Difference between revisions of "Team:UNC-Chapel Hill"

 
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<li id="Link0" class="SlideLink">Background</li><li id="Link1" class="SlideLink">Problem</li><li id="Link2" class="SlideLink">Tools</li><li id="Link3" class="SlideLink">Inspiration</li><li id="Link4" class="SlideLink">Solution</li><li id="Link5" class="SlideLink">Impact</li>
 
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<h3 style="color:#56A0D3;">Diabetes Mellitus</h3>
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<p>Diabetes mellitus is prevalent throughout the world especially in the United States and Mexico. Current methods of treatments have largely remained the same. Patients prick their fingers to draw blood in order for a device to report their blood glucose levels. After the device gives them that information, they administer the appropriate amount of insulin to themselves. There has yet to be a unified system for the sensing of blood glucose levels and insulin administration. As a solution, we propose the following:</p>
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<p style="color:#56A0D3;">The UNC Chapel Hill team has devised a protein controlled system in which E coli detects high glucose levels in its environment, and in response release one of two proteins, insulin or glucagon-like peptide-1 <br><font color="black">(Find out more at our <a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:UNC-Chapel_Hill/Project#background">project page</a>)</font> </p>
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<h3 style="color:#56A0D3;">Background</h3>
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<p>
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Type 1 diabetes affects the production of insulin in the body, requiring continual monitoring of blood glucose levels in order to prevent the worsening of symptoms, which in many cases lead to death. With the development of solutions to produce supplemental insulin emerging, the production of insulin is no longer problematic in developed countries. However, glucose monitoring is and continues to be a source of financial trouble for many people with Type 1 diabetes. The current method for measuring blood sugar levels in diabetics utilizes a blood sugar monitor and expensive testing strips. The most basic can cost at least of $30.00 and test strips $1.38 each (One Touch Ultra)<sup>1</sup>, and when taken into account that diabetics must test their blood at least five times a day with these non reusable strips, the glucose monitoring equipment can cost at a minimum $2500 a year. In addition, insulin costs may be much higher, creating an even bigger burden.
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<h3 style="color:#56A0D3;">Motivation and Example System</h3>
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<p>Through the development of a novel glucose sensing system in which glucose-responsive promoters drive the expression of three reporter chromoproteins, it will allow for the quantization of glucose concentration based on fluorescence emitted by the cell. With each chromoprotein linked to a different promoter with unique glucose sensitivities, each wavelength will correspond to a specific concentration of glucose. In conjunction with preexisting parts, we designed four novel glucose-sensitive promoters and tested their ability to drive expression of reporter chromoproteins at various concentrations.
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<h3 style="color:#56A0D3;">Originality and Improvement</h3>
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While glucose sensitive reporter systems are not a new to concept to iGEM, our novel three-color system revolutionizes the creation of sensing systems. This would solve the qualitative characterization flaw inherent in the current one-color systems, especially those utilizing chromoproteins. Our sensor has cut sites before and after each promoter, allowing the interchange of various promoters depending on what the user wants to measure. This customization allows for the three-color system to be applied into other fields where sensitive measurement is of vital importance.
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<h3 style="color:#56A0D3;">Why did we choose this project?</h3>
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<h3 style="color:#56A0D3;">Project Aim</h3>
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<p>In the National Diabetes Statistics Report of 2014 released by the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion it was reported that 29.1 million Americans (9.3% of the US population) have diabetes mellitus. The cost both direct and indirect of diabetes treatment is estimated to be 245 billion dollars, and the disease remains the 7th leading cause of premature death in the United States. With the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the US population the 2014 UNC Chapel Hill iGEM team as part of a University that prides itself in serving "North Carolina, the United States, and the world through teaching, research, and public service" felt an obligation to address this problem</p>
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<p>In order to turn our three-color glucose sensor into a more viable solution, more characterization of the system will be necessary. This will allow for better identification of concentrations based on the fluorescence. While our project’s intended application was the detection of glucose concentrations, we believe its greatest utility is in its versatility towards other sensing systems. By changing out the promoters, it will allow for the cell to become sensitive to other chemicals and be used to calculate concentration.
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<h3 style="color:#56A0D3;">References</h3>
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<p>1. "Diabetic Test Strips : Home Diagnostic Tests - Walmart.com." Walmart.com. Walmart, n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2015. <br />
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2. Nazario, Brunilda. "Normal Blood Sugar Levels Chart for Adults." WebMD. WebMD, 23 Oct. 2014. Web. 20 Apr. 2015. <br />
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3. http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K118011 <br />
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4. http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K861171
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<h3 style="color:#56A0D3 text-align:center">Special thanks to all of our sponsers!</h3>
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Latest revision as of 03:01, 19 September 2015


Background

Type 1 diabetes affects the production of insulin in the body, requiring continual monitoring of blood glucose levels in order to prevent the worsening of symptoms, which in many cases lead to death. With the development of solutions to produce supplemental insulin emerging, the production of insulin is no longer problematic in developed countries. However, glucose monitoring is and continues to be a source of financial trouble for many people with Type 1 diabetes. The current method for measuring blood sugar levels in diabetics utilizes a blood sugar monitor and expensive testing strips. The most basic can cost at least of $30.00 and test strips $1.38 each (One Touch Ultra)1, and when taken into account that diabetics must test their blood at least five times a day with these non reusable strips, the glucose monitoring equipment can cost at a minimum $2500 a year. In addition, insulin costs may be much higher, creating an even bigger burden.

Motivation and Example System

Through the development of a novel glucose sensing system in which glucose-responsive promoters drive the expression of three reporter chromoproteins, it will allow for the quantization of glucose concentration based on fluorescence emitted by the cell. With each chromoprotein linked to a different promoter with unique glucose sensitivities, each wavelength will correspond to a specific concentration of glucose. In conjunction with preexisting parts, we designed four novel glucose-sensitive promoters and tested their ability to drive expression of reporter chromoproteins at various concentrations.

Originality and Improvement

While glucose sensitive reporter systems are not a new to concept to iGEM, our novel three-color system revolutionizes the creation of sensing systems. This would solve the qualitative characterization flaw inherent in the current one-color systems, especially those utilizing chromoproteins. Our sensor has cut sites before and after each promoter, allowing the interchange of various promoters depending on what the user wants to measure. This customization allows for the three-color system to be applied into other fields where sensitive measurement is of vital importance.

Project Aim

In order to turn our three-color glucose sensor into a more viable solution, more characterization of the system will be necessary. This will allow for better identification of concentrations based on the fluorescence. While our project’s intended application was the detection of glucose concentrations, we believe its greatest utility is in its versatility towards other sensing systems. By changing out the promoters, it will allow for the cell to become sensitive to other chemicals and be used to calculate concentration.

References

1. "Diabetic Test Strips : Home Diagnostic Tests - Walmart.com." Walmart.com. Walmart, n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.
2. Nazario, Brunilda. "Normal Blood Sugar Levels Chart for Adults." WebMD. WebMD, 23 Oct. 2014. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.
3. http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K118011
4. http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K861171

Special thanks to all of our sponsers!