Introduction

1. Why do we detect Copper?

   Copper is a compulsory ingredient in respiratory pigment, and was found in more and more protein and enzyme. On 1847, Harless found that copper has a great action in Molluscs, and on 1878 Frederig first separated copper from protein contamination in blood of octopus, and he named it as ceraloplasim. On 1928,Hart’s report said that copper is a compulsory Element for manual.

   According to study, since copper can effect the absorption of iron, lack of copper will cause Lenkoryfe abnormal, Neutropenia, Osteoporosis and growth retardation, or damage human’s immune system.

2. The harm of Copper

   Too much copper will cause harm of human body. It will result in irritation of nose and throat when inhale high concentration of copper. Also it will lead to liver and kidney's damage when intaking high concentration of copper. Copper excession will cause toxicity, including nausea,queasiness, vomit and dirrahea. Other severe symptom like hematuria, jaundice, and urine oligonucleotide may also happen on human beings. Copper poisoning could lead to hemolysis, decrease of hemoglobin and increase of serum lactate dehydrogenase.

3. Taiwanese regulation
   • Drinking 1.0 ppm
   • Cooking oil 0.4 ppm
   • Egg 5 ppm
   • Drinks 5 ppm
4. National regulation
   • USEPD request that the concentration of copper in drinking water shouldn’t over 1.3 mg/L.
   • US Department of Agriculture suggests people over 8 years old should only take less than 900 mg per day.
   • US OSHA demands that in workplace, the concentration of copper in either air or dust should lower than 0.1 mg/m3.

Circuit Design

Just like detecting cadmium , we use the same principle on copper. First, we use the CopA Promoter , which can detect copper and more sensitive than CueO Promoter. When it detects that there is copper in oil, then it will activate the translation reverse.

Result

1. Whether Copper can enter e.coli or not
   1. Method
   2. Result
   3. Discussion
2. Whether e.coli is alive in the poisons, condition or not
   1. Method
   2. Results
   3. Discussion
3. The relation between the concentration of Copper and illumination of RFP
   1. Results
   2. Discussion

Reference

• [1]John H. Duffus: "Heavy Metals"- A Meaningless Term, Chemistry International, November 2001