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<h1>Experiments</h1>
  
<h1>General Protocols</h>
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<h2>Vector assembly:</h2>
 
 
<br><br>
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<div id="pictureright"><img src="../../iGEM%20Manchester-Graz/Wiki/Project/vectorassembly.png" alt="vectorassembly" width="400" /><br> <b>Fig.1 </b> Vector assembly strategy. [A] all gBlocks are cloned in pJet. [B] <br>After sequence verifying the gBlocks are cut out of pJet using restriction sites <br>in the flanking region of each gBlock, [C] With overlap extention PCR two or<br>three gBlocks are assembled to a bigger fragment. [D] The resulting product is <br>cloned in pJet, secquence verified and cut out again using restriction sites. <br>[E] Using Gibson assembly the fragments are assembled to a full vector [F].</div>
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<p>Our vector pCERI is assembled from scratch, by ordering synthesized genes on gBlocks that are needed for its functionality. All the gBlocks we ordered from IDT already contain overlapping sequences to the following gBlock. Before we actually want to assemble our vector however, we want to make sure the used gBlocks have the right sequence. Thus all gene fragments are blunt-end cloned into the commercial vector pJET 1.2 for sequencing purpose (Fig.1 A). Sequence verified gBlocks are afterwards cut out with flanking restriction sites on each gBlock, so no additional bases from pJET 1.2 that would disturb the following overlap-extension PCR (OE-PCR) remain (Fig.1 B). <br>
 +
After sequence verification two to three gBlocks are fused to larger DNA fragments by OE-PCR (Fig.1 C). These fragments are also cloned into pJET 1.2 and cut out again after sequence verification (Fig.1 D). The fragment bla_p15A, containing the p15A origin of replication is cloned into another commercial vector pPIC9 via two flanking BglII restriction sites to circumvent problems with two bacterial origins of replications on one plasmid (not shown). The four resulting fragments, PaidA_mRFP, PesaRC_CFP_CepI, EsaI_CepR_EsaR_PesaS and p15A_bla are fused to a functional circular vector by Gibson assembly (Fig.1 E).</p>
  
<h3>Preparation of antibiotics stock (1000x)</h3>
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<p>Ampicillin (100 mg/mL) in H2O, sterile filtered <br>
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Kanamycin (50 mg/mL) in H2O, sterile filtered <br>
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Chloramphenicol (30 mg/mL) in ethanol </p>
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<h3>LB medium </h3>
 
<p>10 g/L Trypton<br>
 
5 g/L Yeastextract<br>
 
5 g/L NaCl<br>
 
Autoclave at 121°C for 20 min </p>
 
  
<br><br>
 
 
<h3>SOC medium</h3>
 
<p>Suspend/dissolve the compounds in 1 L of purified water: <br>
 
Tryptone 20 g <br>
 
Yeast extract 5 g <br>
 
NaCl 0.5 g <br>
 
Dissolve, then add <br>
 
KCl (250 mM) 10 mL <br>
 
MgCl2 5 mL <br>
 
Autoclave, then add <br>
 
Sterile glucose (1 M) 20 mL </p>
 
 
<br><br>
 
 
<h3>Plasmid preparation</h3>
 
<p>Day before: Preparation of a preculture in LB-medium containing the appropriate antibiotics. The amount of cell culture required for plasmid preparation depends on the copy number of the plasmid (between 5 and 20 mL)<br>
 
1. Centrifuge the preculture in appropriate tubes for 10 min at 4000 g <br>
 
2. Carefully remove the supernatant <br>
 
3. Resuspend pellet in 200 μL resuspension solution <br>
 
4. Add 200 μL lysis solution and invert the tube gently 1 to 2 times <br>
 
5. Lysis should not exceed 5 min <br>
 
6. Add 350 μL neutralization solution and invert the tube 4 to 6 times <br>
 
7. Centrifuge the suspension for 10 min at 12 000 rcf <br>
 
8. Prepare the columns by adding 500 μL of column preparation solution and centrifuging it for 1 min at 12 000 rcf. Discard the flow-through <br>
 
9. Transfer the supernatant of the centrifuged samples onto columns <br>
 
10. Spin for 1 min at 12 000 rcf and subsequently discard the flow-through <br>
 
11. Add 750 μL wash solution and spin the loaded column for 1 min at 12 000 rcf. Discard the flow-through <br>
 
12. Dry the columns by centrifuging them for 1 min at 12 000 rcf <br>
 
13. Place columns in new collection tubes <br>
 
14. Elute the plasmid DNA with 50 μL ddH2O to increase the plasmid concentration <br>
 
The Sigma-Aldrich GenElute™ Plasmid Miniprep Kit was used </p>
 
 
<br><br>
 
 
<h3>Preparation of chemically competent E. coli</h3>
 
<p>Day before: Preparation of a Top10 cells preculture in LB-medium containing streptomycin (25 μg/mL) <br>
 
1. Addition of 1 mL overnight preculture to 100 mL LB-medium + streptomycin (25 μg/mL) <br>
 
2. Cultivate culture at 37 °C, 220 rpm until it reaches an OD600 of 0.5 <br>
 
3. Cool culture for 5 min on ice and centrifuge it for 5 min at 4 °C, 4000 g <br>
 
4. Discard the supernatant and resuspend the cells in cold TFB1 buffer (30 mL, 4 °C) <br>
 
5. Keep the suspension on ice for 90 min <br>
 
6. Centrifuge the suspension for 5 min at 4 °C, 4000 g and discard the supernatant <br>
 
7. Resuspend the cells in 4 mL cold TFB2 buffer <br>
 
8. Make aliquots of 100 μL and freeze the aliquots in dry ice in ethanol <br>
 
9. Store aliquots at -80 °C <br>
 
According to QIAGEN DNA protocols and applications </p>
 
 
<br><br>
 
 
<h3>Preparation of electrocompetent E. coli</h3>
 
<p>1. Grow a 5mL suspension of your cells of interest to OD=0.6 <br>
 
2. Pre-cool your centrifuge to 4°C <br>
 
3. Pre-cool autoclaved water on ice <br>
 
4. Cool the cells on ice for 5-10 minutes <br>
 
5. Centrifuge for 6 minutes <br>
 
6. Discard supernatant <br>
 
7. Resuspend pellet with 1mL of chilled water <br>
 
8. Centrifuge for 6 min <br>
 
9. Repeat washing step followed by centrifugation 3 times <br>
 
10. After last centrifugation step, discard supernatant and resuspend pellet in 50uL chilled water. <br>
 
11. Add plasmid you want to transform <br>
 
12. Electroporate <br>
 
13. Add SOC medium and let cells recover at 37°C for 1 hour <br>
 
14. Streak on LB-Agar plates with the corresponding antibiotic </p>
 
 
<br><br>
 
 
<h3>Transformation of competent E. coli</h3>
 
<p>1. Thaw the competent cells on ice <br>
 
2. Add 1 μL DNA (0.2 - 200 ng) to 50-100 μL competent cells <br>
 
3. Leave sample on ice for approximately 20 min <br>
 
4. Heat shock the cells for 90 s at 42 °C <br>
 
5. Add 500 μL of SOC to the sample <br>
 
6. Let the cells recover for 60 min at 37 °C, 220 rpm <br>
 
7. Plate appropriate amount of cell suspension (50 - 200 μL) on LB-agar-plates containing the appropriate antibiotic <br>
 
8. Let bacteria grow overnight at 37 °C </p>
 
 
<br><br>
 
 
<h3>Preparation of samples for sequencing at Microsynth</h3>
 
<p>Add 12 μL DNA (60-100 ng/μL) to 3 μL of the corresponding primer (10 μM).</p>
 
 
<br><br>
 
 
 
<h3>PCR protocol for phusion DNA polymerase</h3>
 
 
<table>
 
<tr>
 
<th>Components</th> <th>20 μL reaction volume</th> <th>50 μL reaction volume </th>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>5x Phusion HF buffer</td> <td>4 μL</td> <td>10 μL </td>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>10 mM dNTPs</td> <td>2 μL</td> <td>5 μL </td>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Forward Primer (10 μM)</td> <td>1 μL</td> <td>2.5 μL </td>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Reverse Primer (10 μM</td>) <td>1 μL</td> <td>2.5 μL </td>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>DMSO</td> <td>0.6 μL</td> <td>1.5 μL </td>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Phusion DNA polymerase</td> <td>0.2 μL</td> <td>0.5 μL </td>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>DNA </td> <td>40-200 ng</td> <td>40-200 ng </td>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>H2O</td> <td>add to a  volume of 20 μL</td> <td>add to a volume of 50 μL </td>
 
</tr>
 
 
</table>
 
 
<br><br>
 
 
<h3>Restriction Endonuclease Reaction (double digestion)</h3>
 
<p>1-2.5 μL restriction endonuclease 1 <br>
 
1-2.5 μL restriction endonuclease 2 <br>
 
5 μL Cut Smart Buffer <br>
 
1-3 μg template DNA <br>
 
add H2O to reach a total volume of 50 μL <br>
 
Enzymes, buffers and protocol are from New England BioLabs </p>
 
 
<br><br>
 
 
<h3>Agarose gel electrophoresis</h3>
 
<p>1. For a 5 cm x 6 cm gel add 0.25 g Agarose to 25 mL TAE (0.5x) and heat up in microwave to dissolve it <br>
 
2. Let the solution cool down to approximately 50 °C <br>
 
3. Add nucleic acid dye (e.g. EtBr) and mix <br>
 
4. Pour the solution in a tray using an appropriate comb <br>
 
5. Add loading dye (e.g. NEB purple loading dye) to the samples <br>
 
6. Fill the samples and ladder in the wells <br>
 
7. Run the gel at 135 V </p>
 
 
<br><br>
 
 
<h3>Site-directed mutagenesis</h3>
 
<p>14 μL H2O <br>
 
2 μL HF buffer <br>
 
1.6 μL dNTPs <br>
 
0.5 μL of primer 1 <br>
 
0.5 μL of primer 2 <br>
 
0.4 μL Phusion polymerase <br>
 
1 μL template DNA (2-20 ng) <br>
 
1. Run PCR <br>
 
2. Digestion of template DNA: Addition of 1 μL DpnI, 1h at 37 °C <br>
 
3. Heat inactivation of DpnI: 20 min at 80 °C <br>
 
Protocol based on QuikChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis </p>
 
 
<br><br>
 
 
<h3>Gibson Assembly</h3>
 
<p>One-step isothermal DNA assembly protocol: the exonuclease amount is ideal for the assembly of DNA molecules with 20–150 bp overlaps <br>
 
1. Mix the backbone and PCR fragments in 5 µL total volume in equimolar amounts <br>
 
2. Thaw the Gibson assembly reaction mixture on ice <br>
 
3. Add DNA mixture (5 µL) to the reaction mixture (15 µL) <br>
 
4. Run the reaction for 30-60 min at 50 °C <br>
 
5. Subsequently the reaction mixture (5 uL are enough) can be used directly to transform competent cells (75 uL) <br>
 
</p>
 
 
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Revision as of 13:41, 17 August 2015

iGEM Manchester Header

iGEM Manchester-Graz - Protocols

Experiments

Vector assembly:

vectorassembly
Fig.1 Vector assembly strategy. [A] all gBlocks are cloned in pJet. [B]
After sequence verifying the gBlocks are cut out of pJet using restriction sites
in the flanking region of each gBlock, [C] With overlap extention PCR two or
three gBlocks are assembled to a bigger fragment. [D] The resulting product is
cloned in pJet, secquence verified and cut out again using restriction sites.
[E] Using Gibson assembly the fragments are assembled to a full vector [F].

Our vector pCERI is assembled from scratch, by ordering synthesized genes on gBlocks that are needed for its functionality. All the gBlocks we ordered from IDT already contain overlapping sequences to the following gBlock. Before we actually want to assemble our vector however, we want to make sure the used gBlocks have the right sequence. Thus all gene fragments are blunt-end cloned into the commercial vector pJET 1.2 for sequencing purpose (Fig.1 A). Sequence verified gBlocks are afterwards cut out with flanking restriction sites on each gBlock, so no additional bases from pJET 1.2 that would disturb the following overlap-extension PCR (OE-PCR) remain (Fig.1 B).
After sequence verification two to three gBlocks are fused to larger DNA fragments by OE-PCR (Fig.1 C). These fragments are also cloned into pJET 1.2 and cut out again after sequence verification (Fig.1 D). The fragment bla_p15A, containing the p15A origin of replication is cloned into another commercial vector pPIC9 via two flanking BglII restriction sites to circumvent problems with two bacterial origins of replications on one plasmid (not shown). The four resulting fragments, PaidA_mRFP, PesaRC_CFP_CepI, EsaI_CepR_EsaR_PesaS and p15A_bla are fused to a functional circular vector by Gibson assembly (Fig.1 E).