Project

Overview

Very often, the risks related to the safety of a genetically modified organism (GEO), except for a possible toxicity or pathogenicity of the organism, correspond to the spread of GEO. Most laws, "guidelines" and associations related to the Biosafety agree in trying to prevent the spread of any living modified organism. They suggest a precautionary approach whose main purpose is the protection of the environment and human health. This is clearly stipulated in the Cartagena protocol on Biosafety (international Convention on Biological Diversity): "The Protocol seeks to protect biological diversity from the potential Risks Posed by living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting and from modern biotechnology". Synthetic biology fits especially into the definition of "modern biotechnology". Indeed, biological machines designed in the iGEM competition, and more generally in synthetic biology, do not exist in nature and can be randomly introduced into existing natural biomass through undesired cross interactions.

This is why the scientific community is unanimous in saying that the "biosafety mechanisms" are essential and will ensure the neutralization of the living device created outside the laboratory conditions under which it was generated. Thus, any alleged dissemination would be impossible.

These mechanisms can be of several types, the most famous examples are the suicide genes (encoding RNAse, DNase https://2012.igem.org/Team:Paris_Bettencourt) and/or the establishment of a nutrient dependency, where the selected nutrient does not exist in the external environment.

We reviewed previous iGEM projects over the last decade and found that despite the crucial aspect of biosafety in synthetic biology and iGEM, especially for projects registered in "Environment" and "Health / Medicine" track, it happens that no biosafety mechanism is designed, or even considered. This may be due to lack of time or resources on the part of teams preferring to focus on developing their basic idea by putting safety into the background. This reason is understandable given the complexity of the challenge of Biosafety.

Our solution

In this context, the 2015 iGEM Paris Saclay team has decided to focus its project entirely on Biosafety. The goal is to provide the community with an original system able to prevent or at least significantly reduce the main danger: the spread of GEO. This system will include a chassis called SafetE.coli and can be used by all future iGEM teams, which will be a great time-saver and will give an easy access to requirements in terms of safety to all iGEMERS. In addition to this system, our project also includes a brand new encapsulation device also intended to prevent the escape of Genetically Engineered Coli.

Environment Contamination Evaluation

We decided to experimentally simulate a GEO spreading in the environment in order to evaluate the survival rate of genetically modified E. coli strains. To achieve such purpose, we collected different natural media such as soil, sea and fresh water in which we introduced growth culture of different E. coli strains. Then, each day, samples from these contaminated environments were withdrawn and plated on a selective medium to observe the evolution of the strains’ survival.

Physical containment

Considering the non-negligible risk of escape of a GEO, we wanted to add an extra layer of safety in our project. Therefore, we devised a way to physically contain E. coli and other bacteria without hindering it to perform its main function. Indeed, the system we designed is a porous glass beam in which bacteria can grow, survive and carry out their function. The nutrients of the external medium, like sugars, amino acids, etc. can penetrate inside the devise but the bacteria cannot escape from it.

Thus, the SafetE.coli chassis can be in a safer manner in contact with natural environments, which is an important aspect when the project competes in iGEM competition tracks such as Environment (lien) or Health and Medicine.

Some teams include in their project a devise, more or less sophisticated, in which the GEO or their products will perform its function. Here we can cite the 2014 project of NCTU Formosa where we can found an example of such devise: The pyramid trap (lien) containing PBAN (Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide) produced by a Genetically Engineered Escherichia coli. However, other teams do not have the time or means to do as well.

Thus, the 2015 Paris Saclay team project offers to all iGEM teams a fast, efficient and inexpensive way to build an impenetrable shelter for bacteria.

The Temperature-Based System for E. coli: SafetE.coli

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin sit amet lacus vestibulum, cursus nisl non, volutpat nulla. Integer quis nulla nisl. Etiam sagittis sagittis dolor quis sagittis. Proin velit eros, porttitor quis dictum in, blandit eu nulla. Nam eu nibh consectetur, laoreet felis at, consectetur est. Aenean ornare, nisl in tincidunt consequat, arcu justo volutpat lacus, vel placerat orci dolor eu enim. Vivamus vitae mollis dui, sed ultrices sem.

Etiam neque lectus, scelerisque vitae justo at, molestie gravida est. Quisque in nulla tincidunt, maximus nisi sit amet, fringilla velit. Donec id massa diam. Curabitur posuere mi tellus, ut vulputate ligula auctor a. Integer molestie eu metus vitae auctor. Maecenas id suscipit ligula. Vestibulum auctor eget velit at bibendum. Quisque congue sed sapien eget pharetra. Morbi euismod sagittis tortor, cursus commodo augue placerat id. Aliquam erat volutpat.

Suspendisse potenti. Aenean ac gravida leo, eget ultrices eros. Nunc quis turpis nec purus aliquam porttitor. Mauris vitae elementum lorem. Praesent molestie congue molestie. Vivamus nec mi sed neque volutpat consectetur. Sed vitae elementum dolor. Aenean quis faucibus sapien, ac tristique magna. Curabitur augue elit, vulputate ut massa at, posuere tempus mi. Vestibulum ullamcorper, augue eget vehicula consectetur, elit ex fringilla justo, eu scelerisque arcu ante sed risus.

Sed ac nulla sit amet urna hendrerit ornare ut id odio. Nam euismod consectetur pharetra. Donec facilisis egestas tincidunt. Mauris ut libero nec sapien maximus consequat non varius magna. Donec interdum bibendum urna, vel vehicula sem fermentum vel. Vivamus a semper justo, in porttitor eros. Ut tempus tempus facilisis. Morbi pretium augue ut leo volutpat laoreet. Mauris rhoncus dui non nisl gravida aliquet. Integer a leo ut mi molestie pellentesque id eu orci. Fusce lobortis justo metus, a facilisis orci congue eget. Nunc accumsan eget nunc lacinia eleifend. Nullam mi neque, sodales ac sagittis quis, pellentesque porta orci. Vestibulum ultricies tortor ante, vulputate convallis felis lobortis ornare.

Morbi vehicula, lacus a sollicitudin porta, lectus arcu tristique tortor, ut tincidunt sem metus et arcu. Duis non tellus facilisis dui convallis sagittis in in arcu. Proin dictum ligula diam, sit amet ullamcorper diam facilisis sed. Fusce tortor eros, tempus vel dignissim rhoncus, placerat ac lacus. Sed aliquam felis ut lacus aliquet, vel dapibus nisl eleifend. Curabitur sodales justo eget lectus commodo convallis. Fusce eu nibh facilisis, posuere diam a, congue neque. Cras sapien urna, aliquam fringilla ex vel, aliquam porttitor erat. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Nunc imperdiet mi placerat enim cursus lacinia. Vivamus interdum a sapien sed convallis. Sed et elementum tellus, non accumsan turpis. Duis consequat dolor eros, at posuere libero ultricies id.

Perspectives

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin sit amet lacus vestibulum, cursus nisl non, volutpat nulla. Integer quis nulla nisl. Etiam sagittis sagittis dolor quis sagittis. Proin velit eros, porttitor quis dictum in, blandit eu nulla. Nam eu nibh consectetur, laoreet felis at, consectetur est. Aenean ornare, nisl in tincidunt consequat, arcu justo volutpat lacus, vel placerat orci dolor eu enim. Vivamus vitae mollis dui, sed ultrices sem.

Etiam neque lectus, scelerisque vitae justo at, molestie gravida est. Quisque in nulla tincidunt, maximus nisi sit amet, fringilla velit. Donec id massa diam. Curabitur posuere mi tellus, ut vulputate ligula auctor a. Integer molestie eu metus vitae auctor. Maecenas id suscipit ligula. Vestibulum auctor eget velit at bibendum. Quisque congue sed sapien eget pharetra. Morbi euismod sagittis tortor, cursus commodo augue placerat id. Aliquam erat volutpat.

Suspendisse potenti. Aenean ac gravida leo, eget ultrices eros. Nunc quis turpis nec purus aliquam porttitor. Mauris vitae elementum lorem. Praesent molestie congue molestie. Vivamus nec mi sed neque volutpat consectetur. Sed vitae elementum dolor. Aenean quis faucibus sapien, ac tristique magna. Curabitur augue elit, vulputate ut massa at, posuere tempus mi. Vestibulum ullamcorper, augue eget vehicula consectetur, elit ex fringilla justo, eu scelerisque arcu ante sed risus.

Sed ac nulla sit amet urna hendrerit ornare ut id odio. Nam euismod consectetur pharetra. Donec facilisis egestas tincidunt. Mauris ut libero nec sapien maximus consequat non varius magna. Donec interdum bibendum urna, vel vehicula sem fermentum vel. Vivamus a semper justo, in porttitor eros. Ut tempus tempus facilisis. Morbi pretium augue ut leo volutpat laoreet. Mauris rhoncus dui non nisl gravida aliquet. Integer a leo ut mi molestie pellentesque id eu orci. Fusce lobortis justo metus, a facilisis orci congue eget. Nunc accumsan eget nunc lacinia eleifend. Nullam mi neque, sodales ac sagittis quis, pellentesque porta orci. Vestibulum ultricies tortor ante, vulputate convallis felis lobortis ornare.

Morbi vehicula, lacus a sollicitudin porta, lectus arcu tristique tortor, ut tincidunt sem metus et arcu. Duis non tellus facilisis dui convallis sagittis in in arcu. Proin dictum ligula diam, sit amet ullamcorper diam facilisis sed. Fusce tortor eros, tempus vel dignissim rhoncus, placerat ac lacus. Sed aliquam felis ut lacus aliquet, vel dapibus nisl eleifend. Curabitur sodales justo eget lectus commodo convallis. Fusce eu nibh facilisis, posuere diam a, congue neque. Cras sapien urna, aliquam fringilla ex vel, aliquam porttitor erat. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Nunc imperdiet mi placerat enim cursus lacinia. Vivamus interdum a sapien sed convallis. Sed et elementum tellus, non accumsan turpis. Duis consequat dolor eros, at posuere libero ultricies id.

Modeling

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin sit amet lacus vestibulum, cursus nisl non, volutpat nulla. Integer quis nulla nisl. Etiam sagittis sagittis dolor quis sagittis. Proin velit eros, porttitor quis dictum in, blandit eu nulla. Nam eu nibh consectetur, laoreet felis at, consectetur est. Aenean ornare, nisl in tincidunt consequat, arcu justo volutpat lacus, vel placerat orci dolor eu enim. Vivamus vitae mollis dui, sed ultrices sem.

Etiam neque lectus, scelerisque vitae justo at, molestie gravida est. Quisque in nulla tincidunt, maximus nisi sit amet, fringilla velit. Donec id massa diam. Curabitur posuere mi tellus, ut vulputate ligula auctor a. Integer molestie eu metus vitae auctor. Maecenas id suscipit ligula. Vestibulum auctor eget velit at bibendum. Quisque congue sed sapien eget pharetra. Morbi euismod sagittis tortor, cursus commodo augue placerat id. Aliquam erat volutpat.

Suspendisse potenti. Aenean ac gravida leo, eget ultrices eros. Nunc quis turpis nec purus aliquam porttitor. Mauris vitae elementum lorem. Praesent molestie congue molestie. Vivamus nec mi sed neque volutpat consectetur. Sed vitae elementum dolor. Aenean quis faucibus sapien, ac tristique magna. Curabitur augue elit, vulputate ut massa at, posuere tempus mi. Vestibulum ullamcorper, augue eget vehicula consectetur, elit ex fringilla justo, eu scelerisque arcu ante sed risus.

Sed ac nulla sit amet urna hendrerit ornare ut id odio. Nam euismod consectetur pharetra. Donec facilisis egestas tincidunt. Mauris ut libero nec sapien maximus consequat non varius magna. Donec interdum bibendum urna, vel vehicula sem fermentum vel. Vivamus a semper justo, in porttitor eros. Ut tempus tempus facilisis. Morbi pretium augue ut leo volutpat laoreet. Mauris rhoncus dui non nisl gravida aliquet. Integer a leo ut mi molestie pellentesque id eu orci. Fusce lobortis justo metus, a facilisis orci congue eget. Nunc accumsan eget nunc lacinia eleifend. Nullam mi neque, sodales ac sagittis quis, pellentesque porta orci. Vestibulum ultricies tortor ante, vulputate convallis felis lobortis ornare.

Morbi vehicula, lacus a sollicitudin porta, lectus arcu tristique tortor, ut tincidunt sem metus et arcu. Duis non tellus facilisis dui convallis sagittis in in arcu. Proin dictum ligula diam, sit amet ullamcorper diam facilisis sed. Fusce tortor eros, tempus vel dignissim rhoncus, placerat ac lacus. Sed aliquam felis ut lacus aliquet, vel dapibus nisl eleifend. Curabitur sodales justo eget lectus commodo convallis. Fusce eu nibh facilisis, posuere diam a, congue neque. Cras sapien urna, aliquam fringilla ex vel, aliquam porttitor erat. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Nunc imperdiet mi placerat enim cursus lacinia. Vivamus interdum a sapien sed convallis. Sed et elementum tellus, non accumsan turpis. Duis consequat dolor eros, at posuere libero ultricies id.

Team:Paris Saclay/Description

Project

Overview

Our solution

Environment Contamination Evaluation

Physical containment

The Temperature-Based System for E. coli: SafetE.coli

Perspectives

Modeling