Difference between revisions of "Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/BiosensorDesignMotivation"

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<p> The term "biosensor" is widely used for sensors that are based on biological sensing elements. With these, detection becomes possible through recognition of analytes. Field applicability, easy handling and cheap evaluation devices are terms that go hand in hand with the term biosensor. </p>  
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<p> The term "biosensor" is widely used for sensors that are based on biological sensing elements. With these, detection becomes possible through recognition of analytes. Biosensors have the potential to be used for a wide range of analytical purposes (<a href="#Turner2013">Turner 2013</a>). Easy handling and cheap evaluation devices are terms that go hand in hand with the term biosensor (<a href="#Kaur2015">Kaur et al. 2015</a>). </p>  
 
      
 
      
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<p> Biosensors have the potential to be used for a wide range of analytical purposes (<a href="#Turner2013">Turner 2013</a>). They thus have a great potential to help solving real world problems. Especially biosensors for arsenic detection have been widely adressed in research. </p>
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<p> However, some issues remain: As great as the potentials of biosensors are, still the hurdle of field applicability has in most cases not be cleared. This is due to the fact that most of the biosensors make use of living genetically modified microorganisms (GMOs) (<a href="#Daunert2000">Daunert et al. 2000</a>, <a href="#Lei2006">Lei et al. 2006</a>). Biosensors based on living GMOs are a field of active research and especially popular in iGEM, but the application outside the laboratory is complicated (<a href="Choffnes2011">Choffnes et al. 2011</a>). </p>
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<p> Biosensors can be used to detect toxic substances in a highly specific and sensitive manner. Furthermore, they can be cheaper and easier to handle than conventional detection methods (<a href="#Kaur2015">Kaur et al. 2015</a>). For this reason, they are a field of active research and a popular topic in the iGEM competition. Most of these biosensors make use of living microorganisms. </p>
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<p> Futhermore, shelf life and multiplexing often fall by the wayside in biosensor design. This is surprising, because these are two major prerequisites for biosensors when field applicability is aspired (<a href="#ChenRosen2014">Chen and Rosen 2014</a>). </p>
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<p> In terms of simplicity, progress has been made to reduce costs and complexity of biosensors. <b>Paper</b> has emerged as ubiquitous, cheap and reliable material for biosensors (<a href="#Jokerst2012">Jokerst et al. 2012</a>, <a href="#Pardee2014">Pardee et al. 2014</a>). </p>
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<p> In order to solve the previously described problems of field applicability and make biosensors applicable in everyday life, we thus developed cell-free biosensors that can be used as paper-based test strips. </p>
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<h2> References </h2>
 
<h2> References </h2>
 
<div class="references">
 
<div class="references">
  
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<p id="Daunert2000">Daunert, Sylvia; Barrett, Gary; Feliciano, Jessika S.; Shetty, Ranjit S.; Shrestha, Suresh; Smith-Spencer, Wendy (2000): Genetically Engineered Whole-Cell Sensing Systems: Coupling Biological Recognition with Reporter Genes. In Chem. Rev. 100 (7), pp. 2705–2738. DOI: 10.1021/cr990115p.</p>
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    <p id="ChenRosen2014">
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        Chen, Jian; Rosen, Barry P. (2014): Biosensors for inorganic and organic arsenicals. In: Biosensors 4 (4), S. 494–512. DOI: 10.3390/bios4040494.
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    </p>
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<p id="Choffnes2011">
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    Choffnes, Eileen R.; Pray, Leslie A.; Relman, David A. (2011): The science and applications of synthetic and systems biology. Workshop summary. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.
 +
    </p>
 +
    <p id="Daunert2000">Daunert, Sylvia; Barrett, Gary; Feliciano, Jessika S.; Shetty, Ranjit S.; Shrestha, Suresh; Smith-Spencer, Wendy (2000): Genetically Engineered Whole-Cell Sensing Systems: Coupling Biological Recognition with Reporter Genes. In Chem. Rev. 100 (7), pp. 2705–2738. DOI: 10.1021/cr990115p.</p>
 +
    <p id="Jokerst2012">
 +
  Jokerst, Jana C.; Adkins, Jaclyn A.; Bisha, Bledar; Mentele, Mallory M.; Goodridge, Lawrence D.; Henry, Charles S. (2012): Development of a paper-based analytical device for colorimetric detection of select foodborne pathogens. In: Analytical chemistry 84 (6), S. 2900–2907. DOI: 10.1021/ac203466y.
 +
   
 
<p id="Kaur2015">Kaur, Hardeep; Kumar, Rabindra; Babu, J. Nagendra; Mittal, Sunil (2015): Advances in arsenic biosensor development--a comprehensive review. In Biosensors & bioelectronics 63, pp. 533–545. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.003.</p>
 
<p id="Kaur2015">Kaur, Hardeep; Kumar, Rabindra; Babu, J. Nagendra; Mittal, Sunil (2015): Advances in arsenic biosensor development--a comprehensive review. In Biosensors & bioelectronics 63, pp. 533–545. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.003.</p>
 +
  <p id="Lei2006">
 +
Lei, Yu; Chen, Wilfred; Mulchandani, Ashok (2006): Microbial biosensors. In: Analytica chimica acta 568 (1-2), S. 200–210. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.11.065.
 +
    </p>
 +
   
 
<p id="Pardee2014">Pardee, Keith; Green, Alexander A.; Ferrante, Tom; Cameron, D. Ewen; DaleyKeyser, Ajay; Yin, Peng; Collins, James J. (2014): Paper-based synthetic gene networks. In Cell 159 (4), pp. 940–954. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.004.</p>
 
<p id="Pardee2014">Pardee, Keith; Green, Alexander A.; Ferrante, Tom; Cameron, D. Ewen; DaleyKeyser, Ajay; Yin, Peng; Collins, James J. (2014): Paper-based synthetic gene networks. In Cell 159 (4), pp. 940–954. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.004.</p>
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<p id="Turner2013">
+
  <p id="Turner2013">
 
Turner, Anthony P F (2013): Biosensors: sense and sensibility. In: Chemical Society reviews 42 (8), S. 3184–3196. DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35528d.
 
Turner, Anthony P F (2013): Biosensors: sense and sensibility. In: Chemical Society reviews 42 (8), S. 3184–3196. DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35528d.
 
</p>
 
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Revision as of 12:39, 18 September 2015

iGEM Bielefeld 2015


Biosensor Design

A handy tool for everyone

The term "biosensor" is widely used for sensors that are based on biological sensing elements. With these, detection becomes possible through recognition of analytes. Biosensors have the potential to be used for a wide range of analytical purposes (Turner 2013). Easy handling and cheap evaluation devices are terms that go hand in hand with the term biosensor (Kaur et al. 2015).

However, some issues remain: As great as the potentials of biosensors are, still the hurdle of field applicability has in most cases not be cleared. This is due to the fact that most of the biosensors make use of living genetically modified microorganisms (GMOs) (Daunert et al. 2000, Lei et al. 2006). Biosensors based on living GMOs are a field of active research and especially popular in iGEM, but the application outside the laboratory is complicated (Choffnes et al. 2011).

Futhermore, shelf life and multiplexing often fall by the wayside in biosensor design. This is surprising, because these are two major prerequisites for biosensors when field applicability is aspired (Chen and Rosen 2014).

In terms of simplicity, progress has been made to reduce costs and complexity of biosensors. Paper has emerged as ubiquitous, cheap and reliable material for biosensors (Jokerst et al. 2012, Pardee et al. 2014).

In order to solve the previously described problems of field applicability and make biosensors applicable in everyday life, we thus developed cell-free biosensors that can be used as paper-based test strips.

References

Chen, Jian; Rosen, Barry P. (2014): Biosensors for inorganic and organic arsenicals. In: Biosensors 4 (4), S. 494–512. DOI: 10.3390/bios4040494.

Choffnes, Eileen R.; Pray, Leslie A.; Relman, David A. (2011): The science and applications of synthetic and systems biology. Workshop summary. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.

Daunert, Sylvia; Barrett, Gary; Feliciano, Jessika S.; Shetty, Ranjit S.; Shrestha, Suresh; Smith-Spencer, Wendy (2000): Genetically Engineered Whole-Cell Sensing Systems: Coupling Biological Recognition with Reporter Genes. In Chem. Rev. 100 (7), pp. 2705–2738. DOI: 10.1021/cr990115p.

Jokerst, Jana C.; Adkins, Jaclyn A.; Bisha, Bledar; Mentele, Mallory M.; Goodridge, Lawrence D.; Henry, Charles S. (2012): Development of a paper-based analytical device for colorimetric detection of select foodborne pathogens. In: Analytical chemistry 84 (6), S. 2900–2907. DOI: 10.1021/ac203466y.

Kaur, Hardeep; Kumar, Rabindra; Babu, J. Nagendra; Mittal, Sunil (2015): Advances in arsenic biosensor development--a comprehensive review. In Biosensors & bioelectronics 63, pp. 533–545. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.003.

Lei, Yu; Chen, Wilfred; Mulchandani, Ashok (2006): Microbial biosensors. In: Analytica chimica acta 568 (1-2), S. 200–210. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.11.065.

Pardee, Keith; Green, Alexander A.; Ferrante, Tom; Cameron, D. Ewen; DaleyKeyser, Ajay; Yin, Peng; Collins, James J. (2014): Paper-based synthetic gene networks. In Cell 159 (4), pp. 940–954. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.004.

Turner, Anthony P F (2013): Biosensors: sense and sensibility. In: Chemical Society reviews 42 (8), S. 3184–3196. DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35528d.