Difference between revisions of "Team: Purdue/Enzymes"
(Adding cell wall image) |
(Fixing cell wall diagram) |
||
| Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
<h4>Xylanase</h4> | <h4>Xylanase</h4> | ||
<p>Xylanase is an enzyme responsible for breaking down xylan, a sticky substance that like cellulose, is a component of the cell wall in plants that is not easily broken down. Xylans are made of five and six carbon ring polysaccharides. Xylan is dispersed evenly throughout the cell wall, connecting cellulose components. This is achieved by degrading beta-1,4- xylan into a simple sugar, xylose. Xylanases are used primarily in baking and alcoholic beverages, but also in producing starch for the textile industry. </p> | <p>Xylanase is an enzyme responsible for breaking down xylan, a sticky substance that like cellulose, is a component of the cell wall in plants that is not easily broken down. Xylans are made of five and six carbon ring polysaccharides. Xylan is dispersed evenly throughout the cell wall, connecting cellulose components. This is achieved by degrading beta-1,4- xylan into a simple sugar, xylose. Xylanases are used primarily in baking and alcoholic beverages, but also in producing starch for the textile industry. </p> | ||
| − | <img src="BackgroundXylanaseDiagramPlantCellWall.jpeg" alt="Cell Wall Diagram" style="width:228px;height:337px;"> | + | <img src="https://2015.igem.org/File:BackgroundXylanaseDiagramPlantCellWall.jpeg" alt="Cell Wall Diagram" style="width:228px;height:337px;"> |
<br> | <br> | ||
<h4>Sources:</h4> | <h4>Sources:</h4> | ||
Revision as of 00:51, 19 September 2015
Enzymes
Lignin Peroxidase
Suraj's words here
Versatile Peroxidase
Erich's word here
Manganese Peroxidase
Suraj's words here
Laccase
Erich's words here
Tyrosinase
Erich's words here
Aldo-Keto Reductase
Aldo-Keto Reductase
Aldo-Keto Reductases are a family of enzymes with NADPH dependent oxidoreductases. Oxidoreductases work in the transfer of electrons, moving electrons from one molecule to another, or from reductants to oxidants. AKRs are expressed in all plants and animals. They play a role in the human body working to detoxify pharmaceuticals and drugs in the liver. Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) have also been found to be highly expressed in the termite gut. A similar mechanism occurs in the termite gut, where toxins released from the breakdown of lignin are mediated by AKRs. AKRs have a beta-alpha-beta fold which binds via a NADP-binding motif. According to Dr. Michael Scharf, these aldo-keto reductases work as helper enzymes that exponentially aid in the digestion and breakdown of lignin, but are not as effective on their own.
Sources:
Cellulase
Cellulase is an enzyme that plays a large role in the decomposition of cellulose. Specifically this enzyme works on the hydrolysis of the beta glycosidic linkages, precisely 1,4-beta-D-glycosidic linkages, in cellulose. Cellulase is not present in the human body, therefore the cellulose present in plant materials that are consumed never become broken down and are passed through the body. The main function of cellulase is to break down cellulose into monosaccharides or oligosaccharides that can be used in several ways. Cellulase is often used to make the raw materials in plants soluble for use in products like juices, alcoholic beverages, feed additives, and washing agents.
Sources:
Xylanase
Xylanase is an enzyme responsible for breaking down xylan, a sticky substance that like cellulose, is a component of the cell wall in plants that is not easily broken down. Xylans are made of five and six carbon ring polysaccharides. Xylan is dispersed evenly throughout the cell wall, connecting cellulose components. This is achieved by degrading beta-1,4- xylan into a simple sugar, xylose. Xylanases are used primarily in baking and alcoholic beverages, but also in producing starch for the textile industry.
