Difference between revisions of "Team:Lethbridge"

 
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{{Lethbridge}}
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<h1>Project Description</h1>
 
  
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<h2>dsRNA induced gene silencing as an alternative to traditional fungicides to manage
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                <ul>
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                    <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/">iGEM</a></li>
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                    <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge">RNAiCare</a></li>
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                    <li>
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                        <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Project">Project</a>
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                        <ul>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Description">Description</a></li>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Design">Design</a></li>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Results">Results</a></li>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Project_Production">Production</a></li>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Project_Judging">Judging</a></li>
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                        </ul>
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                    </li>
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                    <li>
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                        <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Parts">Parts</a>
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                        <ul>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Basic_Part">Basic Parts</a></li>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Composite_Part">Composite Parts</a></li>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Measurement">Measurement</a></li>
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                        </ul>
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                    </li>
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                    <li>
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                        <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Practices">Practices</a>
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                        <ul>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Practices_Risks">Risks</a></li>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Practices_Stakeholders">Stakeholders</a></li>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Practices_Current">Current Problems</a></li>
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                        </ul>
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                    </li>
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                    <li>
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                        <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Notebook">Notebook</a>
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                        <ul>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Notebook_July">July</a></li>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Notebook_August">August</a></li>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Notebook_September">September</a></li>
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                        </ul>
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                    </li>
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                    <li>
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                        <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Team">Team</a>
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                        <ul>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Team_Members">Members</a></li>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Collaborations">Collaborations</a></li>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Attributions">Attributions</a></li>
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                            <li><a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Sponsors">Sponsors</a></li>
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                        </ul>
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                    </li>
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                <div id="main_banner_container">
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                    <div class="banner_title">Pesticides for the Future</div>
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                    <div class="banner_buttons">
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                        <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Design">Design</a>
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                        <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Results">Results</a>
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                        <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Practices">Practice</a>
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                    </div>
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                </div>
  
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Fusarium infection in cereal crops.</H2>
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                <div class="info_box" id="info_1" style="background:#f1f6f3">
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                    <h2 style="color:#333;font-size:48px;">World Food Shortage</h2>
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                    <p style="font-size:36px;">By 2030 the Earth will have about 8.4 billion people living on it.</p>
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                    <p style="font-size:36px;">The UN estimates that we will need to increase agricultural production by 70% to feed the inhabitants of the world by 2050.</p>
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                    <p style="font-size:36px;">We need a better way to ensure the safety and productivity of our food supply across the globe.</p>
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                    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/6f/Uleth15_Globe.png" alt="earth" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;width:25%;" />
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<P>Each year, Alberta applies over 10,000 metric tons of pesticide to agricultural, industrial,
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                <div class="info_box" id="info_2">
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and domestic land. This is not only financially taxing, but it results in downstream off-target  
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                  <div style="width:50%;height:100%;">
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effects and bioaccumulation within the prairie ecosystem[1]. Targeted double stranded RNA
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                    <h2 style="color:#fff;font-size:48px;">Current Pesticides</h2>
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(dsRNA) has been shown to be capable of activating the RNA interference machinery with a  
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                    <p style="font-size:36px;">In the past we have relied on small molecule pesticides to control species that threaten our food supply. However, with the development of resistant pest species, harmful off-target effects, persistence in the environment, and diminishing returns, conventional pesticides have shown themselves to be unsustainable for a growing planet.</p>
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lethal effect when consumed by eukaryotic pest organisms[2][3][4]. While these results are promising,
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the cost of dsRNA synthesis remains prohibitively expensive and not easily tailored to each
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                </div>
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specific pest species.</P>
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<p>Our proposed project involves the synthesis of highly pure dsRNA for use as a topical
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                <div class="info_box" id="info_3">
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fungicide. The target of our RNAi-based approach will be a member of the genus Fusarium,
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                  <div style="width:50%;height:100%;margin-left:50%;">
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responsible for the spread of Fusarium Head Blight which decimates cereal grain yields across
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                    <h2 style="color:#fff;font-size:48px;">Our Solution</h2>
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Canada. This project will target specific Fusarium virulence factors and effectively silence them,
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                    <p style="font-size:36px;color:#fff;">We propose an alternative: a biosynthetic pesticide that is:</p>
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protecting the crops from infection. Furthermore, our design involves a scaffold in which any
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                    <ul style="font-size:36px;color:#fff;list-style:none;padding-left:32px;">
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dsRNA sequence of interest may be inserted for targeting of a gene of interest within a specific
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                        <li>Species specific</li>
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species. Altogether, this project represent a scalable, highly species specific and widely
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                        <li>Cheap to produce</li>
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applicable solution to global agriculture problems that has an added bonus of being rapidly
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                        <li>Easy to apply</li>
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degradable in the environment (~36 hours)[5].</p>
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                        <li>Safe for the environment.</li>
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                    </ul>
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                  </div>
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                </div>
  
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<h2>References:</h2>
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                <div class="info_box" id="info_4">
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                    <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Design"><h2 style="color:#333;font-size:48px;">Design</h2></a>
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                    <p style="font-size:36px;color:#333;">RNA Interference mediated by double stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been a powerful tool for research since it’s discovery. RNA is: transient, non-heritable, auto-hydrolyzing, making it the perfect molecule for pesticide use. Our goal is to produce highly pure and specific siRNAs to induce silencing in pest species using E.coli. In addition to increasing the scope of potential target species that siRNAs can combat.</p>
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                    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/7/78/Uleth15_RiboYolo.png" alt="Ribosyme" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;width:25%;" />
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                </div>
  
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<ol>
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                <div class="info_box" id="info_5">
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<li>Cabana, G., & Rasmussen, J. B. (1994). Modelling food chain structure and
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                    <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Results"><h2 style="color:#fff;font-size:48px;">Results</h2></a>
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contaminant bioaccumulation using stable nitrogen isotopes. Nature, 372(6503), 255-
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                    <p style="font-size:36px;color:#fff;">We successfully produced a theophylline aptazyme in vitro which had previously only been characterized in vivo.</p>
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257.</li>
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                    <p style="font-size:36px;color:#fff;">In addition, we successfully purified RNA using a Ribozyme Affinity Purification strategy.</p>
 +
                    <p style="font-size:36px;color:#fff;">We were able to knockdown genes in Fusarium graminearum using directly-applied dsRNA which had previously never been demonstrated.</p>
 +
                </div>
  
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<li>Drinnenberg, I. A., Weinberg, D. E., Xie, K. T., Mower, J. P., Wolfe, K. H., Fink, G.  
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                <div class="info_box" id="info_7">
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R., & Bartel, D. P. (2009). RNAi in budding yeast. Science, 326(5952), 544-550.</li>
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                    <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Practices"><h2 style="color:#fff;font-size:48px;">Practices</h2></a>
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                    <p style="font-size:36px;color:#fff;">We took an in depth look at the ethical issues surrounding our project, met with researchers, farmers, and pesticide producers.</p>
 +
                    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/3/39/Uleth15_WheatHands.jpg" alt="Wheat hands" style="margin:0 auto;width:60%;" />
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                </div>
  
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<li>Huvenne, H., & Smagghe, G. (2010). Mechanisms of dsRNA uptake in insects and
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                <div class="info_box" id="info_8" style="background:#f1f6f3;">
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potential of RNAi for pest control: a review. Journal of insect physiology,56(3),
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                    <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Team_Members"><h2 style="color:#333;font-size:48px;text-align:center;">Meet the team behind the project:</h2></a>
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235.</li>
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                    <a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Team_Members" style="display:block;width:100%;"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/8/8e/Uleth15_TeamPhoto.jpg" height="50%" width="50%" style="display:block;margin:0 auto;" ></a>
 +
                </div>
  
−
<li>Palli, S.R. (2014). RNA interference in Colorado potato beetle: steps toward
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                <div class="info_box" id="index_sponsors">
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development of dsRNA as a commercial insecticide. Current opinion in Insect
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                        <a href="https://www.idtdna.com/site" id="index_sponsor_IDT"></a>
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Science, 6, 1-8.</li>
+
                        <a href="http://www.geneious.com/" id="index_sponsor_geneious"></a>
 +
                        <a href="http://www.albertatechfutures.ca/" id="index_sponsor_AITF"></a>
 +
                        <a href="http://pearlbiotech.com/" id="index_sponsor_pearl"></a>
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                        <a href="http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/home/" id="index_sponsor_AAFC"></a>
 +
                        <a href="http://www.uleth.ca/research/alberta-rna-research-and-training-institute-arrti" id="index_sponsor_AARTI"></a>
 +
                        <a href="http://www.uleth.ca/" id="index_sponsor_Uleth"></a>
 +
                </div>
  
−
<li>Dubelman S, Fischer J, Zapata F, Huizinga K, Jiang C, et al. (2014) Environmental
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            </div>
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Fate of Double-Stranded RNA in Agricultural Soils. PLoS ONE 9(3):e93155. doi:
+
   
−
10.1371/journal.pone.0093155</li>
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        </div>
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</ol>
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Latest revision as of 03:56, 19 September 2015

iGEM

World Food Shortage

By 2030 the Earth will have about 8.4 billion people living on it.

The UN estimates that we will need to increase agricultural production by 70% to feed the inhabitants of the world by 2050.

We need a better way to ensure the safety and productivity of our food supply across the globe.

earth

Current Pesticides

In the past we have relied on small molecule pesticides to control species that threaten our food supply. However, with the development of resistant pest species, harmful off-target effects, persistence in the environment, and diminishing returns, conventional pesticides have shown themselves to be unsustainable for a growing planet.

Our Solution

We propose an alternative: a biosynthetic pesticide that is:

  • Species specific
  • Cheap to produce
  • Easy to apply
  • Safe for the environment.

Design

RNA Interference mediated by double stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been a powerful tool for research since it’s discovery. RNA is: transient, non-heritable, auto-hydrolyzing, making it the perfect molecule for pesticide use. Our goal is to produce highly pure and specific siRNAs to induce silencing in pest species using E.coli. In addition to increasing the scope of potential target species that siRNAs can combat.

Ribosyme

Results

We successfully produced a theophylline aptazyme in vitro which had previously only been characterized in vivo.

In addition, we successfully purified RNA using a Ribozyme Affinity Purification strategy.

We were able to knockdown genes in Fusarium graminearum using directly-applied dsRNA which had previously never been demonstrated.

Practices

We took an in depth look at the ethical issues surrounding our project, met with researchers, farmers, and pesticide producers.

Wheat hands