Difference between revisions of "Team:Oxford/Test/Chemicals"

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                                 <li>P261 – Avoid breathing vapours.</li>
 
                                 <li>P261 – Avoid breathing vapours.</li>
 
                                 <li>P305+P351+P338 – IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do so. Continue rinsing.</li>
 
                                 <li>P305+P351+P338 – IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do so. Continue rinsing.</li>
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                            </ul>
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                        </div>
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                        <div class="section" id="ea-used">
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                            <h4>Use in our project</h4>
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                            <div class="image image-right">
 +
                                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/f/f7/Ox_ethylacetate.jpeg" />
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                            </div>
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                            <p>
 +
                                Ethyl Acetate played a small but important role in our project, it was used to dissovle a petri-dish in an attempt to create a coating for our beads... It was some what unsucessful.
 +
                            </p>
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                        </div>
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                        <div class="section" id="ea-facts">
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                            <ul>
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                                <li>It is the most common ester in wine, and is responsible for their fruity taste and smell.</li>
 +
                                <li>It is used as an asphyxiant by insect collectors, which allows them to kill insects without physically damaging the specimen.</li>
 +
                                <li>It is used industrially as a solvent - we used it to dissolve petri dishes to coat our bacterial beads!</li>
 
                             </ul>
 
                             </ul>
 
                         </div>
 
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                             </ul>
 
                             </ul>
 
                         </div>
 
                         </div>
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                        <div class="section" id="eb-used">
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                            <h4>Use in Our Project</h4>
 +
                            <div class="image image-left">
 +
                                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/d/dc/Ox_MabelEb.jpeg" />
 +
                            </div>
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                            <p>
 +
                                Ethidium Bromide was one our biggest hazardous in the lab, however it was one of our most useful chemicals. We used it to stain gels and visualise bands of DNA. Without it Mabel, our Queen of molecular cloning would have had a much tougher time cutting out her bands of DNA.
 +
                            </p>
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                        </div>
 +
                        <div class="section" id="eb-facts">
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                            <ul>
 +
                                <li>Ethidium bromide intercalates and binds between the layers of DNA helices.</li>
 +
                                <li>It fluoresces orange under UV light, but this light is 20x as intense while it is bound to DNA - making it incredibly useful as a fluorescent tag for nucleic acids.</li>
 +
                                <li>Its tight binding to DNA is also what makes it toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic.</li>
 +
                                <li>It can be used to treat trypanosome infections in cattle, but has fallen out of favor more recently due to a high incidence of resistance.</li>
 +
                            </ul>
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                        </div>
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                    </div>
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                    <div class="image-massive">
 +
                        <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/3e/Ox_EB.jpeg" />
 
                     </div>
 
                     </div>
 
                 </div>
 
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                         <ul class="nav nav-stacked">
 
                         <ul class="nav nav-stacked">
 
                             <li><a href="#ea-coshh">Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Assessment</a></li>
 
                             <li><a href="#ea-coshh">Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Assessment</a></li>
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                            <li><a href="#ea-used">Use in Our Project</a></li>
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                            <li><a href="#ea-facts">Facts</a></li>
 
                         </ul>
 
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                         <ul class="nav nav-stacked">
 
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                             <li><a href="#eb-coshh">Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Assessment</a></li>
 
                             <li><a href="#eb-coshh">Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Assessment</a></li>
 +
                            <li><a href="#eb-used">Use in Our Project</a></li>
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                            <li><a href="#eb-facts">Facts</a></li>
 
                         </ul>
 
                         </ul>
 
                     </li>
 
                     </li>

Revision as of 09:59, 18 September 2015

Chemicals

Sodium Fluorescein

Chemical Structure

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Assessment

  • Not a hazardous substance

Use in our project:

Sodium Fluorescein was a very useful chemical in our prject and was used in several aspects; the interlab study and in relation to the beads.

It's main use was to create a calibration curve for fluorescence levels in the interlab study and also for the diffusion out of the beads.

The diffusion of sodium fluorescein out of the beads and then past along to the modelers in order to model the diffusion of our anti-biofilm agents out of the beads.

  • Fluorescein gets its name from the intense green fluorescence it gives in alkaline solutions, visible even at dilutions of 1 in 50,000,000!
  • It is used in optometry to reveal damaged areas of the cornea, as well as in the diagnosis of several important eye conditions including “dry eye”. The eye shown below is normal and healthy.
  • Synthetic biologists and microbiologists use it to stain cells and cell structures under the microscope - such as the cell cytoskeleton marked out in bright green in the picture below!
  • Fluorescein can be used to fight crime - investigators spray a watery fluorescein mist over a crime scene to reveal bloodstains that might have been cleaned away by the perpetrator.
  • During World War II, German aircrews carried small containers of fluorescein with them into battle. If they were shot down and forced to parachute out of the plane, the fluorescein produced a vivid and highly conspicuous marking in the water that helped air-to-sea rescue teams find them.
  • A more familiar and everyday use of fluorescein might be as the pigment in spirit levels, helping to make the air bubble more visible in contrast to the alcohols filling the tube.

Crystal Violet (aka Gentian Violet)

Chemical Structure

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Assessment

  • H302 - Harmful if swallowed.
  • H318 - Causes serious eye damage.
  • H350 - May cause cancer.
  • H410 - Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
  • P201- Obtain special instructions before use.
  • P273 - Avoid release to the environment.
  • P280 - Wear protective gloves/ eye protection/ face protection.
  • P305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
  • P308 + P313 - IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/ attention.
  • P501 -Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant.

Use in our project:

Crystal Violet was used in two different sections of our project.

It's first use was to stain the biofilms ready for the biofilm assays. It was also was used along side Sodium Fluorecence to aquire data for the diffusion rates out of the beads.

  • It is most famous for its use in the Gram method of classifying bacteria - “Gram positive” = walls are stained purple, “Gram negative” = walls are not stained.
  • Used to develop fingerprints in forensics.
  • Crystal violet is a main component of black and navy inks for printers and ballpoint pens.
  • It can also be used as an antiseptic/antifungal in resource-limited settings, but has otherwise been superseded by other more modern antiseptics.

Sodium Alignate

Chemical Structure

Calcium Chloride

Agarose

Ethyl Acetate

Chemical Structure

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Assessment

  • H225 – Highly flammable liquid and vapour.
  • H319 – Causes serious eye irritation.
  • H336 – May cause drowsiness or dizziness.
  • P210 – Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
  • P261 – Avoid breathing vapours.
  • P305+P351+P338 – IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do so. Continue rinsing.

Use in our project

Ethyl Acetate played a small but important role in our project, it was used to dissovle a petri-dish in an attempt to create a coating for our beads... It was some what unsucessful.

  • It is the most common ester in wine, and is responsible for their fruity taste and smell.
  • It is used as an asphyxiant by insect collectors, which allows them to kill insects without physically damaging the specimen.
  • It is used industrially as a solvent - we used it to dissolve petri dishes to coat our bacterial beads!

Polystrene

Chemical Structure

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Assessment

  • Not a hazardous substance

Ethidium Bromide

Chemical Structure

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Assessment

  • H331 - Toxic if inhaled
  • H341 - Suspected of causing genetic defects

  • P261 - AVoid breathing dust/ fume/ gas/ mist/ vapour/ spray.
  • P281 - Use personal protective equipment as required
  • P311 - Call a POISON CENTRE or doctor/ physician

Use in Our Project

Ethidium Bromide was one our biggest hazardous in the lab, however it was one of our most useful chemicals. We used it to stain gels and visualise bands of DNA. Without it Mabel, our Queen of molecular cloning would have had a much tougher time cutting out her bands of DNA.

  • Ethidium bromide intercalates and binds between the layers of DNA helices.
  • It fluoresces orange under UV light, but this light is 20x as intense while it is bound to DNA - making it incredibly useful as a fluorescent tag for nucleic acids.
  • Its tight binding to DNA is also what makes it toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic.
  • It can be used to treat trypanosome infections in cattle, but has fallen out of favor more recently due to a high incidence of resistance.

Ampicillin

Chemical Structure

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Assessment

  • H315 - Causes skin irritation.
  • H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction.
  • H319 - Causes serious eye irritation.
  • H334 - May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled.
  • H335 - May cause respiratory irritation.

  • P261 - Avoid breathing dust.
  • P280 - Wear protective gloves.
  • P305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
  • P342 + P311 - If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/ physician.

Chloramphenicol

Chemical Structure

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Assessment

  • H350 - May cause cancer.

  • P201 - Obtain special instructions before use.
  • P308 + P313 - IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/ attention.

Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)

Chemical Structure

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Assessment

  • Not a hazardous substance

Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane

Chemical Structure

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Assessment

  • Not a hazardous substance

Boric Acid

Chemical Structure

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Assessment

  • H360FD - May damage fertility. May damage the unborn child.

  • P201 - Obtain special instructions before use.
  • P308 + P313 - IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/ attention.

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid

Chemcial Structure

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Assessment

  • H319 - Causes serious eye irritation.
  • P305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

Thiamine Hydrochloride

Chemical Structure

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Assessment

  • Not a hazardous substance.

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate