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| | <h1><font color="#DF3A01">Red</font> Lab </h1> | | <h1><font color="#DF3A01">Red</font> Lab </h1> |
| | + | <p> In Red Lab we experiment with and validate the work done by <a href="https://2015.igem.org/team:UNIK_Copenhagen/Green_Lab"><font color="green">Green</font> <font color="black">Lab</font></a> <br></br> |
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| − | <h2>Mars Chamber </h2>
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| − | <p>Imagine being able to visit Mars on earth. With a press of a button you can change any variable, simulate any possible situation, and predict the future of Mars missions. This is not science fiction, but is achieved in the Mars Environmental Chamber at the Niels Bohr Institute.
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| − | The Mars Environmental Chamber simulates martian conditions in the laboratory and subjects samples to martian conditions.
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| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/2/2b/UNIK_Copenhagen_marschamber.jpg" width=52%></div> | + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/07/UNIK_Copenhagen_cartoon.jpeg" width=50%></div> |
| − | Mars chamber</div>
| + | <p style="font-size:10.5px">Cartoon by Johanne Holm</p></div> |
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| | + | <p> |
| | + | In the gloomy dark cellar of the H.C.Ørstad Institute stands a mysterious and unearthly machine. "Unearthly" being an apt word to describe it, for the machine can be used to simulate the martian environment on Earth. The machine is called the "Martian Environmental Chamber" (MEC) and is able to simulate the following variables of a martian environment: </p> |
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| | + | <br> |
| | + | <p> |
| | + | <li>Atmosphere |
| | + | <li>Pressure |
| | + | <li>UV radiation |
| | + | </li> |
| | + | </p> |
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| − | The variables that we have control over in the Mars Chamber are:</p>
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| − | <div>
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| − | <b><A HREF="#pressure">Pressure:</A></b><br>We can go as low as 1-7 mbars to simulate the low pressure of a martian atmosphere.<br>
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| − | <b><A HREF="#atmosphere">Atmospheric composition:</A></b><br> We can simulate a martian atmosphere which unlike earth is made up of 98% CO2.<br>
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| − | <b><A HREF="#temperature">Temperature:</A></b><br> We can cause the same fluctuations in temperature that occurs on the surface of Mars: temperatures ranging from -120 degrees to 10 degrees<br>
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| − | <b><A HREF="#uv">UV radiation:</A></b><br> By using a fluorescent lamp we can provide UV radiation between 200-400nm.<br>
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| − | <b><A HREF="#soil"> Soil composition:</A></b><br> By using the JSC-Mars-1-simulant soil we can simulate the actual Martian Soil and examine if our moss will grow.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <br></br>
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| − | <hr>
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| − | <A NAME="pressure">
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| − | <h3>Pressure</h3>
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| − | <p>The pressure on the Martian surface is on averages only about 0.6% of Earth's mean sea level pressure of 101.3 kilopascals. </p><A NAME="atmosphere">
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| − | <br></br>
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| − | <hr>
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| − | <h3>Atmospheric Composition</h3> | + | <p>By placing the moss inside the MEC and changing one variable at a time we can test under which martian conditions moss can survive, and which conditions prove life threatening to the moss. You can read more about the MEC <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:UNIK_Copenhagen/Chamber"><font color="green">here.</font></a> |
| − | <p> The Martian atmosphere consists of approximately 96% carbon dioxide, 1.9% argon, 1.9% nitrogen, and traces of free oxygen, carbon monoxide, water and methane, among other gases</p> | + | |
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| − | <hr>
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| − | <A NAME="temperature">
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| − | <h3>Temperature</h3>
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| − | <p>Since temperature fluctuates on all areas of mars, it is vital for the survival of our moss that we test its ability to survive scathing changes in temperatures. The temperature on Mars may reach a high of about 20 degrees Celsius at noon, at the equator in the summer, but also low of about -153 degrees Celsius at the poles.</p>
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| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/87/UNIK_Copenhagen_DayNightTempMars.jpg" width=52%></div>
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| − | Mars surface temperature at night</div>
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| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/1/15/UNIK_Copenhagen_Experiment_temperature.JPG" width=52%></div>
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| − | SpaceMoss temperature experiment</div>
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| − | <br><br>
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| − | <hr>
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| − | <A NAME="uv">
| + | However the one thing that we cannot use the MEC to test is temperature: this is because the MEC is unable to go below zero degrees while we need to simulate martian temperatures that go well below zero during the night. Thus we have designed our own experiment in order to test moss's ability to survive at different temperatures which is described <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:UNIK_Copenhagen/Arduino"><font color="green">here.</font></a> |
| − | <h3>UV Radiation</h3>
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| − | <p>The martian atmosphere is almost non-existent, having disappeared from the planet’s surface along with its magnetic field. Thus one of the greatest perils the moss will face is intense UV light, as there is no atmosphere to shield it. By changing the wavelength and intensity of UV light shining on the Mars Chamber we hope to see how we can optimize the moss’ survival when exposed to UV light.</p>
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| − | <hr>
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| − | <A NAME="soil">
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| − | <h3> Soil composition</h3>
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| − | <p>Testing if moss can survive in soil similar to Martian soil is an interesting experiment for two reasons: 1. Although it would be possible to bring a media for the moss to grow in, it would save launch mass if the moss could grow in the soil already present. 2. Mars soil contains perchlorate which is poisonous and moss could potentially be used to detoxify the martian soil and make it safe for astronauts.<br>
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| − | <br></br>
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| − | To test this we use the JSC-Mars-1-simulant soil which is as close as you get to actual Martian soil without leaving Earth. The image below shows the similarities between the two. The dotted line portrays actual measurements of the soil form the surface of Mars, while the solid line is the reflectivity spectra for JSC-Mars-1 simulant. Especially in the lower wavelengths the similarity is seen to be high. </p>
| + | When the moss has been genetically modified to produce the anti-freeze protein, we want to test if this actually means that our moss is more resistant towards cold. To do this we had to build our completely own experiment from scratch: </p> |
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| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/2/2c/UNIK_Copenhage_JSCsoil.png" width=52%></div>
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| − | Similarity between JSC-Mars-1-Simulant and Martian soil</div>
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| − | <p>
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| − | JSC-Mars-1-simulant soil comes from the sadle area between the volcanoes Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa on Big Island Hawaii. Team member Christina Toldbo went there to visit - check out the video below</p>
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| − | <video width="426" height="320" controls>
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| − | <source src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/0/03/Unik_christina_hawaii.mp4" type="video/mp4">
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| − | Your browser doesn't support video tags
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| − | </video>
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| − | <h2>Working with the Aduino</h2>
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| − | <img src="https://2015.igem.org/File:UNIK_Copenhagen_Arduino.jpg" width=52%></div>
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| − | The whole Arduino package</div>
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| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b1/UNIK_Copenhagen_thermosensor.jpg" width=52%></div>
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| − | The DS18B20 temperature sensor - finger for scale</div>
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| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/7/75/UNIK_Copenhagen_domandvic.jpg" width=52%></div>
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| − | Working on building the circuit on the Aduino Breadboard</div>
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| − | <br><br>
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| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/f/f7/UNIK_Copenhagen_Circuitdiagram.jpg" width=52%></div> | + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/9/95/UNIK_Copenhagen_moresetup.jpeg" width=60%></div> |
| − | Circuit diagram: Normal power mode</div>
| + | <p style="font-size:10.5px">Red lab temperature prototype</p></div> |
| | <br><br> | | <br><br> |
Red Lab
In Red Lab we experiment with and validate the work done by Green Lab
In the gloomy dark cellar of the H.C.Ørstad Institute stands a mysterious and unearthly machine. "Unearthly" being an apt word to describe it, for the machine can be used to simulate the martian environment on Earth. The machine is called the "Martian Environmental Chamber" (MEC) and is able to simulate the following variables of a martian environment:
Atmosphere
Pressure
UV radiation
By placing the moss inside the MEC and changing one variable at a time we can test under which martian conditions moss can survive, and which conditions prove life threatening to the moss. You can read more about the MEC here.
However the one thing that we cannot use the MEC to test is temperature: this is because the MEC is unable to go below zero degrees while we need to simulate martian temperatures that go well below zero during the night. Thus we have designed our own experiment in order to test moss's ability to survive at different temperatures which is described here.
When the moss has been genetically modified to produce the anti-freeze protein, we want to test if this actually means that our moss is more resistant towards cold. To do this we had to build our completely own experiment from scratch:
Red lab temperature prototype
