Difference between revisions of "Team:LZU-China/Practices"

 
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           <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:LZU-China/chz index">Main</a>
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           <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:LZU-China/chz_index">Main</a>
 
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           <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:LZU-China/chz_project">Project</a>
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           <a href="#">HumanPractice</a>
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           <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:LZU-China/Parts">Parts</a>
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          <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:LZU-China/Practices">Human Practices</a>
 
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           <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:LZU-China/chz_team">Team</a>
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           <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:LZU-China/chz_safety">Safety</a>
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           <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:LZU-China/chz_notes">Notes</a>
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           <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:LZU-China/chz_collaborations">Collaboration</a>
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         <h1 class="header center teal-text text-lighten-2">Human Practice</h1>
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           <h5 class="header col s12 light">Water pollution investigation</h5>
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     <div class="parallax"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/9/9d/LZU-China-2015-hp.png
 
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                  <p>Aiming at the difference between China and western countries, we designed two kinds of questionnaires which is basically similar <a href="http://www.sojump.com/jq/5551955.aspx">(Chinese)</a>;<a href="https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/KG7GDZZ">(English).</a>Totally we acquired 141 questionnaires in which 81 of them is from China and 60 from other countries. </p>
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                  <p>During the research, we try to let the respondents estimate the heavy metal pollution level in their hometown without providing them any statistics of it. Then after recycling enough data, we compared and analyzed the consequence of questionnaires and the statistics we collected.</p>
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        <li class="tab col s3"><a class="active" href="#attri">Survey</a></li>
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        <li class="tab col s3"><a href="#studen">Public education</a></li>
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        <li class="tab col s3"><a href="#advis">Meet up</a></li>
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      </ul>
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<div id="attri" class="col s12">
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<div class="container">
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<h3 class="center-align">Survey</h3>
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<p><h4 class="center-align">Our nightmare</h4></p>
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<p>Last year, Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu Province, China, suffered from serious tap water pollution caused by benzene leaking into the drinking water source. Although it happened in April, 2014, citizens in Lanzhou are still in the dark about the safety of their drinking water. If you look at the whole world, it is easy for you to find that the whole world is in a nightmare of water pollution. Water pollution accounts for 80% of all infectious diseases reported by WHO. World-wide around 1.1 billion people lack access to improved water sources. There is no doubt that millions of people care about the water quality and are eager to know whether their water is safe and available.</p>
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<p><h4 class="center-align">Our human practice</h4></p>
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<p>
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Last year we designed a novel microbial fuel cell (MFC) system and were able to detect the concentration of PNP (p-nitrophenol) in aqueous solution. So this year we decided to create a convenient and low-cost device to detect some contaminants in water such as heavy metal ions. At the beginning of our program, we carried out our human practice both in China and abroad as we needed to know the present situations and people’s attitudes to water pollution all over the world.
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</p>
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<p>
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Human practice in China consists of questionnaires and public education. Outside China, we did the Internet survey by Twitter, microblog, WeChat and other approaches and got many useful data from 9 countries.
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</p>
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<p><h4 class="center-align">Questionnaires</h4></p>
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<p>Aiming at the difference between China and western countries, we designed two kinds of questionnaires including a Chinese questionnaire and an English questionnaire, which is basically similar (<a href="http://www.sojump.com/jq/5551955.aspx">Chinese questionnaire</a> , <a href="https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/KG7GDZZ">English questionnaire</a> ). We totally acquired 369 questionnaire responses.</p>
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 +
<p>
 +
  The survey in China was carried out both online and offline. We used an online survey website and collected 148 effective questionnaires. We also got 136 effective paper questionnaires in Lanzhou city. As to the English questionnaire, we put it on the surveymonkey website and promoted it by Twitter, WeChat and other media to get more data. Finally, we recycled 85 effective questionnaires from 6 different countries (Australia, Canada, USA, Japan, Portugal, Singapore) located in four continents. All of these countries belong to developed country.
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</p>
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<p>
 +
  We drew some interesting conclusions from all of the 369 questionnaires.
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</p>
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<p>
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  During the research, we tried to let the respondents estimate the heavy metal pollution level in the earth and choose some countries and places suffering from severe heavy metals contamination without providing them with any statistics. After collecting enough data, we compared and analyzed the questionnaire statistics we collected.
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</p>
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              <div class="card-image">
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                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/d/d6/Lzu_china_2015_Fig_1.jpg
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                <p>Fig 1  A map we painted based on the statistics of the questionnaires. The white spots on the map represent those places that are considered to be suffering heavy metal pollution in water.</p>
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              </div>
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            </div>
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 +
  <p>
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    Obviously, from the public perspective, severe heavy metal pollution usually occurs in industrial areas and comparable prosperous cities in the developing countries. Without a doubt, it is very easy to understand that the environment is sacrificed to get economic growth.
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  </p>
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  <p>
 +
    In fact, for most countries, when it comes to their growth from ‘developing’ to ‘developed’, with multiple factors including population growth, industry accumulation, imperfect industrial techniques along with climates and geography of their own, actually do have more and more severe heavy metal pollution.
 +
  </p>
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  <br/>
 +
  <p>
 +
    We did the similar analysis of China according to data from Chinese questionnaires as well.
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  </p>
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              <div class="card-image">
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            " class="responsive-img"/>
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                <p>Fig 2  A map of China river basin and the red spots represent those places that are considered to be suffering heavy metal water pollution.</p>
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              </div>
 +
            </div>
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          </div>
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    <p>
 +
      According to the Chinese residents, whatever the pollutant is, pollution seems always concentrate at the middle and downstream of a river. At the same time, the industrial center of China lies at the downstream of the Yangtze River and Yellow River, so these areas are believed to be the worst-hit by heavy metal pollution. However, taking the Yangtze River as an example, there are several polluted areas in the upstream which are in the same severe situation as the downstream.
 +
    </p>
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                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/17/Lzu_china_2015_Fig_3.jpg
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            " class="responsive-img"/>
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                <p>Fig 3 Serious heavy metal pollution in water considered by respondents.</p>
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              </div>
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 +
          </div>
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      </div>
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        <p>
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          The data of this graph comes from our Chinese questionnaire as well. Most people regard mercury, lead, copper and chromium as the most serious heavy metal pollution. On the one hand, it may be an objective reflection of present situation in China. On the other hand, reports from different media in recent years might contribute to the variation of the data, because the reports about mercury , lead, copper and chromium contaminants were in the majority, which corresponds to our graph. But we still need to do some professional statistics when it comes to how serious it is about the heavy metal water pollution in China.
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        </p>
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        <br/>
 +
        <p>
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          What’s more, the analysis of our questionnaire survey around the world verified the necessity of our idea and project.
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        </p>
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        <p><h6 class="center-align">Table 1 The statistics of questionnaire</h6></p>
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                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/d/d1/Lzu_china_2015_Table_1.png
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            " class="responsive-img"/>
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              <div class="card-content">
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                <p>Fig 3 Serious heavy metal pollution in water considered by respondents.<br/>(There are totally 8 choice questions.)</p>
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              </div>
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 +
          </div>
 +
        </div>
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        <p>There are three main conclusions </p>
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 +
        <p>
 +
          1.  Water pollution is serious and of concern: More than 45% respondents both in China and western countries think they are contaminants in the local water and over 68% of them care about the water pollution. These results shows that it is high time to detect and treat the heavy metal pollution in water. And that is the goal and meaning of our project.
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                <img class="left-align" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/67/Lzu_china_2015_Fig_4a.png" class="responsive-img">                
 
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                   <p>This is a map we painted based on the statistics of the questionnaires. The dark green spot on the map represent those places in which people think have suffered a heavy metal pollution.</p>
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                   <p>Fig 4A</p>
 
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                  <p>It is obviously that, from the public perspective, severe heavy metal pollution usually occurs in industrial area and the comparable prosperous cities in the developing countries. Without doubting, that’s very easy to understand that they sacrifice the environment to get the economic growth.</p>
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                  <br/>
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                  <p>Most of the countries, when it comes to its growth from ‘developing’ to ‘developed’, with the multifactor of its population growth, industry accumulating, imperfect technique and the climate and geography of its own, it does have more and severe heavy metal pollution.</p>
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                   <p>This is a river basin of China and the spot is based on Chinese questionnaires.</p>
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                   <p>Fig 4B</p>
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                  <p>Fig 4C</p>
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                  <a href="#">This is a link</a>
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                  <p>Fig 4D</p>
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                  <a href="#">This is a link</a>
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              </div>
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        </div></p>
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            <p>2.Chemical detection and Biological detection are known by more people than physical methods. </p>
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                  <span class="card-title"></span>
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                </div>
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                <div class="card-content">
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                  <p>Fig 5a</p>
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                  <a href="#">This is a link</a>
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                  <p>Fig 5b</p>
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                  <a href="#">This is a link</a>
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        </div></p>
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              <p>Most people have heard of chemical detection, while more people are aware of biological detection in several developed countries outside China, which indicated with the development of society, people prefer convenient, environment friendly and cheap biological detection.</p>
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              </br>
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              <p>3. Although most people agree with using modified microbes to treat contamination, they are unsure how they can be used. With so many people, over 70% of the respondents, accepting biological treatment of heavy metal pollution in water, it is possible for us to promote our device to the public. Meanwhile, since there are still many who don’t know about biological treatment, it is a rather important thing for us to spread related knowledge about modified microbes for pollution treatment.</p>
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      <div class="container">
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      <h3 class="center-align">Public Education</h3>
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        <div class="col s12">
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              <p>We also devised some interesting and educational activities. We showed our ideas about our detecting system ‘micro holmes’ to the public and handed out some booklets to help them know more about water health. There is no doubt that the highlight of our public education is field experimentation, which attracted a lot of people. The live demonstration experiment is easy but useful and interesting, and is a novel approach to public education in iGEM.
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              </p>
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 +
              <p>Here are more details about our public education.</p>
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              <p>On the first day of the May Day holiday, a sea of people visited the zoo. Our team, LZU-China, seized this opportunity to do our human practice, informing people of basic facts about water, which helps the citizens develop a healthy habit of using water. By the way, we also spread some information about how to detect pollutants in water and the basic knowledge of Microbial Fuel Cell.</p>
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              <p>1.Live demonstration experiment</p>
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              <div class="row">
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            <p> <div class="col s12 m6 l6">
 +
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 +
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 +
                <img class="left-align" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/82/Lzu_china_2015_Picture_1-1.jpeg" class="responsive-img">                 
 +
                  <span class="card-title"></span>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <div class="card-content">
 +
                </div>
 +
                <!--<div class="card-action">
 +
                  <a href="#">This is a link</a>
 +
                </div>-->
 +
              </div>
 +
              </div>
 +
 
 +
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 +
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 +
                <div class="card-image">
 +
                  <img class="right-align" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/7/7f/Lzu_china_2015_Picture_1-2.jpeg" class="responsive-img">
 +
                  <span class="card-title"></span>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <div class="card-content">
 +
 
 +
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 +
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 +
                  <a href="#">This is a link</a>
 +
                </div>-->
 +
              </div>
 +
             
 +
        </div></p>
 +
    </div>
 +
    <p><h6 class="center-align">Picture 1  The live demonstration experiment.</h6></p>
 +
              <p>The live demonstration experiment was the most wonderful key link. It attracted lots of passersby especially kids. There were so many children and even adults who wanted to have a try to experience the glamour of science, particularly the experiment of a colorimetric method to measure the concentration of the iron ion. The live demonstration experiment achieved a great result that whoever joined in it highly praised our activity.</p>
 +
              </br>
 +
              <p>2.Propaganda and survey</p>
 +
              <p>We handed out many leaflets about water health to visitors and collected some information from interviews. We also presented our project to those who are interesting in it.</p>
 +
        <div class="container">
 +
        <div class="col s12">
 +
            <div class="col s12 m8 l 8">
 +
                <div class="card">
 +
                <div class="card-image">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/9/9a/Lzu_china_2015_Picture_2-1.jpeg" >
 +
                  <span class="card-title"></span>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <div class="card-content">
 +
                  <p>Picture 2  In the above photo, one of our teammates is surveying members of the public about their expectation of our project.</p>
 
                 </div>
 
                 </div>
 
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               </div>
 
           </div>
 
           </div>
−
                  <p>According to the Chinese residence, whatever the pollutant is, pollution seems always concentrate at the middle and downstream. And at the same time, the industrial center of China is at the downstream of Yangtze River and Yellow River so these places become the harder-hit area of heavy metal pollution.</p>
+
          </div>
−
                  <p>However, take Yangtze River as an example, there are several polluted area in the upstream which are the same severe situation as the downstream.</p>
+
−
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/5/55/Humanpractice-example-3.png" >
+
  
−
                  <!--P3-P4-->
 
  
−
                  <p>The data of this graph comes from our Chinese questionnaire as well. The reports from different medium recent years might contribute to the variation of the data, because the reports about mercury and chromium contaminants were in the majority, which corresponds with our graph. But when it comes to how serious it is about the heavy metal water pollution in China.</p>
+
          <div class="row">
−
                  <p>Excepting those data that can be used in the map, other statistic results about some questions seem to reflect the different attitude to water quality between Chinese and western people.</p>
+
            <p> <div class="col s12 m6 l6">
−
                  <br/>
+
                <div class="card">
−
                  <h6><p><strong>Q1: Is there any water heavy metals contamination on local?</strong></p></h6>
+
                <div class="card-image">
−
                  <p>A. No                          14.81%；63.64%</p>
+
                <img class="left-align" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/c4/Lzu_china_2015_Picture_2-2.jpeg" class="responsive-img">
−
                  <p>B. Yes, but not very serious          65.43%；27.27%</p>
+
                   <span class="card-title"></span>
−
                  <p>C. Yes, very bad                  19.75%；9.09%</p>
+
                </div>
−
                  <br/>
+
                <div class="card-content">
−
                  <p>Compared with the European who thought they live with clean water, most of Chinese considered their life have suffered from heavy metal pollution more or less.</p>
+
                   <p>A Chinese version booklet about water pollution and water health.</p>
−
                  <br/>
+
                </div>
−
                  <h6><p><strong>Q2: Do you concentrate about the water contamination?</strong></p></h6>
+
                <!--<div class="card-action">
−
                  <p>A. No                                20.99%；27.27%</p>
+
                   <a href="#">This is a link</a>
−
                   <p>B. Yes, but slightly                  49.38%；27.17%</p>
+
                </div>-->
−
                  <p>C. Yes, extremely                  29.63%；45.45%</p>
+
              </div>  
−
                  <br/>
+
              </div>
−
                  <h6><p><strong>Q3: Do you think the tap-water in your house is contaminated by heavy metals?</strong></p></h6>
+
−
                   <p>A. No                                17.28%；72.73%</p>
+
−
                  <p>B. Not sure                          71.6%；27.27%</p>
+
−
                  <p>C. Yes                                11.11%；0.00%</p>
+
−
                  <br/>
+
−
                  <p>European have more faith towards their tap water.</p>
+
−
                  <br/>
+
−
                  <h6><p><strong>Q4: Do you facilitate water purifier at home?</strong></p></h6>
+
−
                  <p>A. Yes                            32.1%；45.45%</p>
+
−
                  <p>B. No                            67.9%；54.55%</p>
+
−
                  <br/>
+
−
                  <p>Most of the Chinese and European don’t have water clarifier, but there is an interesting phenomenon that people in Europe where is considered has a better water quality are more proper to own a water clarifier.</p>
+
−
                  <br/>
+
−
                  <h6><p><strong>Q5: Do you know any methods as following of detecting heavy metal contamination?</strong></p></h6>
+
−
                  <p>A. Chemical detection              90.12%；60.00%</p>
+
−
                  <p>B. Biological detection              56.79%；70.00%</p>
+
−
                  <p>C. Physical detection              41.98%；50.00%</p>
+
−
                  <br/>
+
−
                  <P>Physical detection methods of heavy metal pollution in water bodies are clearly less than the other two kinds of detection methods, such as biological or chemical. In chemical and biological detection of these two types of methods, Chinese people are aware of the basic chemical method, while European is more biased in favor of biological detection method, but their understanding of chemical detection method is not much lower than the biological detection method.</P>
+
−
                  <br/>
+
−
                  <h6><p><strong>Q6: Do you think the present approaches that detect heavy metals are complicated?</strong></p></h6>
+
−
                  <p>A. Yes                          75.31%；46.15%</p>
+
−
                  <p>B. No                          24.69%；53.85%</p>
+
−
                  <h6><p><strong>Q7: Do you think the present approaches that detect heavy metals are high-cost?</strong></p></h6>
+
−
                   <p>A. Yes                          83.95%；61.54%</p>
+
−
                  <p>B. No                          16.05%；38.46%</p>
+
−
                  <br/>
+
−
                  <p>For water quality testing, the general evaluation of Chinese is complicated and high cost. European think the testing method is more realistic, after all, if want to have an accurate judgment towards the quality of the water situation, time and material costs are indispensable.</p>
+
−
                  <br/>
+
−
                  <h6><p><strong>Q8: How do you think the genetically modified microbes using for restoring water heavy metals contamination?</strong></p></h6>
+
−
                  <p>A. Very promising, and know of it                32.1%；18.18%</p>
+
−
                  <p>B. Very promising, but don’t know about it        46.91%；45.45%</p>
+
−
                  <p>C. Have no idea                              20.99%；36.36%</p>
+
  
−
                   <br/>
+
              <div class="col s12 m6 l6">
−
                   <p>Data from the simple shows that people around the world have a good impression of biological testing method, but the majority don’t know too much about this detection method. To raise public concentration of biological water quality testing, we need more public propaganda.</p>
+
                <div class="card">
 +
                <div class="card-image">
 +
                   <img class="right-align" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/68/Lzu_china_2015_Picture_2-3.jpeg" class="responsive-img">
 +
                  <span class="card-title"></span>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <div class="card-content">
 +
                   <p>An English version poster about our project.</p>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <!--<div class="card-action">
 +
                  <a href="#">This is a link</a>
 +
                </div>-->
 +
              </div>
 +
        </div></p>
 +
    </div>
 +
          <div class="container">
 +
          <div class="col s12">
 +
            <div class="col s12 m8 l 8">
 +
                <div class="card">
 +
                <div class="card-image">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/c0/Lzu_china_2015_Picture_3.jpeg" >
 +
                  <span class="card-title"></span>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <div class="card-content">
 +
                  <p>Picture 3  A team photo at the public education activity.</p>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <!--<div class="card-action">
 +
                  <a href="#">This is a link</a>
 +
                </div>-->
 +
              </div>
 +
              </div>
 +
          </div>
 +
          </div>
  
−
                  <!--P3-P4-->
 
  
 +
          <p>Through this activity, we not only hoped to help citizens establish a proper awareness towards water protection but also the way they use water. So more people can get away from water pollution and use water safely. It was also our honor that so many visitors thought highly of our program and this public education. </p>
 +
          <p>All of the human practice encouraged us go further.</p>
  
 +
      </div>
 +
      </div>
 +
      </div>
  
 +
     
 +
    <div id="advis" class="col s12">
 +
      <div class="container">
 +
    <div class="row">
 +
    <h5 class="center-align">A Meetup With Several Universities In Japan</h5>
 +
    <h6 class="right-align"> July 14<sup>th</sup>-22<sup>th</sup>,2015</h6>
 +
    </div>
  
 +
    <div class="container">
 +
    <div class="col s12">
 +
              <div class="col s12 m4 l 4">
 +
                <div class="card">
 +
                <div class="card-image">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/ca/LZU-China-2015-Practices-meet-up-1.png" >
 +
                  <span class="card-title"></span>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <div class="card-content">
 +
                  <p>The first station: Hokkaido University</p>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <!--<div class="card-action">
 +
                  <a href="#">This is a link</a>
 +
                </div>-->
 +
              </div>
 +
              </div>
 +
          </div>
 +
          </div>
 +
         
 +
    <p>We went to Hokkaido University on July 15<sup>th</sup>, professor Yamazaki gave us a warm welcome. The next evening, both two universities’ students gave presentations, after that, we had a delightful dinner together. We also changed lots of ideas.</p>
 +
   
 +
    <div class="container">
 +
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 +
              <div class="col s12 m4 l 4">
 +
                <div class="card">
 +
                <div class="card-image">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/89/LZU-China-2015-Practices-meet-up-2.jpg" >
 +
                  <span class="card-title"></span>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <div class="card-content">
 +
                  <p>The second station: Kanagawa Institute of Technology</p>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <!--<div class="card-action">
 +
                  <a href="#">This is a link</a>
 +
                </div>-->
 +
              </div>
 +
              </div>
 +
          </div>
 +
          </div>
 +
   
 +
    <p>After communication with Hokkaido University, we left for Tokyo. In Kanagawa Institute of Technology, we have showed our presentation of our iGEM item to their undergraduates, and the picture shows our discussion between their students and us after our presentation.</p>
  
  
−
</div>
+
    <div class="container">
−
</div>
+
    <div class="col s12">
−
<div class="col s0 m2 l2">&nbsp;</div>
+
              <div class="col s12 m4 l 4">
 +
                <div class="card">
 +
                <div class="card-image">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/thumb/e/eb/LZU-China-2015-Practices-meet-up-3.jpg/799px-LZU-China-2015-Practices-meet-up-3.jpg" >
 +
                  <span class="card-title"></span>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <div class="card-content">
 +
                  <p>The third station: Tokyo Institute of Technology</p>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <!--<div class="card-action">
 +
                  <a href="#">This is a link</a>
 +
                </div>-->
 +
              </div>
 +
              </div>
 +
          </div>
 +
          </div>
 +
 
 +
    <p>On July 18th we arrived at Tokyo Institute of Technology. The girl in black dress in the picture in their university can speak four kinds of languages, including Chinese. So, she represented their classmates changed their iGEM ideas with us. We were all surprised by their unique and original ideas.</p>
 +
 
 +
<div class="container">
 +
<div class="col s12">
 +
              <div class="col s12 m4 l 4">
 +
                <div class="card">
 +
                <div class="card-image">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/thumb/0/06/LZU-China-2015-Practices-meet-up-4.jpg/799px-LZU-China-2015-Practices-meet-up-4.jpg" >
 +
                  <span class="card-title"></span>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <div class="card-content">
 +
                  <p>The forth station: Tokyo University</p>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <!--<div class="card-action">
 +
                  <a href="#">This is a link</a>
 +
                </div>-->
 +
              </div>
 +
              </div>
 +
          </div>
 +
          </div>
 +
    <p>This picture was taken in their graduate school. The temperature in Tokyo was pretty high so our bean big sweat flowing downwards.</p>
 +
    <p>The professor who comes from China in their university brought us to their laboratory.</p>
 +
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
 +
  <div id="advis" class="col s12">
 +
      <div class="container">
 +
    <div class="row">
 +
    <h5 class="center-align">Join in the conference of China iGEMer’s committee</h5>
 +
    </div>
  
 +
    <div class="container">
 +
    <div class="col s12">
 +
              <div class="col s12 m4 l 4">
 +
                <div class="card">
 +
                <div class="card-image">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/thumb/6/6f/LZU-China-2015-meet-up-1.JPG/800px-LZU-China-2015-meet-up-1.JPG" >
 +
                  <span class="card-title"></span>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <div class="card-content">
 +
                  <p>In the conference of China iGEMer’s committee, we presented our project to the iGEMers all over the China. At the end of the committee, we took a photo in front our poster.</p>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <!--<div class="card-action">
 +
                  <a href="#">This is a link</a>
 +
                </div>-->
 +
              </div>
 +
              </div>
 +
          </div>
 +
          </div>
 +
         
 +
   
 +
   
 +
    <div class="container">
 +
    <div class="col s12">
 +
              <div class="col s12 m4 l 4">
 +
                <div class="card">
 +
                <div class="card-image">
 +
                  <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/thumb/0/09/LZU-China-2015-meet-up-2.JPG/800px-LZU-China-2015-meet-up-2.JPG" >
 +
                  <span class="card-title"></span>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <div class="card-content">
 +
                  <p>Puxin Wang was doing a presentation about the process of LZU-iGEM in Life Science College at Peiking University</p>
 +
                </div>
 +
                <!--<div class="card-action">
 +
                  <a href="#">This is a link</a>
 +
                </div>-->
 +
              </div>
 +
              </div>
 +
          </div>
 +
          </div>
 +
    <div class="container">
 +
    <div class="col s12">
 +
              <div class="col s12 m4 l 4">
 +
                <div class="card">
 +
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                  <p>Meet up with SKLBC-China</p>
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    <p>We went to the Sun Yat-sen University in August and learned a lot of useful experience from the team SKLBC-China. These experiences helped us a lot during our collaboration with Shiyan_SY_China.</p>
  
  
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Latest revision as of 02:44, 19 September 2015

Team:LZU 2015



Human Practices



Unsplashed background img 2

Survey

Our nightmare

Last year, Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu Province, China, suffered from serious tap water pollution caused by benzene leaking into the drinking water source. Although it happened in April, 2014, citizens in Lanzhou are still in the dark about the safety of their drinking water. If you look at the whole world, it is easy for you to find that the whole world is in a nightmare of water pollution. Water pollution accounts for 80% of all infectious diseases reported by WHO. World-wide around 1.1 billion people lack access to improved water sources. There is no doubt that millions of people care about the water quality and are eager to know whether their water is safe and available.


Our human practice

Last year we designed a novel microbial fuel cell (MFC) system and were able to detect the concentration of PNP (p-nitrophenol) in aqueous solution. So this year we decided to create a convenient and low-cost device to detect some contaminants in water such as heavy metal ions. At the beginning of our program, we carried out our human practice both in China and abroad as we needed to know the present situations and people’s attitudes to water pollution all over the world.

Human practice in China consists of questionnaires and public education. Outside China, we did the Internet survey by Twitter, microblog, WeChat and other approaches and got many useful data from 9 countries.

Questionnaires

Aiming at the difference between China and western countries, we designed two kinds of questionnaires including a Chinese questionnaire and an English questionnaire, which is basically similar (Chinese questionnaire , English questionnaire ). We totally acquired 369 questionnaire responses.

The survey in China was carried out both online and offline. We used an online survey website and collected 148 effective questionnaires. We also got 136 effective paper questionnaires in Lanzhou city. As to the English questionnaire, we put it on the surveymonkey website and promoted it by Twitter, WeChat and other media to get more data. Finally, we recycled 85 effective questionnaires from 6 different countries (Australia, Canada, USA, Japan, Portugal, Singapore) located in four continents. All of these countries belong to developed country.

We drew some interesting conclusions from all of the 369 questionnaires.

During the research, we tried to let the respondents estimate the heavy metal pollution level in the earth and choose some countries and places suffering from severe heavy metals contamination without providing them with any statistics. After collecting enough data, we compared and analyzed the questionnaire statistics we collected.

Fig 1 A map we painted based on the statistics of the questionnaires. The white spots on the map represent those places that are considered to be suffering heavy metal pollution in water.

Obviously, from the public perspective, severe heavy metal pollution usually occurs in industrial areas and comparable prosperous cities in the developing countries. Without a doubt, it is very easy to understand that the environment is sacrificed to get economic growth.

In fact, for most countries, when it comes to their growth from ‘developing’ to ‘developed’, with multiple factors including population growth, industry accumulation, imperfect industrial techniques along with climates and geography of their own, actually do have more and more severe heavy metal pollution.


We did the similar analysis of China according to data from Chinese questionnaires as well.

Fig 2 A map of China river basin and the red spots represent those places that are considered to be suffering heavy metal water pollution.

According to the Chinese residents, whatever the pollutant is, pollution seems always concentrate at the middle and downstream of a river. At the same time, the industrial center of China lies at the downstream of the Yangtze River and Yellow River, so these areas are believed to be the worst-hit by heavy metal pollution. However, taking the Yangtze River as an example, there are several polluted areas in the upstream which are in the same severe situation as the downstream.

Fig 3 Serious heavy metal pollution in water considered by respondents.

The data of this graph comes from our Chinese questionnaire as well. Most people regard mercury, lead, copper and chromium as the most serious heavy metal pollution. On the one hand, it may be an objective reflection of present situation in China. On the other hand, reports from different media in recent years might contribute to the variation of the data, because the reports about mercury , lead, copper and chromium contaminants were in the majority, which corresponds to our graph. But we still need to do some professional statistics when it comes to how serious it is about the heavy metal water pollution in China.


What’s more, the analysis of our questionnaire survey around the world verified the necessity of our idea and project.

Table 1 The statistics of questionnaire

Fig 3 Serious heavy metal pollution in water considered by respondents.
(There are totally 8 choice questions.)

There are three main conclusions

1. Water pollution is serious and of concern: More than 45% respondents both in China and western countries think they are contaminants in the local water and over 68% of them care about the water pollution. These results shows that it is high time to detect and treat the heavy metal pollution in water. And that is the goal and meaning of our project.

Fig 4A

Fig 4B

Fig 4C

Fig 4D

2.Chemical detection and Biological detection are known by more people than physical methods.

Fig 5a

Fig 5b

Most people have heard of chemical detection, while more people are aware of biological detection in several developed countries outside China, which indicated with the development of society, people prefer convenient, environment friendly and cheap biological detection.


3. Although most people agree with using modified microbes to treat contamination, they are unsure how they can be used. With so many people, over 70% of the respondents, accepting biological treatment of heavy metal pollution in water, it is possible for us to promote our device to the public. Meanwhile, since there are still many who don’t know about biological treatment, it is a rather important thing for us to spread related knowledge about modified microbes for pollution treatment.


Public Education

We also devised some interesting and educational activities. We showed our ideas about our detecting system ‘micro holmes’ to the public and handed out some booklets to help them know more about water health. There is no doubt that the highlight of our public education is field experimentation, which attracted a lot of people. The live demonstration experiment is easy but useful and interesting, and is a novel approach to public education in iGEM.

Here are more details about our public education.

On the first day of the May Day holiday, a sea of people visited the zoo. Our team, LZU-China, seized this opportunity to do our human practice, informing people of basic facts about water, which helps the citizens develop a healthy habit of using water. By the way, we also spread some information about how to detect pollutants in water and the basic knowledge of Microbial Fuel Cell.

1.Live demonstration experiment

Picture 1 The live demonstration experiment.

The live demonstration experiment was the most wonderful key link. It attracted lots of passersby especially kids. There were so many children and even adults who wanted to have a try to experience the glamour of science, particularly the experiment of a colorimetric method to measure the concentration of the iron ion. The live demonstration experiment achieved a great result that whoever joined in it highly praised our activity.


2.Propaganda and survey

We handed out many leaflets about water health to visitors and collected some information from interviews. We also presented our project to those who are interesting in it.

Picture 2 In the above photo, one of our teammates is surveying members of the public about their expectation of our project.

A Chinese version booklet about water pollution and water health.

An English version poster about our project.

Picture 3 A team photo at the public education activity.

Through this activity, we not only hoped to help citizens establish a proper awareness towards water protection but also the way they use water. So more people can get away from water pollution and use water safely. It was also our honor that so many visitors thought highly of our program and this public education.

All of the human practice encouraged us go further.

A Meetup With Several Universities In Japan
July 14th-22th,2015

The first station: Hokkaido University

We went to Hokkaido University on July 15th, professor Yamazaki gave us a warm welcome. The next evening, both two universities’ students gave presentations, after that, we had a delightful dinner together. We also changed lots of ideas.

The second station: Kanagawa Institute of Technology

After communication with Hokkaido University, we left for Tokyo. In Kanagawa Institute of Technology, we have showed our presentation of our iGEM item to their undergraduates, and the picture shows our discussion between their students and us after our presentation.

The third station: Tokyo Institute of Technology

On July 18th we arrived at Tokyo Institute of Technology. The girl in black dress in the picture in their university can speak four kinds of languages, including Chinese. So, she represented their classmates changed their iGEM ideas with us. We were all surprised by their unique and original ideas.

The forth station: Tokyo University

This picture was taken in their graduate school. The temperature in Tokyo was pretty high so our bean big sweat flowing downwards.

The professor who comes from China in their university brought us to their laboratory.

Join in the conference of China iGEMer’s committee

In the conference of China iGEMer’s committee, we presented our project to the iGEMers all over the China. At the end of the committee, we took a photo in front our poster.

Puxin Wang was doing a presentation about the process of LZU-iGEM in Life Science College at Peiking University

Meet up with SKLBC-China

We went to the Sun Yat-sen University in August and learned a lot of useful experience from the team SKLBC-China. These experiences helped us a lot during our collaboration with Shiyan_SY_China.