Human Practices

Challenges to Prejudice against GMO in Japan

Why We Choose This Topic

In this year, we Hokkaidou_Japan set “Anti-Microbial Peptides (AMPs)” as main subject, and all projects are considered the application to oral intake. That is, all projects of our team are related with Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) foods.

GMO in Japan

GMO is, as we know, the organisms whose genomic characters are modified artificially by gene recombination. It makes them strong against pests or diseases, or improves yields of them.

In Japan, our home country, some specific kinds of GMO crops are allowed to go on sale by the government. In addition, food corporation needs to specify “This is GMO Food” only if the foods meets two condition.

GMO is used as top three of builders’ weights.
GMO is accounting above 5% of total weight.

This means that Japanese consumers may be putting GMO in their mouth without recognizing it.

The Unfair Recognition to GMO Food in Japan

If you’ve learned biology in the past, you must know that foods which we ate are digested by some kinds of enzymes step by step. Of course, DNA that we eat is also digested, and they become too short to exert their function, for example, expressing proteins. From this fact, we can say that modified genes itself cannot affect us badly by eating.

Though there is still a possibility that the proteins expressed from modified genes become unknown antigen for human beings and affect badly, there has not been a report that says anyone got any illness or died from GMO in the two decades after initiation of GMO production. Following this background, in North America and China, large amount of GMO crops are produced and consumed every day. On the other hand, Japanese people still have intense aversion to GMO and tend to reject it.

Problems

As above, Japanese consumers tend to fear GMOs without any specific reason and evaluate them unfairly without considering the benefit of them. We though that it is a very big program since GMO could be a sokution for upcoming food shortage expected sometimes in the future.

Survey

This year, our team conducted a survey to research the reorganization of GMOs among Japanese consumers. We took our survey in Sapporo, Hokkaido, around our university campus and Odori Park.

Result

Problem Seen from the Result

Approach to Solution

To approach to the problem that we listed above, we took 2 actions.

We explained what is GMO and how it would act when it goes inside our body and gave out paper explaining it to people who kindly answered our survey.
We posted a video explaining how GMOs are processed after it goes into our body on YouTube so that people all around the world can watch it.

Conclusion

In Japan, public opinions need to be changed in order to put GMO food on sale. This means that even if we went on with our project and succeeded to commercialize it, we could not sell it if public rejected it. By our approach, we hope that more people get correct knowledge on GMO food, and evaluate them using proper facts.

University Festival

We hald an educational workshop in Hokkaido University Festival that was held from June 11 to June 14, 2015. This was our third year participating in University Festival.

Poster Session

We made posters on following topics.

What is DNA
How DNA is familiar to us
What is synthetic biology
What is iGEM, and what are our activities

Experiment

We conducted an experiment detecting a DNA extraction from banana. Our aim was to make participants feel more familiar to DNA.

Protocol

Crush one third of banana with spoon to break its cell wall.
Mix 30 mL of 10% saltine water and 2.5 mL of detergent. Saltine water takes away negative electric charge form nucleic acid, and detergent breaks cell membrane.
Pour 1 and 2 into a beaker through coffee filter to filtrate them.
After 5 minutes, pour 40 mL of 100% ethanol into the beaker slowly.
You’ll see some white lump, which is exactly the DNA!

Questionnaires

We took questionnaires to our participants, and we got 91 answers.

Results are shown on below.

Ratios

Impression about Gene Recombination

Comments

Age: 30`s / Sex: F

Score before workshop: 5
Genetic modification depends on how to use.

Score after workshop: 5
Genetic modification is unexpectedly familiar.
Age: 40`s / Sex: F

Score before workshop: 2
I think genetic modification affects our body and environment.

Score after workshop: 7
Because genetic modification contributes to food problem.
Age: high school student / Sex: F

Score before workshop: 3
Because it changes inherit DNA.

Score after workshop: 9
Because genetic modification dosen't affect our health
Age: junior high school student / Sex: F

Score before workshop: 5
I heard about it last year but I was poor at biology and could not be interested in genetic modification.

Score after workshop: 10
I felt DNA familiar throgh your explanation.
Age: university student / Sex: M

Score before workshop: 3
Because I have a image that it was featured on TV program.

Score after workshop: 6
Because genetic modification has potential to be useful in the future.
Age: university student / Sex: M

Score before workshop: 5
If it dosen't affect the free selection of people, it should be allowed.

Score after workshop: 5
Genetic modification is not ends but means, and it depends on users.

General Comments

I knew the word DNA but cannot explain it to my children. It was good opportunity that kind young men explained it to them. They knew details and were cool. (from parent of the respondent)
I had a bad image for genetic modification because I had heard genetically modified foods affected our health. But, I knew it contributed to our society and came to have a good impression through your explanation.
It was interesting because I could watch DNA from a familiar food, banana.
I felt DNA familiar through the experiment. It was so fun because I could watch DNA from familiar foods,banana. Thank you.
The experiments was so fun. Thank you.
Your explanation was easy to understand.
You should tell us more the advantage of genetic modification.