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     document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = "&rdquo;Science and Faith Must Be Friends, for The Same God is Active in Both&rdquo; –Troy Van Voorhis, MIT Professor-<br><br>&nbsp;Indonesia is neither a liberal nor communist country. Indonesia is not a religion country, but it’s a religious country. Indonesia is very diverse country, people comes from different religion and ethnic background . There’re 6 major religions in Indonesia : Islam, Protestant Chiristianity, Catholic, Hindu, Buddha, and Confucianism.<br><br>&nbsp;As a democratic country which have Pancasila as it’s ideology, religion plays an important role in social life. Other than social life, reigions also takes important part in scientific realm.  Some people still think that several scientific researches , especially synthetic biology, still make a debate between the society. Some people who agree with synthetic biology research think that synhetic biology can bring some benefit for human life. But, thoose who are argued with synthetic biology develompment says that synthetic biology research seems like ‘Playing God’ because researchers can enginereed every organism to create a new one in accordance with their wishes.<br><br>&nbsp;We realize that our team is not a Messiah, Mahdi, Maitreya, Krishna, etc.who promise to solves the whole problem with our synthetic biology inovation. But, our team wants our synthetic biology based product can be accepted by the entire society.We did some religious investigation of our product through 6 major religions in Indonesia. So, we can analyze whether or not our product (Bacterial Contraception a ka BaCon) in accordance with the ethical and moral aspect of these religions. We use literature studies & interviews with religious leaders to analyze this aspect.<br><br><b>A. Hindu</b><br>Interviewees : Prof. Dr. I Made Kartika Dhiputra, Dipl. Ing. (Mechanical Engineering Professor, Leader of Hindu Dharma Organisation on Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia & High Priest of Hindu Temple in Halim, Jakarta, Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : Sanata Dharma Magazine<br><br>As the oldest religion in Indonesia, Hindu becoming major religion in few provinces in Indonesia like Bali. 80% people in Bali are Hindu and it becoming important part of people’s daily life.<br><br>In hinduism, scientific research especially synthetic biology experiment that we do, is allowed, as long as it has good benefits and is not misused.  Before synthetic biology based product released, researchers should do clinical test to make sure that the product works and safe. Hinduism agreed if the scientists or researchers do animal testing to test synthetic biology based product like our Bacterial Contraception (BaCon), to obtain accurate test result and reduce the danger that may occur if the product test conduct on humans. If the product test conducted on humans, it should be done in accordance with existing regulations by considering the ethical aspect.<br><br>Since ancient time, people of Hinduism have practice Family Planning. One of the Family Planning implementation that have been done by Hindus people is : In Bali, Indonesia, there’s family planning regulation implemented hereditary.  This regulation form is limits the number of children in one family.  The highest number of chldren who maybe owned by one family is 4. The maximum number of children in one family represents by Balinese-Hindu name : Putu (1st child), Made/Ni Nengah (2nd child),  Nyoman (3rd child), and Ketut (4th child). Beside that, there’s a myth that adhered to the community, if there’s family with children more than 4, the familiy neighbor can’t bear any child at all. Because people believe this myth and have tolerance and compassion towards their neighbors, they still run the Family Planning program in order to create a harmonious social life. In addition, people perform Family Planning program that nutrition, moral, education, financial needs of their children are fullfilled(Improves child quality) and a family become prosperous. If these aspects are achieved, the children will become “Suputra”, in Hindu, a “Suputra” is a good, polite, smart, and strong child who can brings happiness to his/her parents.<br><br>In the Hindu religion, gender equality is highly valued. Men and women have equal footing and complementary roles. In Hindu, When a girl was a child she called “Putri” that equal to a boy called “Putra”. When she gets married, she will called “Ibu” that have equal role with adult men called “Ayah’. When a women grow old, she called “Devi” which means a wise crone that same with wise old men called“Deva”. This Hindu philosophy about men & women shown that men and women are equal  and must be honored. On Family Planning implementation, gender equality plays important role. To obtain gender equality, men and women  should discuss together before deciding what contraceptives they will use or or who should use the contraceptive. Contraceptional method which exist today mostly used by women and family planning program participant still dominated by women. On Hinduism perspective, this is not consider as gender inequality in Family Planning implementation, because to examine whether or not an action in family planning suit with gender equality aspect is not limited by the method, but also lies on men & women role in limi the number of children, men & women role on set the child birth spacing period, etc. If men & women work hand in hand on Family Planning Program implementation, family Planning will achieved sucess.<br><br>Family Planning implementation in Indonesia is ethical according to Hinduism view. This is ethical because it has noble goals like : Increasing family’s welfare, reduce maternal & newborn mortality rate, incresing women & children health, reducing poverty, etc. Not only that, but also Family Planning in performance in Indonesia is well monitored & controlled. So, it will prevents the missused of the contraceptional methods.<br><br>Every contraceptional method, wheter it’s permanent or reversible are allowed to use according to Hinduism believe, for man & woman tied up in a legal marriage. If a couple don’t want to have children anymore, they can choose tubectomy or vasectomy for their contracaptive . If a couple wants to have a child someday, they can choose pills, IUD, condoms, or other reversible contrceptive methods. Bacterial Contraception (BaCon), as our team inovative contraceptional method, are allowed to used by people, based on Hinduism  believe.It’s allowed to used by people because it solves some problems that people face during Family Palanning Program implemenation, due to it’s effectiveness, reveribility, applicable, minimum side effects, etc.  BaCon, as bacterial based contraceptive may have several risk, for humans and the environment.  To prevent this, resercher should do cinical test on animal, do clinical test on human with different body charecteristics,  and make sure that the product’s system control works properly.<br><br>Last but not least, in the future after this product highly produced, UI iGEM team as an inventor should take part to control BaCon’sdistribution. BaCon should only be used for couples who have legally marriage. To prevent the missused of BaCon, BaCon should not be sold freely and labelled as a drug prescription.<br><br><b>B. Buddha</b><br>Interviwees : Direjawati (Monk at Vihara Lalitavistara, Ancol, Jakarta, Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : http://www.walubi.or.id/wacana/wacana_dw_39.shtml,http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html<br><br>Buddhist brought by Sidharta Gautama on 6 BC. There’re 1.703.254 Buddhists in Indonesia or 0,72% of total population in Indonesia.<br><br>In Buddhism, synthetic biology researches are allowed. Humans are not forbidden to manipulate living creature. As long as it is used for good purposes and should not kill the living beings.<br><br>In Buddhism perspective, Family Planning Program is not a forbidden thing. It’s a goverment program to be implemented by it’s citizen. In Tripitaka (Buddhis Holy Book), there’re no rules about the ideal number of children in a family, it’s family’s own right to decide it, as long as the family can support their children morally and materially. Beside that, a family is allowed to limits the number of their children due to medical and economical reason. Family Planning implementation is allowed in Buddhism because it has some positive impacts like : Trying to prevent their children from crime, Teach them to do good, Provide a good education for their children, Marry off their children with a suitable partner, Give the inheritance to his children at the right time.<br><br>The usage of contraceptional method in Family Planning program is allowed in Buddhis religion. But,contraceptional method which prevents the growth of the fetus in the womb after conception like emergency contraceptive pills, it is not justified in Buddhism, because “Patisandhi Vinnana” (new spirit/soul in Buddhism) has been included in the uterus, including murder and violated the precepts. Wherease, a contraceptive which prevents sperm penetrate the ovum, it is Justified in Buddhism, because “Patisandhi Vinnana” yet in the womb and not break the precepts.<br><br>Based on Buddhism view, Bacterial Contraception (BaCon) as our engineered bacteria based product, may be used because our team engineered the safe bacteria for human for novel purpose and our team doesn’t mean to hurt or kill any living creature. Beside that, our product mechanism is to produce SboA (Spermicidal Protein) to stop the sperm’s movement. So, our product mechanism is prevents sperm penetrate the ovum, that means, our product can be used by Buddhists.<br><br><b>C. Protestant Christianity</b><br>Interviewees : A. Yohanes (Reverend at Gereja Bethel Indonesia (GBI)/Bethel Chruch Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : http://bioethics.gov/sites/default/files/Contributions-of-Christian-Thought-to-Assessments-of-Synthetic-Biology.pdf,http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html<br><br>Protestant Christianity is the second major religion in Indonesia. In Indonesia , there are three provinces whose majority are Protestant , Papua, Maluku and North Sulawesi with 90 % , 91 % , 94 % of the population. Protestant Christianity was first introduced by the Dutch in the 16th century AD the influence of Calvinist and Lutheran teachings.<br><br>Synthetic biology is not forbidden in Protestant Christianity faith, but, the wise use of biosynthetic powers, like all forms of human power, will require other practices beyond rule making, self-regulation, and oversight. For these to be effective and adequate will require also the inculcation and sustenance of certain dispositions, attitudes, and habits of mind: in short, for controls to work will require the intentional formation of character as an indispensable part of scientific education and research mentoring. If we are to take into our hands the capacity to reengineer living things, to synthesize working copies of organisms or novel organisms that will take on life and reproductive capacities of their own, we will need to cultivate prudence as well as technical optimism.<br><br>Christian notions about birth control stem from church teachings rather than scripture (since the Bible says little about contraception). So beliefs about birth control tend to be based on different Christian interpretations of marriage, sex, and family. Contraception was condemned by Christianity as a barrier to God’s procreative purpose of marriage until the start of the 20th century. Protestant theologians became more willing to accept that morality should come from the conscience of each person rather than from outside teachings.<br><br>Many Christians began to consider sex as a gift from God and a positive force that could strengthen the institution of marriage if couples did not feel threatened by the possibility of having children they could not support. The majority of Protestant denominations, theologians, and churches allow contraception and may even promote family planning as an important moral good. As with all issues of Christian morality, it stresses that members use birth control as dictated by their consciences.<br><br>According to that passage, we can conclude that Bacterial Contraception (BaCon) our product inovation, are allowed to use as new contraceptional method, if we analyze through Protestant Christianity faith.<br><br><b>D. Islam</b><br>Interviewees : Dr. Zakky Mubarak (Islamic Religion Lecturer in Universitas Indonesia & Board of Naudahtul Ulama, the biggest Islamic organization in Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html,http://muslimmatters.org/2007/10/27/craig-venter-playing-god/<br><br>Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population in the world , with 85 % of the population are adherents of Islam.Islam plays important role to many aspects of life in Indonesia , including in the development of science and technology.<br><br>Genomic modification of existing life-forms, including bacteria, yeast, soy, mice, and even pigs, has routinely been used by labs all around the world for decades, to answer fundamental questions of biology. With reassurance from various shayookh that it was allowed, as long as there was a sincere intention and purpose to help humanity, and that it would not cause unnecessary harm to any of the creatures under researcher care, God-willing. Their justification came from the Islamic concept that all of Earthly creation has been placed under the stewardship of humankind, from which we are allowed to derive benefit in a responsible manner. So, as the tools and methods used in synthetic biology are not new, the project constitutes a conceptual leap in Biology, rather than a technological one.<br><br>Widespread variation on contraception attitudes can be found in the Islamic faith. Because contraception is not expressly prohibited in the Qur’an, many Muslim scholars approve of family planning. Yet, some also believe that birth control is forbidden as the Qur’an contains the command to “procreate and abound in number.” These scholars argue that only God can decide the number of children that a couple will have.<br><br>Early Sunni Muslim literature discusses various contraceptive methods, and reveals that the practice of azl (withdrawal) is morally acceptable since it was practiced by the prophet Muhammed. Sunni doctrine in favor of contraception suggests that that any contraceptive that does not produce sterility is morally the same as azl and is therefore accepted.<br><br>Despite these varying views, Islam emphasizes that procreation within the family is a religious duty, so there is unanimous rejection of sterilization and abortion. Most Islamic traditions will permit the use of birth control where maternal health is an issue or where the well-being of the family may be compromised. The Islamic faith prioritizes human life, so being able to space out births allows a mother ample time to care for each child. In Shia Islamic countries, contraception is not only taught to married couples, but is encouraged to youngsters as well. Birth control is supported for economic reasons; it helps protect the mother’s life and provide for her children.<br><br>Muslims also believe that contraception helps to preserve the attractiveness of the wife, thereby increasing the enjoyment of the marriage. For Muslim women, family planning is key to their empowerment. The Islamic faith allows a lot of latitude in interpretation, which is reflected by the various differences in family planning policies by distinct Muslim groups and countries.<br><br>Bacterial Contraception (BaCon), is our team synthetic bilogy based contraceptive is allowed to use for women as birth control tool, because it emphasize maternal health, supported for economical reason, and BaCon doesn’t cause permanent sterility, because if someone wants to get pregnant again, all she has to do is just consume xylose contained medicine. Morover, the use of engineered bacteria for contraceptive is allowed in Islamic faith, because it has goal to becomes semi permanent sperm inhibitor/spremicide, so it doesn’t need repetitive usage. After that, our product facilitate people who wants to participate in Family Planning.<br><br><b>E. Confucianism</b><br>Interviewees : Soelyono (Confucianism Lecturer on Universitas Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html<br><br>After Indonesia’s reformation on 1998, Confucian religion is now officially regarded as a religion in Indonesia.<br><br>Same with what states in Buddhism faith, synthetic biology researches are allowed. Humans are not forbidden to manipulate living creature. As long as it is used for good purposes and should not kill the living beings.<br><br>Evidence of contraception goes back thousands of years in China. Chinese religions emphasize the importance of balance and harmony in the individual, the family, and society. Since having too many children can upset this balance, family planning has been a valued part of human sexuality in both Taoism and Confucianism. In the Chinese religions, sex and sexual pleasure are esteemed and celebrated along with the need for moderation.<br><br>Confucians, put more focus on procreation than on the joy and art of sex. Confucians are not as open to birth control as they are more sensitive to any restriction on their God-given right to procreate. However, they still believe that a husband and wife have an obligation to practice family planning.<br><br><b>F. Catholic Christianity</b><br>Literature Source : http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html,http://www.katolisitas.org/1632/tentang-kondom-dan-kb-alamiah,http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01887.x/abstract<br><br>Some religious believers may see synthetic biology as usurping God's creative role. The Catholic Church has yet to issue a formal teaching on the field. The Church's teachings on scientific and biotech research show that it is likely to have a generally positive disposition to synbio, if it and its products can be acceptably safe. Proper evaluation of, and protection against, risk will be a significant factor in determining the morality of the research. If the risks can be minimized through regulation or other means, then the Church is likely to be supportive. The Church will also critique the social and legal environment in which the research is done, evaluating issues such as the patenting of scientific discoveries and of life.<br><br>The Roman Catholic Church forbids sex outside marriage, so its teachings aboutcontraception should be understood within the context of a husband and wife. Catholicism is the only major faith in the Indonesia that forbids the use of contraception. The Church teaches that sex must be both unitive and procreative, so its against all chemicaland barrier methods of birth control and considers them morally unacceptable -- claiming artificial birth control methods impede the procreative aspect of sex, making contraception sinful.<br><br>Natural family planning such as periodic abstinence is the only contraceptive method sanctioned by the Church. The catechism of the Catholic Church claims sex has a twofold purpose: &rdquo;the good of the spouses themselves and the transmission of life (2363).&rdquo; Still, most Catholics disagree with the prohibition of birth control; in fact, surveys find that approximately 90% of sexually active Catholic women of childbearing age use a birth control method forbidden by the church.<br><br><b>Conclusion</b><br><br>Science inovation like synthetic biology development is permitted on every major religion in Indonesia. Almost all major Religion in Indonesia to allow the use of contraceptives on Family Planning program implementation, although the permitted contraceptional methods are different on each religion. Gender equality on Family Planning implementation is highly concerned & valued thing in all religion. Men and women should have equal responsibility to accomplish Family Planning success.Application of synthetic biology for contraceptional method like Bacterial Contraception (BaCon) we made are allowed by most of major religion in Indonesia due to it’s noble goals, effectiveness, and also it reversibility. The use of contraceptional method, including contraceptives mad form engineered bacteria/GMO (BaCon), is allowed in almost all religions. As long as it is used by couples who tied in legal marriage.<br><br>Scientists, Government, Academician, Industries, Practitioners, NGOs, and also society should work together to control and monitor Bacterial Contraception (BaCon) distribution, to prevent some harmful effects that may occur, like : products used by unmaried couple, prostitution, sexual harassement, and even biological weapon for genocide. The Government should make policy about BaCon production & distribution Researchers have to work hard to make ideal kill switch/toggle switch. So, when an outbreak occurs, the engineered bacteria wouldn’t contaminate the environment and endanger humans health.<br><br>Finally, we could say that our product is in accordance with religious norms prevailing in Indonesia , making it feasible to adequate for.";

     document.getElementById("isi").innerHTML = "&rdquo;Science and Faith Must Be Friends, for The Same God is Active in Both&rdquo; –Troy Van Voorhis, MIT Professor-<br><br>&nbsp;Indonesia is neither a liberal nor communist country. Indonesia is not a religion country, but it’s a religious country. Indonesia is very diverse country, people comes from different religion and ethnic background . There’re 6 major religions in Indonesia : Islam, Protestant Chiristianity, Catholic, Hindu, Buddha, and Confucianism.<br><br>&nbsp;As a democratic country which have Pancasila as it’s ideology, religion plays an important role in social life. Other than social life, reigions also takes important part in scientific realm.  Some people still think that several scientific researches , especially synthetic biology, still make a debate between the society. Some people who agree with synthetic biology research think that synhetic biology can bring some benefit for human life. But, thoose who are argued with synthetic biology develompment says that synthetic biology research seems like ‘Playing God’ because researchers can enginereed every organism to create a new one in accordance with their wishes.<br><br>&nbsp;We realize that our team is not a Messiah, Mahdi, Maitreya, Krishna, etc.who promise to solves the whole problem with our synthetic biology inovation. But, our team wants our synthetic biology based product can be accepted by the entire society.We did some religious investigation of our product through 6 major religions in Indonesia. So, we can analyze whether or not our product (Bacterial Contraception a ka BaCon) in accordance with the ethical and moral aspect of these religions. We use literature studies & interviews with religious leaders to analyze this aspect.<br><br><b>A. Hindu</b><br>Interviewees : Prof. Dr. I Made Kartika Dhiputra, Dipl. Ing. (Mechanical Engineering Professor, Leader of Hindu Dharma Organisation on Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia & High Priest of Hindu Temple in Halim, Jakarta, Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : Sanata Dharma Magazine<br><br>As the oldest religion in Indonesia, Hindu becoming major religion in few provinces in Indonesia like Bali. 80% people in Bali are Hindu and it becoming important part of people’s daily life.<br><br>In hinduism, scientific research especially synthetic biology experiment that we do, is allowed, as long as it has good benefits and is not misused.  Before synthetic biology based product released, researchers should do clinical test to make sure that the product works and safe. Hinduism agreed if the scientists or researchers do animal testing to test synthetic biology based product like our Bacterial Contraception (BaCon), to obtain accurate test result and reduce the danger that may occur if the product test conduct on humans. If the product test conducted on humans, it should be done in accordance with existing regulations by considering the ethical aspect.<br><br>Since ancient time, people of Hinduism have practice Family Planning. One of the Family Planning implementation that have been done by Hindus people is : In Bali, Indonesia, there’s family planning regulation implemented hereditary.  This regulation form is limits the number of children in one family.  The highest number of chldren who maybe owned by one family is 4. The maximum number of children in one family represents by Balinese-Hindu name : Putu (1st child), Made/Ni Nengah (2nd child),  Nyoman (3rd child), and Ketut (4th child). Beside that, there’s a myth that adhered to the community, if there’s family with children more than 4, the familiy neighbor can’t bear any child at all. Because people believe this myth and have tolerance and compassion towards their neighbors, they still run the Family Planning program in order to create a harmonious social life. In addition, people perform Family Planning program that nutrition, moral, education, financial needs of their children are fullfilled(Improves child quality) and a family become prosperous. If these aspects are achieved, the children will become “Suputra”, in Hindu, a “Suputra” is a good, polite, smart, and strong child who can brings happiness to his/her parents.<br><br>In the Hindu religion, gender equality is highly valued. Men and women have equal footing and complementary roles. In Hindu, When a girl was a child she called “Putri” that equal to a boy called “Putra”. When she gets married, she will called “Ibu” that have equal role with adult men called “Ayah’. When a women grow old, she called “Devi” which means a wise crone that same with wise old men called“Deva”. This Hindu philosophy about men & women shown that men and women are equal  and must be honored. On Family Planning implementation, gender equality plays important role. To obtain gender equality, men and women  should discuss together before deciding what contraceptives they will use or or who should use the contraceptive. Contraceptional method which exist today mostly used by women and family planning program participant still dominated by women. On Hinduism perspective, this is not consider as gender inequality in Family Planning implementation, because to examine whether or not an action in family planning suit with gender equality aspect is not limited by the method, but also lies on men & women role in limi the number of children, men & women role on set the child birth spacing period, etc. If men & women work hand in hand on Family Planning Program implementation, family Planning will achieved sucess.<br><br>Family Planning implementation in Indonesia is ethical according to Hinduism view. This is ethical because it has noble goals like : Increasing family’s welfare, reduce maternal & newborn mortality rate, incresing women & children health, reducing poverty, etc. Not only that, but also Family Planning in performance in Indonesia is well monitored & controlled. So, it will prevents the missused of the contraceptional methods.<br><br>Every contraceptional method, wheter it’s permanent or reversible are allowed to use according to Hinduism believe, for man & woman tied up in a legal marriage. If a couple don’t want to have children anymore, they can choose tubectomy or vasectomy for their contracaptive . If a couple wants to have a child someday, they can choose pills, IUD, condoms, or other reversible contrceptive methods. Bacterial Contraception (BaCon), as our team inovative contraceptional method, are allowed to used by people, based on Hinduism  believe.It’s allowed to used by people because it solves some problems that people face during Family Palanning Program implemenation, due to it’s effectiveness, reveribility, applicable, minimum side effects, etc.  BaCon, as bacterial based contraceptive may have several risk, for humans and the environment.  To prevent this, resercher should do cinical test on animal, do clinical test on human with different body charecteristics,  and make sure that the product’s system control works properly.<br><br>Last but not least, in the future after this product highly produced, UI iGEM team as an inventor should take part to control BaCon’sdistribution. BaCon should only be used for couples who have legally marriage. To prevent the missused of BaCon, BaCon should not be sold freely and labelled as a drug prescription.<br><br><b>B. Buddha</b><br>Interviwees : Direjawati (Monk at Vihara Lalitavistara, Ancol, Jakarta, Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : http://www.walubi.or.id/wacana/wacana_dw_39.shtml,http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html<br><br>Buddhist brought by Sidharta Gautama on 6 BC. There’re 1.703.254 Buddhists in Indonesia or 0,72% of total population in Indonesia.<br><br>In Buddhism, synthetic biology researches are allowed. Humans are not forbidden to manipulate living creature. As long as it is used for good purposes and should not kill the living beings.<br><br>In Buddhism perspective, Family Planning Program is not a forbidden thing. It’s a goverment program to be implemented by it’s citizen. In Tripitaka (Buddhis Holy Book), there’re no rules about the ideal number of children in a family, it’s family’s own right to decide it, as long as the family can support their children morally and materially. Beside that, a family is allowed to limits the number of their children due to medical and economical reason. Family Planning implementation is allowed in Buddhism because it has some positive impacts like : Trying to prevent their children from crime, Teach them to do good, Provide a good education for their children, Marry off their children with a suitable partner, Give the inheritance to his children at the right time.<br><br>The usage of contraceptional method in Family Planning program is allowed in Buddhis religion. But,contraceptional method which prevents the growth of the fetus in the womb after conception like emergency contraceptive pills, it is not justified in Buddhism, because “Patisandhi Vinnana” (new spirit/soul in Buddhism) has been included in the uterus, including murder and violated the precepts. Wherease, a contraceptive which prevents sperm penetrate the ovum, it is Justified in Buddhism, because “Patisandhi Vinnana” yet in the womb and not break the precepts.<br><br>Based on Buddhism view, Bacterial Contraception (BaCon) as our engineered bacteria based product, may be used because our team engineered the safe bacteria for human for novel purpose and our team doesn’t mean to hurt or kill any living creature. Beside that, our product mechanism is to produce SboA (Spermicidal Protein) to stop the sperm’s movement. So, our product mechanism is prevents sperm penetrate the ovum, that means, our product can be used by Buddhists.<br><br><b>C. Protestant Christianity</b><br>Interviewees : A. Yohanes (Reverend at Gereja Bethel Indonesia (GBI)/Bethel Chruch Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : http://bioethics.gov/sites/default/files/Contributions-of-Christian-Thought-to-Assessments-of-Synthetic-Biology.pdf,http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html<br><br>Protestant Christianity is the second major religion in Indonesia. In Indonesia , there are three provinces whose majority are Protestant , Papua, Maluku and North Sulawesi with 90 % , 91 % , 94 % of the population. Protestant Christianity was first introduced by the Dutch in the 16th century AD the influence of Calvinist and Lutheran teachings.<br><br>Synthetic biology is not forbidden in Protestant Christianity faith, but, the wise use of biosynthetic powers, like all forms of human power, will require other practices beyond rule making, self-regulation, and oversight. For these to be effective and adequate will require also the inculcation and sustenance of certain dispositions, attitudes, and habits of mind: in short, for controls to work will require the intentional formation of character as an indispensable part of scientific education and research mentoring. If we are to take into our hands the capacity to reengineer living things, to synthesize working copies of organisms or novel organisms that will take on life and reproductive capacities of their own, we will need to cultivate prudence as well as technical optimism.<br><br>Christian notions about birth control stem from church teachings rather than scripture (since the Bible says little about contraception). So beliefs about birth control tend to be based on different Christian interpretations of marriage, sex, and family. Contraception was condemned by Christianity as a barrier to God’s procreative purpose of marriage until the start of the 20th century. Protestant theologians became more willing to accept that morality should come from the conscience of each person rather than from outside teachings.<br><br>Many Christians began to consider sex as a gift from God and a positive force that could strengthen the institution of marriage if couples did not feel threatened by the possibility of having children they could not support. The majority of Protestant denominations, theologians, and churches allow contraception and may even promote family planning as an important moral good. As with all issues of Christian morality, it stresses that members use birth control as dictated by their consciences.<br><br>According to that passage, we can conclude that Bacterial Contraception (BaCon) our product inovation, are allowed to use as new contraceptional method, if we analyze through Protestant Christianity faith.<br><br><b>D. Islam</b><br>Interviewees : Dr. Zakky Mubarak (Islamic Religion Lecturer in Universitas Indonesia & Board of Naudahtul Ulama, the biggest Islamic organization in Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html,http://muslimmatters.org/2007/10/27/craig-venter-playing-god/<br><br>Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population in the world , with 85 % of the population are adherents of Islam.Islam plays important role to many aspects of life in Indonesia , including in the development of science and technology.<br><br>Genomic modification of existing life-forms, including bacteria, yeast, soy, mice, and even pigs, has routinely been used by labs all around the world for decades, to answer fundamental questions of biology. With reassurance from various shayookh that it was allowed, as long as there was a sincere intention and purpose to help humanity, and that it would not cause unnecessary harm to any of the creatures under researcher care, God-willing. Their justification came from the Islamic concept that all of Earthly creation has been placed under the stewardship of humankind, from which we are allowed to derive benefit in a responsible manner. So, as the tools and methods used in synthetic biology are not new, the project constitutes a conceptual leap in Biology, rather than a technological one.<br><br>Widespread variation on contraception attitudes can be found in the Islamic faith. Because contraception is not expressly prohibited in the Qur’an, many Muslim scholars approve of family planning. Yet, some also believe that birth control is forbidden as the Qur’an contains the command to “procreate and abound in number.” These scholars argue that only God can decide the number of children that a couple will have.<br><br>Early Sunni Muslim literature discusses various contraceptive methods, and reveals that the practice of azl (withdrawal) is morally acceptable since it was practiced by the prophet Muhammed. Sunni doctrine in favor of contraception suggests that that any contraceptive that does not produce sterility is morally the same as azl and is therefore accepted.<br><br>Despite these varying views, Islam emphasizes that procreation within the family is a religious duty, so there is unanimous rejection of sterilization and abortion. Most Islamic traditions will permit the use of birth control where maternal health is an issue or where the well-being of the family may be compromised. The Islamic faith prioritizes human life, so being able to space out births allows a mother ample time to care for each child. In Shia Islamic countries, contraception is not only taught to married couples, but is encouraged to youngsters as well. Birth control is supported for economic reasons; it helps protect the mother’s life and provide for her children.<br><br>Muslims also believe that contraception helps to preserve the attractiveness of the wife, thereby increasing the enjoyment of the marriage. For Muslim women, family planning is key to their empowerment. The Islamic faith allows a lot of latitude in interpretation, which is reflected by the various differences in family planning policies by distinct Muslim groups and countries.<br><br>Bacterial Contraception (BaCon), is our team synthetic bilogy based contraceptive is allowed to use for women as birth control tool, because it emphasize maternal health, supported for economical reason, and BaCon doesn’t cause permanent sterility, because if someone wants to get pregnant again, all she has to do is just consume xylose contained medicine. Morover, the use of engineered bacteria for contraceptive is allowed in Islamic faith, because it has goal to becomes semi permanent sperm inhibitor/spremicide, so it doesn’t need repetitive usage. After that, our product facilitate people who wants to participate in Family Planning.<br><br><b>E. Confucianism</b><br>Interviewees : Soelyono (Confucianism Lecturer on Universitas Indonesia)<br>Literature Source : http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html<br><br>After Indonesia’s reformation on 1998, Confucian religion is now officially regarded as a religion in Indonesia.<br><br>Same with what states in Buddhism faith, synthetic biology researches are allowed. Humans are not forbidden to manipulate living creature. As long as it is used for good purposes and should not kill the living beings.<br><br>Evidence of contraception goes back thousands of years in China. Chinese religions emphasize the importance of balance and harmony in the individual, the family, and society. Since having too many children can upset this balance, family planning has been a valued part of human sexuality in both Taoism and Confucianism. In the Chinese religions, sex and sexual pleasure are esteemed and celebrated along with the need for moderation.<br><br>Confucians, put more focus on procreation than on the joy and art of sex. Confucians are not as open to birth control as they are more sensitive to any restriction on their God-given right to procreate. However, they still believe that a husband and wife have an obligation to practice family planning.<br><br><b>F. Catholic Christianity</b><br>Literature Source : http://contraception.about.com/od/additionalresources/ss/religion.html,http://www.katolisitas.org/1632/tentang-kondom-dan-kb-alamiah,http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01887.x/abstract<br><br>Some religious believers may see synthetic biology as usurping God's creative role. The Catholic Church has yet to issue a formal teaching on the field. The Church's teachings on scientific and biotech research show that it is likely to have a generally positive disposition to synbio, if it and its products can be acceptably safe. Proper evaluation of, and protection against, risk will be a significant factor in determining the morality of the research. If the risks can be minimized through regulation or other means, then the Church is likely to be supportive. The Church will also critique the social and legal environment in which the research is done, evaluating issues such as the patenting of scientific discoveries and of life.<br><br>The Roman Catholic Church forbids sex outside marriage, so its teachings aboutcontraception should be understood within the context of a husband and wife. Catholicism is the only major faith in the Indonesia that forbids the use of contraception. The Church teaches that sex must be both unitive and procreative, so its against all chemicaland barrier methods of birth control and considers them morally unacceptable -- claiming artificial birth control methods impede the procreative aspect of sex, making contraception sinful.<br><br>Natural family planning such as periodic abstinence is the only contraceptive method sanctioned by the Church. The catechism of the Catholic Church claims sex has a twofold purpose: &rdquo;the good of the spouses themselves and the transmission of life (2363).&rdquo; Still, most Catholics disagree with the prohibition of birth control; in fact, surveys find that approximately 90% of sexually active Catholic women of childbearing age use a birth control method forbidden by the church.<br><br><b>Conclusion</b><br><br>Science inovation like synthetic biology development is permitted on every major religion in Indonesia. Almost all major Religion in Indonesia to allow the use of contraceptives on Family Planning program implementation, although the permitted contraceptional methods are different on each religion. Gender equality on Family Planning implementation is highly concerned & valued thing in all religion. Men and women should have equal responsibility to accomplish Family Planning success.Application of synthetic biology for contraceptional method like Bacterial Contraception (BaCon) we made are allowed by most of major religion in Indonesia due to it’s noble goals, effectiveness, and also it reversibility. The use of contraceptional method, including contraceptives mad form engineered bacteria/GMO (BaCon), is allowed in almost all religions. As long as it is used by couples who tied in legal marriage.<br><br>Scientists, Government, Academician, Industries, Practitioners, NGOs, and also society should work together to control and monitor Bacterial Contraception (BaCon) distribution, to prevent some harmful effects that may occur, like : products used by unmaried couple, prostitution, sexual harassement, and even biological weapon for genocide. The Government should make policy about BaCon production & distribution Researchers have to work hard to make ideal kill switch/toggle switch. So, when an outbreak occurs, the engineered bacteria wouldn’t contaminate the environment and endanger humans health.<br><br>Finally, we could say that our product is in accordance with religious norms prevailing in Indonesia , making it feasible to adequate for.";

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