Difference between revisions of "Team:Bordeaux/Practices"
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<li> The production of minimal genomes and simplified organisms where new functions can be added to realize a task. This approach is often used for the optimization of existing processes. </li> | <li> The production of minimal genomes and simplified organisms where new functions can be added to realize a task. This approach is often used for the optimization of existing processes. </li> | ||
<li> The synthesis of a whole synthetic genome that will be inserted in existing cell hosts or in synthetic cells. This field of synthetic biology may help scientists to understand how living organisms are created. </li> | <li> The synthesis of a whole synthetic genome that will be inserted in existing cell hosts or in synthetic cells. This field of synthetic biology may help scientists to understand how living organisms are created. </li> | ||
− | </ul> | + | </ul> </p> |
<br> | <br> | ||
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+ | <p align="justify">The organisms which come from these approaches can be used in both industrial applications (for example to produce drugs, biofuels, biomass or biopesticides) and in basic research as tools like biosensors (exemple) or against pollution (exemple). </p> | ||
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<p align="center"><i>With birth of synthetic biology, many possible fields conducting to different experiments in science permit the intellectual and technical expansion. <b>Bioethics</b> is necessary to prevent researcher about its <b>ethical limits</b>.</i></p> | <p align="center"><i>With birth of synthetic biology, many possible fields conducting to different experiments in science permit the intellectual and technical expansion. <b>Bioethics</b> is necessary to prevent researcher about its <b>ethical limits</b>.</i></p> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
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<h5 align="center" >The responsibilities of the researcher for synthetic biology</h5> | <h5 align="center" >The responsibilities of the researcher for synthetic biology</h5> | ||
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<p align="justify">However, the researcher cannot be the only one in charge of the safety and ethics of his research. Creating guidelines and a legal framework is essential for safety reasons and to reassure the general public. In Europe, there is no law specifically concerning synthetic biology but synthetic biology is framed by common biology laws (exemple du Mr) and ethic committees set up by the European Union. | <p align="justify">However, the researcher cannot be the only one in charge of the safety and ethics of his research. Creating guidelines and a legal framework is essential for safety reasons and to reassure the general public. In Europe, there is no law specifically concerning synthetic biology but synthetic biology is framed by common biology laws (exemple du Mr) and ethic committees set up by the European Union. | ||
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<br>Among these committees we can state: | <br>Among these committees we can state: | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
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<li> The Inter-service Group on Ethics and EU policies </li> | <li> The Inter-service Group on Ethics and EU policies </li> | ||
<li> The Executive Management for Research and Innovation </li> | <li> The Executive Management for Research and Innovation </li> | ||
− | </ul> | + | </ul> </p> |
<br> | <br> | ||
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− | <br>Thanks to the laws concerning ethical aspects of science (ref) and projects like SYNBIOSAFE that focus on synthetic biology, many ethical questions arose on synthetic biology and we have tried to answer them in the clearest way possible. Therefore, not only law may limit synthetic biology. Aspects concerning Politics, Economy, and Philosophy could influence the bioethics questions. | + | <p align="justify">Specifically for synthetic biology, a European project called SYNBIOSAFE approved by the European Commission has focused on ethics and safety of synthetic biology. In 2012, it published an <a href="http://www.biofaction.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/igem-biosafety-2013.pdf" target="_blank">article</a> concerning the bioethical and biosafety attentions in iGEM competitions. |
+ | <br>Thanks to the laws concerning ethical aspects of science (ref) and projects like SYNBIOSAFE that focus on synthetic biology, many ethical questions arose on synthetic biology and we have tried to answer them in the clearest way possible. Therefore, not only law may limit synthetic biology. Aspects concerning Politics, Economy, and Philosophy could influence the bioethics questions. </p> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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+ | <!-- SAFETY SECURITY --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --> | ||
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+ | <section align="center"> | ||
+ | <div class="content-wrapper"> | ||
+ | <div class="col-lg-10 col-lg-offset-1"> | ||
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+ | <h3> Safety </h3> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
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+ | <p align="justify"> To avoid confusion about the terms "biosecurity", "biosafety" and "biohazard", some people gave a definition of each of these terms. </p> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li align="justify"> Biosafety describes principles, technologies and containment practices put in place to avoid accidents and unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins.</li> | ||
+ | <li align="justify"> Biosecurity describes the protection measures put in place and management of important biological materials in laboratories, in order to prevent them from being accessed without authorization.</li> | ||
+ | <li align="justify"> Biohazard includes, in this case, both biosafety and biosecurity.</li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <p> <b> Reference </b> : <a href =" http://www.ambafrance-uk.org/Biosecurite-dans-les-laboratoires"> http://www.ambafrance-uk.org/Biosecurite-dans-les-laboratoires </a> </p> | ||
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+ | <p align="justify"> The team who worked in the lab has received instructions of lab safety with safety training.</p> | ||
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+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li align="justify"> We learned about acting in case of an accident, where to find emergency showers, fire extinguishers and emergency doors. </li> | ||
+ | <li align="justify"> Some requirements were discussed as wearing gloves and lab coat for most procedures. In some cases, during the use of ethidium bromide, nitrile gloves are mandatory. Other experiments must be conducted with safety glasses. It is also recommended to wear clothes offering a minimum of protection. </li> | ||
+ | <li align="justify"> We also learned about working with chemicals products and how to dispose of them. Most products used are classified as non-hazardous (even for the sulfation protocol). Chemical products are just irritants and so handle it with gloves. In the lab, there is a specific solvent cabinet for liquid wastes. </li> | ||
+ | <li align="justify"> Moreover, all biological waste will be autoclaved before disposal. All work is done on benches or under open-front hoods. </li> | ||
+ | <li align="justify"> We worked with non-toxic organisms as <i> Escherichia coli </i>(BL21) and <i> Saccharomyces cerevisiae </i>(Invsc1) but, all waste that has been in contact with bacteria was put to bacterial waste in aseptic conditions. </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
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+ | <br> | ||
+ | <p align="justify"> On another hand, our project intends to use a polysaccharide which is synthetically produced by our genetically modified organisms but it already exists in nature. This molecule is naturally present in yeast’s wall, and doesn’t have a bad known impact on the environment. Compared to copper sulfate which is a toxic compound this molecule seems to be more eco-friendly. Indeed, this metal isn’t biodegradable; used many times to treat Downy Mildew, it is accumulated on the soil and the vineyards are polluted. For worms and micro-organisms living in vineyards soils, this compound is toxic, so it alters the biosphere. The hydric and air erosion contribute to the diffusion of copper in the transfer of pollution. </p> | ||
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+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </section> | ||
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Revision as of 22:33, 5 August 2015