Introduction

1. Why do we detect Lead?

   There are two possible reasons that lead were found in recycled oil. One is that the animal feed oil is made from animal’s internal organs, and those organs are to conduct metabolism in animal’s bodies, so they may contain little lead. The other is that the oil container is made of metals like lead, and it may dissolve lead into the oil. There’s lead in recycled oil.[1] Human body can hardly merabolize and degrade lead. To the human body, lead is a chronic and cumulative poison; it may easily lead to poisoning or even carcinogenic. Therefore, we decided to detect lead.

2. The harm of Lead

   Lead can cause several unwanted effects, such as:

   • Disruption of the biosynthesis of haemoglobin and anaemia
   • A rise in blood pressure
   • Kidney damage
   • Miscarriages and subtle abortions
   • Disruption of nervous systems
   • Brain damage
   • Declined fertility of men through sperm damage
   • Diminished learning abilities of children
   • Behavioural disruptions of children, such as aggression, impulsive behavior and hyperactivity

   Lead can enter a foetus through the placenta of the mother. Because of this it can cause serious damage to the nervous system and the brains of unborn children.[2]

3. Taiwanese regulation

   The maximum allowance of lead in edible oil is 0.1 ppm.[3]

Circuit Design

We mainly divide the whole experiment into 2 major parts.

The former fragment can consistently produce PbRr.[4]

If the oil contains lead ions, they can integrate with proteins PbRr to further activate proteins.

As for the later fragment, the lead promoter can be controlled by activated protein PbRr to further trigger the GFP.

Result

1. Whether lead can enter e.coli or not
   1. Method
   2. Result
   3. Discussion
2. Whether e.coli is alive in the poisons, condition or not
   1. Method
   2. Results
   3. Discussion
3. The relation between the concentration of lead and illumination of RFP
   1. Method
   2. Results
   3. Discussion

Reference

• [1] Rancidity of Used Cooking Oil and Heavy Metal Analyses on Selected Street-Vended Foods (Annabelle A. Callano, 2012)
• [2] Health effects of lead
• [3] 食用油脂類衛生標準，食品衛生管理法第十七條
• [4] An Exceptionally Selective Lead(ii)-Regulatory Protein from Ralstonia Metallidurans: Development of a Fluorescent Lead(ii) Probe (Peng Chen, Bill Greenberg, Safiyh Taghavi, Christine Romano, Daniel van der Lelie, and Chuan He)