Team:HSNU-TAIPEI/Project/Aflatoxin

 Aflatoxin

 ✡ Introduction

   (1)Why do we detect Aflatoxin?

   黃麴毒素常見在花生、五穀雜糧裡，若放置在25～26度的地方時，就容易受到

   毒素的汙染，然而餿水油中含有很毒的黃麴毒素[1]，而黃麴毒素會累積在人體的

   人體的肝與 腎，有傷肝、肝硬化的風險，加上台灣B肝帶原者人數又多，若再受

   到餿水油的毒害，容易引發肝病或是造成洗腎。

   而黃麴毒素種類眾多，像黃麴毒素B1、B2、G1 及、G2 四種。黃麴毒素B1又是

   對於人體傷害最大[2]，所以我們決定偵測黃麴毒素B1。

   (2)Harm?

   黃麴毒素對身體的影響主要是在肝臟，若誤食含高劑量黃麴毒素的食物會造成

   肝臟壞死及急性的肝衰竭，爾後隨著病程的發展，有可能會進一步的發展成肝

   硬化或是引發肝癌[2]。

   (3)Taiwanese regulation

[3]

   (4)National regulation

   1.groundnuts, nuts, dried fruit and processed products of such products or food

   additives: B1 aflatoxin not exceed 2ug / kg (ppb), and B1, B2, G1, G2 sum not

   exceeding 4ug / kg.

   2.for the storage or not for direct human consumption's peanuts: B1 aflatoxin 8ug / kg,

   and B1, B2, G1, G2 sum shall not exceed 15ug / kg.

   3.for the storage or not for direct human consumption's nuts and dried fruits:

   B1 aflatoxin 5ug / kg, and B1, B2, G1, G2 sum shall not exceed 10ug / kg.

   4.Grains class for the direct human consumption: B1 aflatoxin 2ug / kg, or B1, B2,

   G1, G2 sum not exceeding 4ug / kg.

   Dairy: M1 aflatoxin not exceed 0.05 ug / kg.[4]

 ✡ Circuit Design

   When aflatoxin goes into the cell, CYP1A2 will oxidize the Aflatoxin B1, and then

   it will turn into Aflatoxin oxidation AFBO[5].

   Single-strand DNA(ssDNA) can activate protein RecA. Ecoli has a sos response

   system, and there is a repressor LexA which inhibits the next reaction, so the

   fluorescent gene won’t express.But when the activated protein RecA comes and

   hydrolysis the represser LexA, the next reaction can work[7]

   The Relationship between Cytochrome CYP3A4 in Vivo and the Toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Feedstuffs

   ZHENG Lili1, ZHU Yujing1, SHAO Caimei2, ZHANG Yong1

 ✡ Result

 ✡ Reference

   [1]Veronica S. Mary a, Ana Valdehita b, Jose M. Navas b, Hector R. Rubinstein a, Maria L. Fernandez-Cruz. Effects of aflatoxin B1, fumonisin B1 and their mixture on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and        cytochrome P450 1A induction

   [2]Yan-Ping Du Hui-Lian Zhu. The possible mechanism of Aflatoxin B1 Hepatocarcinogenesis and preventive effects of phytochemicals

   [3]Food hygiene standards - Food in aflatoxin limits (human) 82 1.4.4 Health Department Announcement fresh word No. 8189322

   [4]EU animal and plant inspection and quarantine of food hygiene regulations cum Profile

   [5]Veronica S. Mary a, Ana Valdehita b, Jose M. Navas b, Hector R. Rubinstein a,*Maria L. Fernandez-Cruz b. Effects of aflatoxin B1, fumonisin B1 and their mixture on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor        and cytochrome P450 1A induction

   [6]ZHENG Lili, ZHU Yujing, SHAO Caimei, ZHANG Yong The Relationship between Cytochrome CYP3A4 in Vivo and the Toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Feedstuffs

   [7]Nejc Paulič2,†,Adrijana Leonardi1, Vesna Hodnik2,Gregor Anderluh2,3, Zdravko Podlesek2, Darja Žgur-Bertok2,Igor Križaj1,4,5 Matej Butala2. Structural insight into LexA–RecA* interaction Lidija        Kovačič1