the environment and endanger humans health.<br><br>Finally, we could say that our product is in accordance with religious norms prevailing in Indonesia , making it feasible to adequate for."; | document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = "”Science and Faith Must Be Friends, for The Same God is Active in Both” –Troy Van Voorhis, MIT Professor-<br><br> Indonesia is neither a liberal nor communist country. Indonesia is not a religion country, but it’s a religious country. Indonesia is very diverse country, people comes from different religion and ethnic background . There’re 6 major religions in Indonesia : Islam, Protestant Chiristianity, Catholic, Hindu, Buddha, and Confucianism.<br><br> As a democratic country which have Pancasila as it’s ideology, religion plays an important role in social life. Other than social life, reigions also takes important part in scientific realm. Some people still think that several scientific researches , especially synthetic biology, still make a debate between the society. Some people who agree with synthetic biology research think that synhetic biology can bring some benefit for human life. But, thoose who are argued with synthetic biology develompment says that synthetic biology research seems like ‘Playing God’ because researchers can enginereed every organism to create a new one in accordance with their wishes.<br><br> We realize that our team is not a Messiah, Mahdi, Maitreya, Krishna, etc.who promise to solves the whole problem with our synthetic biology inovation. But, our team wants our synthetic biology based product can be accepted by the entire society.We did some religious investigation of our product through 6 major religions in Indonesia. So, we can analyze whether or not our product (Bacterial Contraception a ka BaCon) in accordance with the ethical and moral aspect of these religions. We use literature studies & interviews with religious leaders to analyze this aspect.<br><br><b>A. Hindu</b><br>Interviewees : Prof. Dr. I Made Kartika Dhiputra, Dipl. Ing. (Mechanical Engineering Professor, Leader of Hindu Dharma Organisation on Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia & High Priest of Hindu Temple in Halim, Jakarta, Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : Sanata Dharma Magazine<br><br>As the oldest religion in Indonesia, Hindu becoming major religion in few provinces in Indonesia like Bali. 80% people in Bali are Hindu and it becoming important part of people’s daily life.<br><br>In hinduism, scientific research especially synthetic biology experiment that we do, is allowed, as long as it has good benefits and is not misused. Before synthetic biology based product released, researchers should do clinical test to make sure that the product works and safe. Hinduism agreed if the scientists or researchers do animal testing to test synthetic biology based product like our Bacterial Contraception (BaCon), to obtain accurate test result and reduce the danger that may occur if the product test conduct on humans. If the product test conducted on humans, it should be done in accordance with existing regulations by considering the ethical aspect.<br><br>Since ancient time, people of Hinduism have practice Family Planning. One of the Family Planning implementation that have been done by Hindus people is : In Bali, Indonesia, there’s family planning regulation implemented hereditary. This regulation form is limits the number of children in one family. The highest number of chldren who maybe owned by one family is 4. The maximum number of children in one family represents by Balinese-Hindu name : Putu (1st child), Made/Ni Nengah (2nd child), Nyoman (3rd child), and Ketut (4th child). Beside that, there’s a myth that adhered to the community, if there’s family with children more than 4, the familiy neighbor can’t bear any child at all. Because people believe this myth and have tolerance and compassion towards their neighbors, they still run the Family Planning program in order to create a harmonious social life. In addition, people perform Family Planning program that nutrition, moral, education, financial needs of their children are fullfilled(Improves child quality) and a family become prosperous. If these aspects are achieved, the children will become “Suputra”, in Hindu, a “Suputra” is a good, polite, smart, and strong child who can brings happiness to his/her parents.<br><br>In the Hindu religion, gender equality is highly valued. Men and women have equal footing and complementary roles. In Hindu, When a girl was a child she called “Putri” that equal to a boy called “Putra”. When she gets married, she will called “Ibu” that have equal role with adult men called “Ayah’. When a women grow old, she called “Devi” which means a wise crone that same with wise old men called“Deva”. This Hindu philosophy about men & women shown that men and women are equal and must be honored. On Family Planning implementation, gender equality plays important role. To obtain gender equality, men and women should discuss together before deciding what contraceptives they will use or or who should use the contraceptive. Contraceptional method which exist today mostly used by women and family planning program participant still dominated by women. On Hinduism perspective, this is not consider as gender inequality in Family Planning implementation, because to examine whether or not an action in family planning suit with gender equality aspect is not limited by the method, but also lies on men & women role in limi the number of children, men & women role on set the child birth spacing period, etc. If men & women work hand in hand on Family Planning Program implementation, family Planning will achieved sucess.<br><br>Family Planning implementation in Indonesia is ethical according to Hinduism view. This is ethical because it has noble goals like : Increasing family’s welfare, reduce maternal & newborn mortality rate, incresing women & children health, reducing poverty, etc. Not only that, but also Family Planning in performance in Indonesia is well monitored & controlled. So, it will prevents the missused of the contraceptional methods.<br><br>Every contraceptional method, wheter it’s permanent or reversible are allowed to use according to Hinduism believe, for man & woman tied up in a legal marriage. If a couple don’t want to have children anymore, they can choose tubectomy or vasectomy for their contracaptive . If a couple wants to have a child someday, they can choose pills, IUD, condoms, or other reversible contrceptive methods. Bacterial Contraception (BaCon), as our team inovative contraceptional method, are allowed to used by people, based on Hinduism believe.It’s allowed to used by people because it solves some problems that people face during Family Palanning Program implemenation, due to it’s effectiveness, reveribility, applicable, minimum side effects, etc. BaCon, as bacterial based contraceptive may have several risk, for humans and the environment. To prevent this, resercher should do cinical test on animal, do clinical test on human with different body charecteristics, and make sure that the product’s system control works properly.<br><br>Last but not least, in the future after this product highly produced, UI iGEM team as an inventor should take part to control BaCon’sdistribution. BaCon should only be used for couples who have legally marriage. To prevent the missused of BaCon, BaCon should not be sold freely and labelled as a drug prescription.<br><br><b>B. Buddha</b><br>Interviwees : Direjawati (Monk at Vihara Lalitavistara, Ancol, Jakarta, Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : http://www.walubi.or.id/wacana/wacana_dw_39.shtml,http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html<br><br>Buddhist brought by Sidharta Gautama on 6 BC. There’re 1.703.254 Buddhists in Indonesia or 0,72% of total population in Indonesia.<br><br>In Buddhism, synthetic biology researches are allowed. Humans are not forbidden to manipulate living creature. As long as it is used for good purposes and should not kill the living beings.<br><br>In Buddhism perspective, Family Planning Program is not a forbidden thing. It’s a goverment program to be implemented by it’s citizen. In Tripitaka (Buddhis Holy Book), there’re no rules about the ideal number of children in a family, it’s family’s own right to decide it, as long as the family can support their children morally and materially. Beside that, a family is allowed to limits the number of their children due to medical and economical reason. Family Planning implementation is allowed in Buddhism because it has some positive impacts like : Trying to prevent their children from crime, Teach them to do good, Provide a good education for their children, Marry off their children with a suitable partner, Give the inheritance to his children at the right time.<br><br>The usage of contraceptional method in Family Planning program is allowed in Buddhis religion. But,contraceptional method which prevents the growth of the fetus in the womb after conception like emergency contraceptive pills, it is not justified in Buddhism, because “Patisandhi Vinnana” (new spirit/soul in Buddhism) has been included in the uterus, including murder and violated the precepts. Wherease, a contraceptive which prevents sperm penetrate the ovum, it is Justified in Buddhism, because “Patisandhi Vinnana” yet in the womb and not break the precepts.<br><br>Based on Buddhism view, Bacterial Contraception (BaCon) as our engineered bacteria based product, may be used because our team engineered the safe bacteria for human for novel purpose and our team doesn’t mean to hurt or kill any living creature. Beside that, our product mechanism is to produce SboA (Spermicidal Protein) to stop the sperm’s movement. So, our product mechanism is prevents sperm penetrate the ovum, that means, our product can be used by Buddhists.<br><br><b>C. Protestant Christianity</b><br>Interviewees : A. Yohanes (Reverend at Gereja Bethel Indonesia (GBI)/Bethel Chruch Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : http://bioethics.gov/sites/default/files/Contributions-of-Christian-Thought-to-Assessments-of-Synthetic-Biology.pdf,http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html<br><br>Protestant Christianity is the second major religion in Indonesia. In Indonesia , there are three provinces whose majority are Protestant , Papua, Maluku and North Sulawesi with 90 % , 91 % , 94 % of the population. Protestant Christianity was first introduced by the Dutch in the 16th century AD the influence of Calvinist and Lutheran teachings.<br><br>Synthetic biology is not forbidden in Protestant Christianity faith, but, the wise use of biosynthetic powers, like all forms of human power, will require other practices beyond rule making, self-regulation, and oversight. For these to be effective and adequate will require also the inculcation and sustenance of certain dispositions, attitudes, and habits of mind: in short, for controls to work will require the intentional formation of character as an indispensable part of scientific education and research mentoring. If we are to take into our hands the capacity to reengineer living things, to synthesize working copies of organisms or novel organisms that will take on life and reproductive capacities of their own, we will need to cultivate prudence as well as technical optimism.<br><br>Christian notions about birth control stem from church teachings rather than scripture (since the Bible says little about contraception). So beliefs about birth control tend to be based on different Christian interpretations of marriage, sex, and family. Contraception was condemned by Christianity as a barrier to God’s procreative purpose of marriage until the start of the 20th century. Protestant theologians became more willing to accept that morality should come from the conscience of each person rather than from outside teachings.<br><br>Many Christians began to consider sex as a gift from God and a positive force that could strengthen the institution of marriage if couples did not feel threatened by the possibility of having children they could not support. The majority of Protestant denominations, theologians, and churches allow contraception and may even promote family planning as an important moral good. As with all issues of Christian morality, it stresses that members use birth control as dictated by their consciences.<br><br>According to that passage, we can conclude that Bacterial Contraception (BaCon) our product inovation, are allowed to use as new contraceptional method, if we analyze through Protestant Christianity faith.<br><br><b>D. Islam</b><br>Interviewees : Dr. Zakky Mubarak (Islamic Religion Lecturer in Universitas Indonesia & Board of Naudahtul Ulama, the biggest Islamic organization in Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html,http://muslimmatters.org/2007/10/27/craig-venter-playing-god/<br><br>Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population in the world , with 85 % of the population are adherents of Islam.Islam plays important role to many aspects of life in Indonesia , including in the development of science and technology.<br><br>Genomic modification of existing life-forms, including bacteria, yeast, soy, mice, and even pigs, has routinely been used by labs all around the world for decades, to answer fundamental questions of biology. With reassurance from various shayookh that it was allowed, as long as there was a sincere intention and purpose to help humanity, and that it would not cause unnecessary harm to any of the creatures under researcher care, God-willing. Their justification came from the Islamic concept that all of Earthly creation has been placed under the stewardship of humankind, from which we are allowed to derive benefit in a responsible manner. So, as the tools and methods used in synthetic biology are not new, the project constitutes a conceptual leap in Biology, rather than a technological one.<br><br>Widespread variation on contraception attitudes can be found in the Islamic faith. Because contraception is not expressly prohibited in the Qur’an, many Muslim scholars approve of family planning. Yet, some also believe that birth control is forbidden as the Qur’an contains the command to “procreate and abound in number.” These scholars argue that only God can decide the number of children that a couple will have.<br><br>Early Sunni Muslim literature discusses various contraceptive methods, and reveals that the practice of azl (withdrawal) is morally acceptable since it was practiced by the prophet Muhammed. Sunni doctrine in favor of contraception suggests that that any contraceptive that does not produce sterility is morally the same as azl and is therefore accepted.<br><br>Despite these varying views, Islam emphasizes that procreation within the family is a religious duty, so there is unanimous rejection of sterilization and abortion. Most Islamic traditions will permit the use of birth control where maternal health is an issue or where the well-being of the family may be compromised. The Islamic faith prioritizes human life, so being able to space out births allows a mother ample time to care for each child. In Shia Islamic countries, contraception is not only taught to married couples, but is encouraged to youngsters as well. Birth control is supported for economic reasons; it helps protect the mother’s life and provide for her children.<br><br>Muslims also believe that contraception helps to preserve the attractiveness of the wife, thereby increasing the enjoyment of the marriage. For Muslim women, family planning is key to their empowerment. The Islamic faith allows a lot of latitude in interpretation, which is reflected by the various differences in family planning policies by distinct Muslim groups and countries.<br><br>Bacterial Contraception (BaCon), is our team synthetic bilogy based contraceptive is allowed to use for women as birth control tool, because it emphasize maternal health, supported for economical reason, and BaCon doesn’t cause permanent sterility, because if someone wants to get pregnant again, all she has to do is just consume xylose contained medicine. Morover, the use of engineered bacteria for contraceptive is allowed in Islamic faith, because it has goal to becomes semi permanent sperm inhibitor/spremicide, so it doesn’t need repetitive usage. After that, our product facilitate people who wants to participate in Family Planning.<br><br><b>E. Confucianism</b><br>Interviewees : Soelyono (Confucianism Lecturer on Universitas Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html<br><br>After Indonesia’s reformation on 1998, Confucian religion is now officially regarded as a religion in Indonesia.<br><br>Same with what states in Buddhism faith, synthetic biology researches are allowed. Humans are not forbidden to manipulate living creature. As long as it is used for good purposes and should not kill the living beings.<br><br>Evidence of contraception goes back thousands of years in China. Chinese religions emphasize the importance of balance and harmony in the individual, the family, and society. Since having too many children can upset this balance, family planning has been a valued part of human sexuality in both Taoism and Confucianism. In the Chinese religions, sex and sexual pleasure are esteemed and celebrated along with the need for moderation.<br><br>Confucians, put more focus on procreation than on the joy and art of sex. Confucians are not as open to birth control as they are more sensitive to any restriction on their God-given right to procreate. However, they still believe that a husband and wife have an obligation to practice family planning.<br><br><b>F. Catholic Christianity</b><br>Literature Source : http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html,http://www.katolisitas.org/1632/tentang-kondom-dan-kb-alamiah,http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01887.x/abstract<br><br>Some religious believers may see synthetic biology as usurping God's creative role. The Catholic Church has yet to issue a formal teaching on the field. The Church's teachings on scientific and biotech research show that it is likely to have a generally positive disposition to synbio, if it and its products can be acceptably safe. Proper evaluation of, and protection against, risk will be a significant factor in determining the morality of the research. If the risks can be minimized through regulation or other means, then the Church is likely to be supportive. The Church will also critique the social and legal environment in which the research is done, evaluating issues such as the patenting of scientific discoveries and of life.<br><br>The Roman Catholic Church forbids sex outside marriage, so its teachings aboutcontraception should be understood within the context of a husband and wife. Catholicism is the only major faith in the Indonesia that forbids the use of contraception. The Church teaches that sex must be both unitive and procreative, so its against all chemicaland barrier methods of birth control and considers them morally unacceptable -- claiming artificial birth control methods impede the procreative aspect of sex, making contraception sinful.<br><br>Natural family planning such as periodic abstinence is the only contraceptive method sanctioned by the Church. The catechism of the Catholic Church claims sex has a twofold purpose: ”the good of the spouses themselves and the transmission of life (2363).” Still, most Catholics disagree with the prohibition of birth control; in fact, surveys find that approximately 90% of sexually active Catholic women of childbearing age use a birth control method forbidden by the church.<br><br><b>Conclusion</b><br><br>Science inovation like synthetic biology development is permitted on every major religion in Indonesia. Almost all major Religion in Indonesia to allow the use of contraceptives on Family Planning program implementation, although the permitted contraceptional methods are different on each religion. Gender equality on Family Planning implementation is highly concerned & valued thing in all religion. Men and women should have equal responsibility to accomplish Family Planning success.Application of synthetic biology for contraceptional method like Bacterial Contraception (BaCon) we made are allowed by most of major religion in Indonesia due to it’s noble goals, effectiveness, and also it reversibility. The use of contraceptional method, including contraceptives mad form engineered bacteria/GMO (BaCon), is allowed in almost all religions. As long as it is used by couples who tied in legal marriage.<br><br>Scientists, Government, Academician, Industries, Practitioners, NGOs, and also society should work together to control and monitor Bacterial Contraception (BaCon) distribution, to prevent some harmful effects that may occur, like : products used by unmaried couple, prostitution, sexual harassement, and even biological weapon for genocide. The Government should make policy about BaCon production & distribution Researchers have to work hard to make ideal kill switch/toggle switch. So, when an outbreak occurs, the engineered bacteria wouldn’t contaminate the environment and endanger humans health.<br><br>Finally, we could say that our product is in accordance with religious norms prevailing in Indonesia , making it feasible to adequate for."; | ||
} | } | ||
function biosecurity() { | function biosecurity() { | ||
| + | document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = "Biosecurity"; | ||
| + | document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = "In our project, many of people ask us about “how if your product use by irresponssible people who use it for threatening purpose?” that question trigerring us that our product could have biosecurity issue in the future if we don’t do an assessment to prevent it. Furthermore, we try to make a resolution to overcome and the idea that we purpose are:<br><br><b>Patent</b><br>We choose to use patent protectionin the future because this give us a right to determine who allowed to use the product in such a certain time (based on Indonesia Constitution number 14, 2001) we want that the user who allowed to use our product is:<br>a. Clinician<br>b. Pharmacist<br>c. Scientist<br>d. Midwife <br>But, we do know that patent is not permanent, which that mean we could lose mandatory to our product. The solution that we could provide is to advocate government a protection to restricted sell the contraception freely for the safety issue."; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | function bw() { | ||
| + | document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = "Biological Weapon"; | ||
| + | document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = "History Of Biological Weapon Regulation, as State on Chemical Weapon Convention | ||
| + | Protocol Prohibition of the Use Shorthern Breathing Gas, Poisonous Gas or other Gases in war, and of the methods of War by Using Bacteria), which signed on June 7, 1925, hereinafter referred to as the Geneva Protocol of 1925. Geneva Protocol prohibiting the use in war of gases that lead to shortness of breath and poisonous liquid, objects or similar equipment, and also prohibits the use of bacteria in methods of warfare. Although 1925 Geneva Protocol prohibiting the use of biological weapons and chemical weapons, but does not prohibit development, production, stockpiling or spread, so too did not set mechanisms and handling procedures in the event of a breach.<br>Because of the weaknesses of the Geneva Protocol of 1925, as well as start increasing awareness to the danger of weapons of mass destruction by this. the international community continues to pursue the achievement of a total ban on chemical weapons. At lahun 1948, the UN Commission on Conventional Weapons set chemical weapons and germ weapons as weapons of mass destruction. In 1966 passed a resolution Resolution of the UN General Assembly as the first request that negotiations be held for the ban chemical weapons and germ weapons.<br>The achievement of the Convention on the Prohibition of Biological Weapons seen as the first step for the possibility ofthe achievement of a comprehensive ban on chemical weapons Along with the growing success of the industrymodem chemistry in many countries, the number of countries that have the potential to have chemical weapons has increased sharply.<br>In 1980 the Conference on Disarmament that implement its sessions in Geneva started negotiate a convention on the prohibition of chemical weapons. However, the progress of completion The new convention is achieved within a decade later, after reached kesepakatankesepakatan principles concerning sensitive issues relating to the implementation vcrifikasi convention. Completion of the convention is also supported by the advancement of bilateral negotiations between the two superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States. In 1989 the two countries can even reach one bilateral agreements for the elimination of most of their chemical weapons stockpiles.<br>Regulation About Biological Weapon in Indonesia<br>Indonesia has legislation prohibiting the production, distribition, and, use of biological weapon. This have been stated on : LAWS OF THE REPUBLIC INDONESIANUMBER 6 IN 1998ABOUTRATIFICATION OF THE CONVENTION Of the Prohibition ON THE DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION, stockpilingAND USE OF CHEMICAL AND ON THEIR DESTRUCTION Weapons. Considering:that according to the Preamble to the Constitution of 1945, the policy of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia on disarmament aims to participate in the establishment of order, security, and peace of the world, among others, by freeing the world from the threats of disasters that may result from the existence and use of weapons of mass destruction, ie nuclear, biological, and chemical. <br>Could Our Project Becoming Biological Weapon ?<br>Our project has purpose to create a bacteria with contraceptive effect. This project’s purpose Triggering Fears . Some people who are worried much, think that or project similar with sterile virus in fictional novel, Inferno or Chimera ! But, society don’t have to worried too much because we use Bacillus substilis, a bacteria with level 1 biosafety scale (the lowest level). We also conduct research based on the prevail safety protocol. Then, we also design a toggle switch, to kill the engineered bacteria, when they spread outside the vagina. | ||
| + | "; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | function fta() { | ||
document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = "Biosecurity"; | document.getElementById("judul").innerHTML = "Biosecurity"; | ||
document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = "In our project, many of people ask us about “how if your product use by irresponssible people who use it for threatening purpose?” that question trigerring us that our product could have biosecurity issue in the future if we don’t do an assessment to prevent it. Furthermore, we try to make a resolution to overcome and the idea that we purpose are:<br><br><b>Patent</b><br>We choose to use patent protectionin the future because this give us a right to determine who allowed to use the product in such a certain time (based on Indonesia Constitution number 14, 2001) we want that the user who allowed to use our product is:<br>a. Clinician<br>b. Pharmacist<br>c. Scientist<br>d. Midwife <br>But, we do know that patent is not permanent, which that mean we could lose mandatory to our product. The solution that we could provide is to advocate government a protection to restricted sell the contraception freely for the safety issue."; | document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = "In our project, many of people ask us about “how if your product use by irresponssible people who use it for threatening purpose?” that question trigerring us that our product could have biosecurity issue in the future if we don’t do an assessment to prevent it. Furthermore, we try to make a resolution to overcome and the idea that we purpose are:<br><br><b>Patent</b><br>We choose to use patent protectionin the future because this give us a right to determine who allowed to use the product in such a certain time (based on Indonesia Constitution number 14, 2001) we want that the user who allowed to use our product is:<br>a. Clinician<br>b. Pharmacist<br>c. Scientist<br>d. Midwife <br>But, we do know that patent is not permanent, which that mean we could lose mandatory to our product. The solution that we could provide is to advocate government a protection to restricted sell the contraception freely for the safety issue."; | ||
Latest revision as of 20:22, 18 September 2015
End User Consideration Of Bacterial Contraception (BaCon)
A. Society View Toward the Existing Contraceptive and Bacterial Contraception (BaCon)
• About 55% respondents feel neutral with their current contraceptives
• Altough some of them feel neutral on their current contraceptives, They still find some disadvantages in their current contraceptive. 3 major disadvantages are : Inconvenient, Troublesome & Ineffectivity
.....See More:Click Here To Download The Full Document (It Will Open In New Window)
