Difference between revisions of "Team:Lethbridge/Practices Stakeholders"

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                     <h2>Stakeholders</h2>
 
                     <h2>Stakeholders</h2>
  
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                     <p>Winter wheat crops in Canada from Fusarium Head Blight it through the application of foliar fungicides. Foliar fungicides are sprayed onto the plant itself rather than soaking seeds as is done in a seed treatment. These are also popular, especially for preventing initial FHB infections from the dormant chlamydospores in the soil. These seed treatments are however, not as effective in prevention of the spread of FHB once the crop begins to grow and are most vulnerable (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2010).  A suppressive spraying method is used, meaning crops are sprayed at the point in growth that they are most vulnerable to infection by FHB. Farmers will begin to spray for approximately 8 days after 75% of the heads on the main stem are fully emerged until 50% of them have flowered (Provincial Crop Protection Laboratory, 2015.)
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                     <p>Wheat crops in Canada are protected from infection by Fusarium graminearum through the application of foliar fungicides and seed treatments. Foliar fungicides are sprayed onto the plant itself rather than soaking seeds as is done in a seed treatment. Seed treatments are used to prevent initial FHB infections from the dormant chlamydospores in the soil. These seed treatments are however, not as effective in prevention of the spread of FHB once the crop begins to grow and are most vulnerable [1].  A suppressive spraying method is used, meaning crops are sprayed at the point in growth that they are most vulnerable to infection by FHB. Farmers will spray once after 75% of the heads on the main stem are fully emerged, but before 50% of them have flowered [2].</p>
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                    <p>Table 1: Product information regarding foliar fungicides that target FHB in winter wheat [3][4].
 
                     </p>  
 
                     </p>  
  
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                    <figure>   
 
                     <p>Table 1: Product information regarding foliar fungicides that target FHB in winter wheat (Bayer CropScience, Syngenta, 2015).</p>
 
                     <p>Table 1: Product information regarding foliar fungicides that target FHB in winter wheat (Bayer CropScience, Syngenta, 2015).</p>
  
 
                     <table>
 
                     <table>
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                         <tr><th>Fungicide</th><th>Recommended Vol. / Acre (mL)</th><th>Cost / Acre</th><th>Cost / Bushel</th></tr>
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                         <tr><th>Fungicide</th><th>Recommended Vol. / Acre (mL)</th><th>Cost / Acre</th><th>Concentration (g/L)</th></tr>
  
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                         <tr><td>Folicur EW</td> <td>201</td>    <td>$12.13</td> <td>?</td></tr>
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                         <tr><td>Folicur EW</td> <td>201</td>    <td>$12.13</td> <td>250</td></tr>
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                         <tr><td>Prosaro</td>    <td>324</td>    <td>$19.62</td> <td>?</td></tr>
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                         <tr><td>Prosaro</td>    <td>324</td>    <td>$19.62</td> <td>250</td></tr>
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                         <tr><td>Fuse</td>      <td>118</td>    <td>?</td>      <td>?</td></tr>
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                         <tr><td>Fuse</td>      <td>118</td>    <td>$11.67</td> <td>432</td></tr>
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                    </table>
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                    <p>Table 2: Seed treatments that target FHB in winter wheat (Bayer CropScience, Syngenta, 2015).</p>
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                    <table>
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                        <tr><th>Seed Treatment</th> <th>Volume (mL) / 100kg of Seeds</th></tr>
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                        <tr><td>Raxil Pro</td>  <td>?</td></tr>
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                        <tr><td>Cruser-Maxx</td><td>325-650</td></tr>
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                        <tr><td>Vibrance XL</td><td>180-325</td></tr>
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                     </table>
 
                     </table>
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                    </figure>
  
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                     <p>The information provided in Table 1 about FHB combatant fungicides combined with the knowledge of currently used crop spraying techniques (about 8 days in the lifespan of the wheat crop) previously mentioned determines that the average cost to spray winter wheat for FHB is $TBA. This is an approximate cost because different retailers will charge consumers slightly different amounts for the same product. The information in Table 2.</p>
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                     <p>Table 1 provides information about three commonly used FHB combatant foliar fungicides. The cost of spraying these products adds up when considering the millions of acres that Canadian farmers must spray to keep their flowering wheat Fusarium-free.  Seed treatments can also be quite expensive. For example, a fungicidal seed treatment made for wheat called Vibrance Quattro is $346 per bushel at 69.0g/L [4]. These costs all may vary based on the retailer and composition of the fungicides. Our goal is to eventually create a way to produce RNAi that is more affordable than these conventional fungicides.</p>
  
 
                     <h2>References</h2>
 
                     <h2>References</h2>

Revision as of 22:49, 18 September 2015

iGEM

Practices

Stakeholders

Wheat crops in Canada are protected from infection by Fusarium graminearum through the application of foliar fungicides and seed treatments. Foliar fungicides are sprayed onto the plant itself rather than soaking seeds as is done in a seed treatment. Seed treatments are used to prevent initial FHB infections from the dormant chlamydospores in the soil. These seed treatments are however, not as effective in prevention of the spread of FHB once the crop begins to grow and are most vulnerable [1]. A suppressive spraying method is used, meaning crops are sprayed at the point in growth that they are most vulnerable to infection by FHB. Farmers will spray once after 75% of the heads on the main stem are fully emerged, but before 50% of them have flowered [2].

Table 1: Product information regarding foliar fungicides that target FHB in winter wheat [3][4].

Table 1: Product information regarding foliar fungicides that target FHB in winter wheat (Bayer CropScience, Syngenta, 2015).

FungicideRecommended Vol. / Acre (mL)Cost / AcreConcentration (g/L)
Folicur EW 201 $12.13 250
Prosaro 324 $19.62 250
Fuse 118 $11.67 432

Table 1 provides information about three commonly used FHB combatant foliar fungicides. The cost of spraying these products adds up when considering the millions of acres that Canadian farmers must spray to keep their flowering wheat Fusarium-free. Seed treatments can also be quite expensive. For example, a fungicidal seed treatment made for wheat called Vibrance Quattro is $346 per bushel at 69.0g/L [4]. These costs all may vary based on the retailer and composition of the fungicides. Our goal is to eventually create a way to produce RNAi that is more affordable than these conventional fungicides.

References

  1. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 2010. Crop Profile for Winter Wheat in Canada, 2010. Pesticide Risk Reduction Program Pest Management Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 1-65.
  2. Government of Saskatchewan. 2015. Fusarium Head Blight. Provincial Crop Protection Laboratory. http://www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/fusarium-head-blight
  3. Bayer CropScience Canada. 2015. http://www.cropscience.bayer.ca/Products/Fungicides
  4. Syngenta Canada. 2015. http://www.syngentafarm.ca/Productsdetail/Fuse/