To build your own continous OD device several components and some working steps are needed. Of those this page will inform you.
Materials required
- Electrical:
- 1 LED Dialight 5502505F[1]
- 1 TSL 235 R photo transistor[2]
- 1 180 Ohm resistor
- several wires with male endings in at least three different colours (red, blue and green are prefered)
- shrink tubes with different diameters
- a soldering iron and soldering tin
- Mechanical and biological:
- 2 3D printed brackets
- 4 M3 screws (20 mm long)
- black silicon tube (inner diameter 1 mm)
- black silicon tube (inner diameter 3 mm)
- 1 HPLC vial inlet
- transparent and flexible filter with a transmittance peak at around 605 nm
- transparent glue strips
- hot glue or plastic glue
TSL 235 R
The TSL 235 R is a light to frequency converter. The higher the intensity of the light, the higher is the frequency of an oscillating signal the transistor gives on the signal pin. Every time the signal rises from the minimum to the maximum we have a so-called rising edge. In the Arduino each of those rising edges causes an interrupt and an interrupt function that increments a counter is executed. After a determined time we check how high this counter has risen, send this value to the MCP and set the counter to zero to count the edges in the next measunring interval.
This procedure is known as frequency counting. With a higher OD the intensity of light falling onto the transistor decreases and we count lesser values. In the MCP the transmitted values are compared to a calibration curve and hereby we can determine the OD of the liquid.
To get more precise values we can increase the measurement time in the Arduino firmware, with lesser times we get values more frequent. But everytime we change the measurement time, we have to calibrate the device again.
LED Dialight 5502505F
The used LED emits light with a spectrum at around 600 nm. As in biology for OD measurement mostly 605 nm is used, we attach a red filter with a transmiitance peak at this wavelenght to measure with the same wavelenght as in common OD devices.
If the LED is operated with too much current it will get destroyed. To avoid this it is necessary to use a 180 Ohm resistor in series with the LED when we connect it to the 5 V of the Arduino.
Assembly
LED
- Bend up the pins, comming out of the LED.
- Take a red and a blue wire, cut the connectors on one end of each wire and pull thinn shrink tubes (1 cm length) over the cut end. Then pull a bigger shrink tube (3 - 4 cm length) over both of the wires.
- Solder the red wire to the positive pin (VDD)(see picture) and the blue one to the negative pin (GND). The easiest way to solder the wires and to avoid the LED from heating up is first to apply some soldering tin on the cut ends of the wires and only then connect it to the pins of the LED with short touches of the soldering iron. After each soldering place the thinn shrink tube over the soldered connection between LED and wire and heat the tube until it shrinks.
- Pull the big shrink tube over the smaller ones and shrink it. The small shrink tubes are necessary to avoid short circuits and the big one stabilizes the connection.
- Before connecting the LED to any voltage source make sure that a proper resistor is in series with the LED. In case of the provided circuit the 180 Ohm resistor is suitable and must be placed in the designated position.
- in the provided circuit the wires must be plucked in the designated connectors. If you use another circuit, the red red wire goes to 5V and the blue wire to ground, but take care of a resistor in series.
Photo transistor
- Carefully bend the connectors by 90 degree that they stand at right angles to the head of the transistor.
- Take a red, a blue and a green wire and cut the connectors one one end of each wire and pull thinn shrink tubes (1 cm length) over the cut ends. Then pul a bigger shrink tube over all three wires.
- Solder the red wire to the positive pin (VDD)(see picture), the blue one to the negative pin (GND) and the green one to the signal pin (SIGNAL). The easiest way to solder the wires and to avoid the LED from heating up is first to apply some soldering tin on the cut ends of the wires and only then connect it to the pins of the transistor with short touches of the soldering iron. After each soldering place the thinn shrink tube over the soldered connection between transistor pin and wire and heat the tube until it shrinks.
- Pull the big shrink tube over the smaller ones and shrink it. The small shrink tubes are necessary to avoid short circuits and the big one stabilizes the connection.
- Connect the wires to the designated connectors if you use the provided circuit. Else the red wire must be connected to 5V, the blue wire to ground and the green wire provides the oscillating signal.
Glass structure
- Cut the thinn end of the HPLC vial inlet with a drill and a cutting disk.
- Apply the thinn black silicon tube at the cut, thinn end of the vial inlet and the thick tube at the thick end. The thinn end has to have length around 3 cm.
Assembling the device
To assemble the device need not to be attached to the circuit.
- Drip a drop of hot glue in the holes for the transistor and the LED structure of one of the brackets and place the prepared structures. Take care that the light can fall optimal through the light channel.
- Press a needle into the septum and connect the thinn black silicon tube of the glass structure to the needle. Apply all the other tubes and autoclave the whole system.
- Cut a 1.5 cm x 2 cm piece from the red filter, wrap it around the vial inlet and fix it with a transparent glue strip.
- Pull the tubes through the hole in the OD fastening structure and place the vial inlet in the designated hole. Then place the other bracket and fasten it with four M3 screws.
- Attach the wires to the designated connectors.
References