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| | <img alt="Project overview" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/9/9b/UchileOpenBio_Pro_browse.png" usemap="#overview" /> | | <img alt="Project overview" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/9/9b/UchileOpenBio_Pro_browse.png" usemap="#overview" /> |
| | <map name="overview"> | | <map name="overview"> |
| − | <area shape="circle" coords="120,178,101" alt="Overview" href="#background" /> | + | <area shape="circle" coords="150,265,80" alt="Overview" href="#background" /> |
| − | <area shape="circle" coords="79,400,80" alt="Specifics goals" href="#specific_goals" /> | + | <area shape="circle" coords="260,80,60" alt="Specifics goals" href="#main_goals" /> |
| − | <area shape="circle" coords="255,348,75" alt="Main goal" href="#main_goal" /> | + | <area shape="circle" coords="95,70,60" alt="Main goal" href="#main_goal" /> |
| − | <area shape="circle" coords="347,197,78" alt="Background" href="#background" /> | + | <area shape="circle" coords="360,190,60" alt="Background" href="#background" /> |
| − | <area shape="circle" coords="509,92,94" alt="Experiment" href="#" /> | + | <area shape="circle" coords="480,265,80" alt="Experiment" href="#lactadora" /> |
| − | <area shape="circle" coords="404,460,87" alt="Lactate production and regulation system" href="#" /> | + | <area shape="circle" coords="485,445,80" alt="Lactate production and regulation system" href="#lactadora" /> |
| − | <area shape="circle" coords="580,398,83" alt="Safety system" href="#" /> | + | <area shape="circle" coords="720,400,80" alt="Safety system" href="#safety" /> |
| − | <area shape="circle" coords="708,239,85" alt="PLA production and exportation system" href="#" /> | + | <area shape="circle" coords="695,100,80" alt="PLA production and exportation system" href="#PLA" /> |
| − | <area shape="circle" coords="879,173,91" alt="Results" href="#" /> | + | <area shape="circle" coords="870,265,80" alt="Results" href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:UChile-OpenBio/Results" /> |
| | </map> | | </map> |
| | </section> | | </section> |
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| | <div class="half"> | | <div class="half"> |
| | <p><br>For many years our society has wanted to have a comfortable life. It has invented and produced a lot of things that allow this comfort [1]. For example, in a typical day we can observe the use of plastic glasses for coffee, plastic bottles for water, disposable cutlery for lunching, plastic bags for supermarket and so others. </p> | | <p><br>For many years our society has wanted to have a comfortable life. It has invented and produced a lot of things that allow this comfort [1]. For example, in a typical day we can observe the use of plastic glasses for coffee, plastic bottles for water, disposable cutlery for lunching, plastic bags for supermarket and so others. </p> |
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| | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/80/UChile_OpenBio_Textorotado.png" align=bottom width=480 height=130> | | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/80/UChile_OpenBio_Textorotado.png" align=bottom width=480 height=130> |
| | + | <p><br>Each year, about 300 million tons of plastics are manufactured and between 5 to 13 million tons of it ends up in the ocean [3], which are responsible for the death of 1,5 million of marine animals alla around the world [4].</p> |
| | </div> | | </div> |
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| | <section> | | <section> |
| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/68/UChile_OpenBio_background.png" align=top width=1100 height=230> | + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/6d/UCH_OPENBIO_BACKGRAUND_2.png" align=top width=1100 height=230> |
| | </section> | | </section> |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | | + | </article> |
| | <!-------LINEA DE SEPARACION--> | | <!-------LINEA DE SEPARACION--> |
| | | | |
| | <article> | | <article> |
| | <div class="division"> | | <div class="division"> |
| − | | + | |
| − | <h1>Titulo 1</h1> | + | |
| − | | + | |
| | | | |
| − | <div class="division">
| + | |
| − | <div class="half">
| + | |
| | | | |
| | <!-------COLUMNA 1--> | | <!-------COLUMNA 1--> |
| | <p>Fossil plastic contamination is not a new issue and several ways to reduce it have been explored. For example, in Chile, the government has generated a proposal of law to forbid using supermarket plastic bags made of polyethylene, polypropylene and other artificial polymers which are non-biodegradable, which was accepted in the Patagonian territory last year [7]. On the other hand, recycling seems to be a great action, but is not a really viable solution, knowing that only up to the 30% of plastic produced is actually reused [8]. </p> | | <p>Fossil plastic contamination is not a new issue and several ways to reduce it have been explored. For example, in Chile, the government has generated a proposal of law to forbid using supermarket plastic bags made of polyethylene, polypropylene and other artificial polymers which are non-biodegradable, which was accepted in the Patagonian territory last year [7]. On the other hand, recycling seems to be a great action, but is not a really viable solution, knowing that only up to the 30% of plastic produced is actually reused [8]. </p> |
| − | </div> | + | |
| − | <div class="half last">
| + | |
| − |
| + | <!-------COLUMNA 2--> |
| − | <!-------COLUMNA 2--> | + | |
| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/c5/UChile_OpenBio_BOLSABASURA.png" align=right>
| + | |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | <div class="half last"> | + | |
| | + | <div class="division"> |
| | + | <div class="half"> |
| | + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/c5/UChile_OpenBio_BOLSABASURA.png" align=middle> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div class="half last"> |
| | + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/a/ad/UChile_OpenBio_PLACOST.png" align=middle> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | <!-------COLUMNA 2--> | | <!-------COLUMNA 2--> |
| | <p>A more sustainable initiative is to produce, from renewable resources, biodegradable plastics, due to their short degradation time, for example it can be up to two years in the case of PolyLactic Acid (PLA) which physical properties are very similar to the classic plastic ones [9]. Nevertheless, the current synthesis, essentially driven by chemical reactions, is quite expensive since the process requires complex experimental conditions, for instance the absence of any trace of water, rising production costs [2]. Besides, we estimated that today the cost production of biodegradable plastics is about 12-times higher than fossil plastics cost production [10-11] and according to Yale iGEM Team (2013) one gram of pure PLA costs around US$90. Moreover it is mostly manufactured from corn, a principal human food source [12], and it is necessary near 2,7 kilograms of corn to make 1 kilogram of PLA, requiring the use of many chemicals which are environmentally unfriendly [13]. </p> | | <p>A more sustainable initiative is to produce, from renewable resources, biodegradable plastics, due to their short degradation time, for example it can be up to two years in the case of PolyLactic Acid (PLA) which physical properties are very similar to the classic plastic ones [9]. Nevertheless, the current synthesis, essentially driven by chemical reactions, is quite expensive since the process requires complex experimental conditions, for instance the absence of any trace of water, rising production costs [2]. Besides, we estimated that today the cost production of biodegradable plastics is about 12-times higher than fossil plastics cost production [10-11] and according to Yale iGEM Team (2013) one gram of pure PLA costs around US$90. Moreover it is mostly manufactured from corn, a principal human food source [12], and it is necessary near 2,7 kilograms of corn to make 1 kilogram of PLA, requiring the use of many chemicals which are environmentally unfriendly [13]. </p> |
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| | <div class="division"> | | <div class="division"> |
| | <div class="half"> | | <div class="half"> |
| − |
| + | |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | <!-------COLUMNA 1--> | | <!-------COLUMNA 1--> |
| | <p>Although several scientific studies already began to produce PLA using genetically modified bacteria [17], the main difficulty resides in finding a way to export the bioplastic chains outside the cell [18]. For example, large scale production of PHB, a type of PHA, is not wide-spread mainly due to the extraction of PHB is a difficult and expensive challenge. For this reason, some studies have achieved secretion of PHB in E. coli using a synthetic biological engineering approach to try to reduce downstream processing costs [19]. </p> | | <p>Although several scientific studies already began to produce PLA using genetically modified bacteria [17], the main difficulty resides in finding a way to export the bioplastic chains outside the cell [18]. For example, large scale production of PHB, a type of PHA, is not wide-spread mainly due to the extraction of PHB is a difficult and expensive challenge. For this reason, some studies have achieved secretion of PHB in E. coli using a synthetic biological engineering approach to try to reduce downstream processing costs [19]. </p> |
| − |
| |
| − | <p>Also, some studied have been taking advantage of brown macroalgae, engineering metabolic pathways to degrade its principal sugars: alginate (30-60%) [20], to obtain YYY. Macroalgae are already cultivated in several countries, yielding 15 million metric tons per year to be use it like feedstock for production of biofuels and renewable commodity chemical compounds, requiring no arable land, fertilizer or fresh water resources [21]. </p>
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| | </div> | | </div> |
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| | </div> | | </div> |
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| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/4/4f/UChile_EsquemacicloPLA_2.png" align=middle> | + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/a/ac/Uchile-Openbio_Texto.png" align=middle> |
| | | | |
| | </article> | | </article> |
| | | | |
| | + | <section id="main_goal"> |
| | | | |
| | <article> | | <article> |
| | <div class="division"> | | <div class="division"> |
| | | | |
| − | <h1 alignt="center">Main Goal</h1> | + | <h1 align="center">Main Goal</h1> |
| − | <!-------COLUMNA 1-->
| + | |
| | <p aling="center">For the iGEM competition, the team aims to engineer a biological system, enabling it to degrade glucose in order to produce and export into the medium a biodegradable plastic called PLA.</p> | | <p aling="center">For the iGEM competition, the team aims to engineer a biological system, enabling it to degrade glucose in order to produce and export into the medium a biodegradable plastic called PLA.</p> |
| | | | |
| | + | <table> |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td><h1 align="center">Goal 1: Lactadora</h1></td> |
| | + | <td><p> </p></td> |
| | + | <td><h1 align="center">Goal 2: PLAdora</h1></td> |
| | + | <td><p> </p></td> |
| | + | <td><h1 align="center">Goal 3: Arabinita</h1></td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td><p>Designing and implementing a self-regulated lactate production system which will allow to control the lactate production by pH-sensing: the higher lactate concentration, the lower the pH, which induces a negative control in the first population of E.coli, stopping the production of lactate and by the way, of PLA</p></td> |
| | + | |
| | + | <td><p> </p></td> |
| | + | <td><p>Designing and implementing a PLA production and exportation system which will allow blue bacteria to send the biological PLA outside the cells, into the medium. This way, the purification of the bioplastic would be easier.</p></td> |
| | + | |
| | + | <td><p> </p></td> |
| | + | <td><p>Designing and implementng a safety system, which will consists in making arabinose-dependent the cell survival. If the medium contains arabinose, bacteria will grow up, but if bacteria escape from their medium, the cells will produce a toxin which will kill them. This way, we will ensure the safety of the persons working in the laboratory and of the environment.</p></td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | | | |
| − | <div class="one_thrid">
| + | </table> |
| − | <h1 align="center">Goal 1: Lactadora</h1><br>
| + | |
| − | <p>Designing and implementing a self-regulated lactate production system which will allow to control the lactate production by pH-sensing: the higher lactate concentration, the lower the pH, which induces a negative control in the first population of E.coli, stopping the production of lactate and by the way, of PLA.</p>
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <div class="one_thrid">
| |
| − | <!-------COLUMNA 2-->
| |
| − | <h1 align="center">Goal 2: PLAdora</h1><br>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <p>Designing and implementing a PLA production and exportation system which will allow blue bacteria to send the biological PLA outside the cells, into the medium. This way, the purification of the bioplastic would be easier.</p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <div class="one_third_last">
| |
| − | <!-------COLUMNA 3-->
| |
| − | <h1 align="center">Goal 3: Arabinita</h1><br>
| |
| − | <p>Designing and implementng a safety system, which will consists in making arabinose-dependent the cell survival. If the medium contains arabinose, bacteria will grow up, but if bacteria escape from their medium, the cells will produce a toxin which will kill them. This way, we will ensure the safety of the persons working in the laboratory and of the environment.</p>
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| | </article> | | </article> |
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| | <!-------COLUMNA 1--> | | <!-------COLUMNA 1--> |
| | <br> | | <br> |
| − | <p>[1] El Banco Mundial, 2014. Una bolsa de plástico para asfixiar el mar. [online] <http://www.bancomundial.org/es/news/feature/2014/12/08/bolsa-de-plastico-asfixiar-planeta> [consulted: 14-07-2015] | + | <table> |
| − | <br>[2] Garlotta, 2002. A Literature Review of PolyLactic Acid. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, Vol. 9, No. 2. | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[1]</td> |
| | + | <td>El Banco Mundial, 2014. Una bolsa de plástico para asfixiar el mar. [online] <http://www.bancomundial.org/es/news/feature/2014/12/08/bolsa-de-plastico-asfixiar-planeta> [consulted: 14-07-2015]</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[2]</td> |
| | + | <td>Garlotta, 2002. A Literature Review of PolyLactic Acid. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, Vol. 9, No. 2.</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[3] </td> |
| | + | <td> Alla Katsnelson. News Feature: Microplastics present pollution puzzle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2015) vol. 112 no. 18, p5547-5549</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[4] </td> |
| | + | <td> El Tiempo, 2014. Plásticos matan al año 1,5 millones de animales marinos. [online] <http://www.eltiempo.com/estilo-de-vida/ciencia/muerte-de-animales-por-plasticos-lanzados-al-mar/14710998> [consulted: 14-07-2015]</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[5] </td> |
| | + | <td>La Tercera, 2015. Cristina Espinoza. Hasta 25 mil toneladas de plástico anuales se arrojan al mar desde Chile. [online] <http://www.latercera.com/noticia/tendencias/2015/05/659-627978-9-hasta-25-mil-toneladas-de-plasticos-anuales-se-arrojan-al-mar-desde-chile.shtml> [consulted: 14-07-2015] </td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[6] </td> |
| | + | <td> 5 Gyres. [online] <http://www.5gyres.org/the-plastic-problem> [consulted: 13-09-2015]</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[7] </td> |
| | + | <td> Chilean Senate, 2014. [online] <http://www.senado.cl/prohibicion-de-bolsas-plasticas-en-la-patagonia-votaran-idea-de-legislar/prontus_senado/2014-10-23/122842.html> [consulted: 14-07-2015]</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[8] </td> |
| | + | <td> PlasticsEurope. Plásticos - Situación en 2011. Análisis de la producción, la demanda y la recuperación de plásticos en Europa en 2010. [online] <http://www.plasticseurope.org/documents/document/20111107102611-pe_factsfigures_es_2011_lr_final041111.pdf> [consulted: 15-07-2015]</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[9] </td> |
| | + | <td> Serna et al. Ácido Poliláctico (PLA): Propiedades y Aplicaciones. Ingeniería y Competitividad (2003), Vol.5, 16-26.</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[10] </td> |
| | + | <td>The Economist. The price of making a plastic bottle. 2014 <http://www.economist.com/news/economic-and-financial-indicators/21632569-price-making-plastic-bottle> [consulted: 13-09-2015] </td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[11] </td> |
| | + | <td> Facts on Pet. Husky's guide to PET Bottles. http://www.factsonpet.com/Articles/Facts%20on%20PET%20Flyer_June18%20PRINT.pdf [consulted: 13-09-2015]</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[12] </td> |
| | + | <td> The Field Position. The Importance of Corn.2012. < http://www.thefieldposition.com/2012/06/the-importance-of-corn/> [consulted: 13-09-2015]</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[13] </td> |
| | + | <td> Yale iGEM Team 2013. <https://2013.igem.org/Team:Yale> [consulted: 13-09-2015]</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | | | |
| − | <br>[3] Alla Katsnelson. News Feature: Microplastics present pollution puzzle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2015) vol. 112 no. 18, p5547-5549 | + | <tr> |
| − | <br>[4] El Tiempo, 2014. Plásticos matan al año 1,5 millones de animales marinos. [online] <http://www.eltiempo.com/estilo-de-vida/ciencia/muerte-de-animales-por-plasticos-lanzados-al-mar/14710998> [consulted: 14-07-2015]
| + | <td>[14] </td> |
| | + | <td> Jung et al. Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for the Production of Polylactic Acid and Its Copolymers. (2010) Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 105, No. 1</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | | | |
| − | <br>[5] La Tercera, 2015. Cristina Espinoza. Hasta 25 mil toneladas de plástico anuales se arrojan al mar desde Chile. [online] <http://www.latercera.com/noticia/tendencias/2015/05/659-627978-9-hasta-25-mil-toneladas-de-plasticos-anuales-se-arrojan-al-mar-desde-chile.shtml> [consulted: 14-07-2015] | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[15] </td> |
| | + | <td> Yang TH et al. Biosynthesis of polylactic acid and its copolymers using evolved propionate CoA transferase and PHA synthase. (2010) Biotechnol Bioeng 105:150–160</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | | | |
| − | <br>[6] 5 Gyres. [online] <http://www.5gyres.org/the-plastic-problem> [consulted: 13-09-2015] | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[16] </td> |
| | + | <td> Park SJ et al. Mutants of PHA synthase from Pseudomonas sp.6-19 and method for preparing lactate homopolymer or copolymer using the same. (2008b) WO/2008/062999</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | | | |
| − | <br>[7] Chilean Senate, 2014. [online] <http://www.senado.cl/prohibicion-de-bolsas-plasticas-en-la-patagonia-votaran-idea-de-legislar/prontus_senado/2014-10-23/122842.html> [consulted: 14-07-2015] | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[17] </td> |
| | + | <td> Mahishi et al. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) synthesis by recombinant Escherichia coli harbouring Streptomyces aureofaciens PHB biosynthesis genes: Effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources. Microbiol. Res. (2003) 158, 19–27</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | | | |
| − | <br>[8] PlasticsEurope. Plásticos - Situación en 2011. Análisis de la producción, la demanda y la recuperación de plásticos en Europa en 2010. [online] <http://www.plasticseurope.org/documents/document/20111107102611-pe_factsfigures_es_2011_lr_final041111.pdf> [consulted: 15-07-2015] | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[18] </td> |
| | + | <td>Jacquel N, Lo C-W, Wei Y-H, Wu H-S, Wang SS: Isolation and purification of bacterial poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates). Biochem Eng J 2008, 39:15–27 </td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | | | |
| − | <br>[9] Serna et al. Ácido Poliláctico (PLA): Propiedades y Aplicaciones. Ingeniería y Competitividad (2003), Vol.5, 16-26. | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[19] </td> |
| | + | <td>Asif Rahman. Secretion of polyhydroxybutyrate in Escherichia coli using a synthetic biological engineering approach. (2013) Journal of Biological Engineering 2013, 7:24 </td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | | | |
| − | <br>[10] The Economist. The price of making a plastic bottle. 2014 <http://www.economist.com/news/economic-and-financial-indicators/21632569-price-making-plastic-bottle> [consulted: 13-09-2015] | + | <tr> |
| − | <br>[11] Facts on Pet. Husky's guide to PET Bottles. http://www.factsonpet.com/Articles/Facts%20on%20PET%20Flyer_June18%20PRINT.pdf [consulted: 13-09-2015] | + | <td>[20] </td> |
| | + | <td> Maria Enquist-Newman. Efficient ethanol production from brown macroalgae sugars by a synthetic yeast platform. (2014) Nature. Vol 505. p239-243</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | | | |
| − | <br>[12] The Field Position. The Importance of Corn.2012. < http://www.thefieldposition.com/2012/06/the-importance-of-corn/> [consulted: 13-09-2015] | + | <tr> |
| − | <br>[13] Yale iGEM Team 2013. <https://2013.igem.org/Team:Yale> [consulted: 13-09-2015] | + | <td> [21]</td> |
| − | <br>[14] Jung et al. Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for the Production of Polylactic Acid and Its Copolymers. (2010) Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 105, No. 1 | + | <td> Wargacki et al. An Engineered Microbial Platform for Direct Biofuel Production from Brown Macroalgae. (2012). Science. Vol 335 p308-313</td> |
| − | <br>[15] Yang TH et al. Biosynthesis of polylactic acid and its copolymers using evolved propionate CoA transferase and PHA synthase. (2010) Biotechnol Bioeng 105:150–160
| + | </tr> |
| − | <br>[16] Park SJ et al. Mutants of PHA synthase from Pseudomonas sp.6-19 and method for preparing lactate homopolymer or copolymer using the same. (2008b) WO/2008/062999
| + | |
| − | <br>[17] Mahishi et al. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) synthesis by recombinant Escherichia coli harbouring Streptomyces aureofaciens PHB biosynthesis genes: Effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources. Microbiol. Res. (2003) 158, 19–27
| + | |
| − | <br>[18] Jacquel N, Lo C-W, Wei Y-H, Wu H-S, Wang SS: Isolation and purification of bacterial poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates). Biochem Eng J 2008, 39:15–27
| + | |
| − | <br>[19] Asif Rahman. Secretion of polyhydroxybutyrate in Escherichia coli using a synthetic biological engineering approach. (2013) Journal of Biological Engineering 2013, 7:24
| + | |
| − | <br>[20] Maria Enquist-Newman. Efficient ethanol production from brown macroalgae sugars by a synthetic yeast platform. (2014) Nature. Vol 505. p239-243
| + | |
| − | <br>[21] Wargacki et al. An Engineered Microbial Platform for Direct Biofuel Production from Brown Macroalgae. (2012). Science. Vol 335 p308-313
| + | |
| − | <br>[22] Hannover, 2001. The Hannover Principles. Design Guidelines for EXPO 2000. The Word’s Fair | + | |
| − | <br>[23] Dartmouth Undergradruate Journal of Science. Biodegradable Plastic: Its Promises and Consequences. 2013. [online] <http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/applied_sciences/biodegradable-plastic-its-promises-and-consequences#.VfRA2BF_Oko> [consulted: 12-09-2015] | + | |
| | | | |
| − | <br>[24] M. Gumel, M. Annuar , Y. Chisti. Recent Advances in the Production, Recovery and Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates. (2012) Journal of Polymers & the Environment., Vol. 21. p580 | + | <tr> |
| − | <br>[25] Y. Kohara, K. Akiyama, K. Isono. The physical map of the whole E. coli chromosome: Application of a new strategy for rapid analysis and sorting of a large genomic library. (1987) Cell, Vol 50 (3), 495:508 | + | <td>[22] </td> |
| − | <br>[26] 8.Jong et al. Production of recombinant proteins by high cell density culture of Escherichia coli. Chemical Engineering Science (2006). Vol. 61, Issue 3, 876–885. | + | <td> Hannover, 2001. The Hannover Principles. Design Guidelines for EXPO 2000. The Word’s Fair></td> |
| − | <br>[27] AQUA. Analizan potencialidad del cultivo de algas pardas en la Región de Coquimbo. 2007. [online] <http://www.aqua.cl/2007/10/22/analizan-potencialidad-del-cultivo-de-algas-pardas-en-la-region-de-coquimbo/> [consulted: 12-09-2015] | + | </tr> |
| − | <br>[28] Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura. Propuesta Plan de Manejo de la Pesquería de Algas Pardas Región de Arica y Parinacota. [online] <http://www.subpesca.cl/institucional/602/articles-60006_recurso.pdf> [consulted: 12-09-2015] | + | |
| − | <br>[29] Ministerio De Economía, Fomento Y Turismo. Informe Tecnico (R. Pesq.) N°74 - 2010 Acoge Medidas Administrativas Para El Recurso Algas Pardas En Zonas De Libre Acceso De Las Regiones De Los Ríos Y Los Lagos Recomendadas Mediante Informe Técnico Dzp N° 005/2010</p> | + | <tr> |
| − |
| + | <td>[23] </td> |
| − |
| + | <td> Dartmouth Undergradruate Journal of Science. Biodegradable Plastic: Its Promises and Consequences. 2013. [online] <http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/applied_sciences/biodegradable-plastic-its-promises-and-consequences#.VfRA2BF_Oko> [consulted: 12-09-2015]</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[24] </td> |
| | + | <td> M. Gumel, M. Annuar , Y. Chisti. Recent Advances in the Production, Recovery and Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates. (2012) Journal of Polymers & the Environment., Vol. 21. p580</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[25] </td> |
| | + | <td> Y. Kohara, K. Akiyama, K. Isono. The physical map of the whole E. coli chromosome: Application of a new strategy for rapid analysis and sorting of a large genomic library. (1987) Cell, Vol 50 (3), 495:508</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[26] </td> |
| | + | <td> 8.Jong et al. Production of recombinant proteins by high cell density culture of Escherichia coli. Chemical Engineering Science (2006). Vol. 61, Issue 3, 876–885.</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[27] </td> |
| | + | <td> AQUA. Analizan potencialidad del cultivo de algas pardas en la Región de Coquimbo. 2007. [online] <http://www.aqua.cl/2007/10/22/analizan-potencialidad-del-cultivo-de-algas-pardas-en-la-region-de-coquimbo/> [consulted: 12-09-2015]</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[28] </td> |
| | + | <td> Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura. Propuesta Plan de Manejo de la Pesquería de Algas Pardas Región de Arica y Parinacota. [online] <http://www.subpesca.cl/institucional/602/articles-60006_recurso.pdf> [consulted: 12-09-2015]</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | <tr> |
| | + | <td>[29]</td> |
| | + | <td> Ministerio De Economía, Fomento Y Turismo. Informe Tecnico (R. Pesq.) N°74 - 2010 Acoge Medidas Administrativas Para El Recurso Algas Pardas En Zonas De Libre Acceso De Las Regiones De Los Ríos Y Los Lagos Recomendadas Mediante Informe Técnico Dzp N° 005/2010</td> |
| | + | </tr> |
| | + | |
| | + | </table> |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| | </article> | | </article> |
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| | <!-----SECTION 2--> | | <!-----SECTION 2--> |
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| − | <section id="lego_description"> | + | <section id="lactadora"> |
| | <span class="titulo_seccion">Project: Description</span> | | <span class="titulo_seccion">Project: Description</span> |
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| − | | + | <section id="PLA"> |
| − | <article> | + | |
| | <h1 ALIGN="center">PLAdora: PLA production and exportation system</h1> <!--CENTRAR titulo y parrafo--> | | <h1 ALIGN="center">PLAdora: PLA production and exportation system</h1> <!--CENTRAR titulo y parrafo--> |
| | <p ALIGN="center">Develop a system that can polymerize lactic acid to polylactic acid (PLA) and it can be able to export PLA outside the bacteria. | | <p ALIGN="center">Develop a system that can polymerize lactic acid to polylactic acid (PLA) and it can be able to export PLA outside the bacteria. |
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| | </div> | | </div> |
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| − | <div class="one_third" > | + | <div class="one_third last" > |
| | <img id="Esquema" class="middle top" alt="Modulo 3" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b9/UChile-Openbio-DES_mod3_PLAdora_pag5.png" /><br> | | <img id="Esquema" class="middle top" alt="Modulo 3" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b9/UChile-Openbio-DES_mod3_PLAdora_pag5.png" /><br> |
| | <h3 ALIGN="center">Module 3</h3> | | <h3 ALIGN="center">Module 3</h3> |
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| | </div> | | </div> |
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| − | | + | |
| | | | |
| − | <h1>How does our Lactadora system work?</h1> | + | <h1>How does our PLAdora system work?</h1> |
| | <!-------COLUMNA 1--> | | <!-------COLUMNA 1--> |
| | + | <article> |
| | | | |
| | <p>When HSL molecules diffuse from bacteria 1 to bacteria 2, will bind LuxR protein (completing quorum sensing) and will induced plux promoter so pCoAT and phaC enzyme and phasin-HIyA protein will be expressed at the same time. This system depend of the first system, because if pH is lower than 5.5 (e.g. due to a low consumption of lactate from medium by the second system), there is no production either of lactate and HSL in the first system so there is no induction of plux promoter by LuxR-HSL complex, thereby second system would be OFF.</p> | | <p>When HSL molecules diffuse from bacteria 1 to bacteria 2, will bind LuxR protein (completing quorum sensing) and will induced plux promoter so pCoAT and phaC enzyme and phasin-HIyA protein will be expressed at the same time. This system depend of the first system, because if pH is lower than 5.5 (e.g. due to a low consumption of lactate from medium by the second system), there is no production either of lactate and HSL in the first system so there is no induction of plux promoter by LuxR-HSL complex, thereby second system would be OFF.</p> |
| | | | |
| | <!----LAS FOTOS DEBEN PONERSE EN 4 COLUMNAS---> | | <!----LAS FOTOS DEBEN PONERSE EN 4 COLUMNAS---> |
| − | <article>
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| − | <div class="division">
| |
| − | <div class="half">
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| − | <img id="Esquema" width=150 alt="Bacteria SuperHeroe" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/ca/UChile-Openbio-DES_PLAdora1_pag4.png" /><br>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | <div class="half last">
| |
| − | <img id="Esquema" class="middle top" width=150 alt="Bacteria SuperHeroe" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/68/UChile-Openbio-DES_PLAdora2_pag4.png" /><br>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
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| − | <div class="division">
| + | <table> |
| − | <div class="half">
| + | <tr> |
| − | <img id="Esquema" class="middle top" width= 150 alt="Bacteria SuperHeroe" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/1a/UChile-Openbio-DES_PLAdora4_pag4.png" /> <br> | + | <td><img id="Esquema" class="middle top" width=350 alt="Bacteria SuperHeroe" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/c/ca/UChile-Openbio-DES_PLAdora1_pag4.png" /></td> |
| − | </div>
| + | <td><img id="Esquema" class="middle top" width=350alt="Bacteria SuperHeroe" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/68/UChile-Openbio-DES_PLAdora2_pag4.png" /></td> |
| − | <div class="half last">
| + | <td><img id="Esquema" class="middle top" width= 400 alt="Bacteria SuperHeroe" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/1a/UChile-Openbio-DES_PLAdora4_pag4.png" /></ td> |
| − | <img id="Esquema" class="middle top" width= 150 alt="Bacteria SuperHeroe" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/7/78/UChile-Openbio-DES_PLAdora3_pag4.png" />< br> | + | < td><img id="Esquema" class="middle top" width= 350alt="Bacteria SuperHeroe" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/7/78/UChile-Openbio-DES_PLAdora3_pag4.png" />< /td> |
| − | </div>
| + | </tr> |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| | + | </table> |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | <h2 ALIGN="center">Represantations of interaction of the different modules of the second system</h2> | | <h2 ALIGN="center">Represantations of interaction of the different modules of the second system</h2> |
| − | </article> | + | |
| − | | + | </article> |
| − | | + | </section> |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
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| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | + | <section id="safety"> |
| | <article> | | <article> |
| | <h1 ALIGN="center">Arabinita: Safety System</h1> <!--CENTRAR titulo y parrafo--> | | <h1 ALIGN="center">Arabinita: Safety System</h1> <!--CENTRAR titulo y parrafo--> |
| | <p ALIGN="center">Develop a system that can guarantee human and environmental safety by destroying cells which escape from the controlled culture media.</p> | | <p ALIGN="center">Develop a system that can guarantee human and environmental safety by destroying cells which escape from the controlled culture media.</p> |
| − | <
| + | |
| | <h2 ALIGN="center">What parts did we use? And why?</h2><br> | | <h2 ALIGN="center">What parts did we use? And why?</h2><br> |
| | <div class="division" > | | <div class="division" > |
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| | <img id="Esquema" class="middle top" alt="Modules" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/e/e9/UChile-Openbio-DES_Safety_pag6.png" /> | | <img id="Esquema" class="middle top" alt="Modules" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/e/e9/UChile-Openbio-DES_Safety_pag6.png" /> |
| | + | <br> |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| | </article> | | </article> |
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| | + | </section> |
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| − | <script> | + | <footer> |
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| + | </footer> |
| − | current=$(this).siblings('.item_actividad-cuerpo');
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| − | current.slideToggle();
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| | </div> <!-- #contentContainer --> | | </div> <!-- #contentContainer --> |
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