Team:Bordeaux/Template:PolicyPracticesEconomy
In 2010, each hectar or grapevine had received around 16 chemical treatments (this number was 15 in 2006) and varies greatly between regions. Amongst the biological threats on grapevine, mushroom parasites are far ahead of insects and fungi (12 fungicides are used against 2 insecticides and 2 weedkillers). Over 95% of the fongicide treatments in 2010 were due to mildew and oidium, sicknesses that are favorized by rain, humidity and heat. They bring the global quality of the wine down by reducing it's composition in phenols and sugars The risc of contamination on the leaves begin during the period where the floral buds and futur grapes are growing and lasts until the moment when the grapes touch each other. The sensibility period between oidium and mildew have common momments and vinyards don't heasitate to mix anti-mildew and anti-oidium solutions making the concentrations of these chemicals twice more concentrated in the grounds. What are the problems with these treatments? Are they really efficient? To have a really efficient treatment what would you need? Our iGEM team has been following this year's effect of mildew closely reading the official vineyard mildew bulletins available on the vinopole website. We can see on the graph that there is a significant increase of mildew on parcels that haven't been treated with copper sulfate (TNT)whereas it's evolution on treated parcels seams to be more controlable. this proves that downy mildew is still a constant threat to vineyards. Aquitaine is one of the regions where the risks are the highest at the moment. However, the weather conditions are positive for the fllowing weeks since pluviometry is expected to decrease, rendering the conditions unfavorable to the development of downy mildew. To try to see the effect that mildew has on wine producers iGEM Bordeaux contacted numerous castles in the region and attended the two biggest wine assemblies in Bordeaux: La foire au vin and Vinexpo. This allowed us to speak to the roducers on how much their production is threatened by oomycetes such as mildew and to see if thy would eventually be interested in an alternative preventive solution that would be eco-friendly. At the same time, this allowed us to search for sponsors in the region to raise money for our labwork to be continued ... Read more at http://www.lavigne-mag.fr/actualites/bordeaux-enquete-sur-une-attaque-imprevue-de-mildiou-105408.html#JrRQ87eWGid6OCFo.99 Downy mildew requires optimum conditions to reproduce and infect. A warm, moist, and humid environment is required. Studies in Sicily have shown optimum time for oospore germination is between the end of February and the middle of March. With this understanding, if fungicides are used just before these conditions occur, and have proven to be efficient measures. Other methods include proper watering, and a good location where the plant can receive continual sunlight. Economy
This year, mildew outburst are worrying vineyards in Aquitaine
A bit of History
little comics ?
iGEM Bordeaux: Contacting vineyards
