Team:Nagahama/Medal Parts
BioBrick Parts to achieve each medal requirement
Bronze
We created 30 new BioBricks[1] for bronze medal criterion. And have documented and submitted them to igem Registry.
We introduce ispA ([http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1653003 BBa_K1653003]) of them. This biobrick is Key BioBrics in "Flavorator" project.
ispA encodes Farnesyl diphosphate synthase. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase can utilize both dimethylallyl and geranyl diphosphates as substrates, generating geranyl and farnesyl diphosphate, respectively. Therefore the enzyme can catalyze two sequential reactions in the polyisoprenoid biosynthetic pathway.
Silver
We created 3 new BioBrick devices for silver medal criterion.
Precursor of terpene mass-production device([http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K1653024 BBa_K1653024])
To realize "Flovorator" we need to make E. coli produce Farnesol. Surprisingly, We have succeeded in farnesol production by Farnesol production device.
Our new biobrick device "Farnesol production device" worked as expected. Because we validate this fact by GC-MS analysis experimentally. We have documented and submitted this new Biobrick device([http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K1653024 BBa_K1653024]) to iGEM Registry .
We want to make the E.coli produces farnesol and geraniol which are one of the terpenoids. To produce great quantity of terpenoids they need many terpene precursor. E. coli produces a small amount of the terpene precursor in MEP pathway. In MEP pathway, there are four enzymes (ISPD, ISPF, idi and dxs) which are speed limiting enzyme for terpenoids procursors produce in E. coli. In order to create a high-yield strains producing IPP and DMAPP, we exogenously engineer to superimpose these genes into E. coli to create strains overproducing IPP and DMAPP in a MEP pathway.To confirm increased production of terpene precursors by MEP device we put attention on ubiquinone. Ubiquinone 8 is made from Farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) which is one of the terpene precursors . quinone is one of the electron carrier present in the cell membrane of prokaryotes. And also they glow when exposed to UV rays.In the measurement of production of quinone it was measured by thin-layer chromatography. (TLC silica gel)
Result：
The figure on the left is analysis of ubiquinone 8 by thin-layer chromatography. Right lane is JM109 /MEPdevice with IPTG Left lane is JM109/MEPdevice minus . Both it was 2μl spot.
The right of the figure,Estimation of ubiquinone-8 content instead Each intensity of spots indicating the content of ubiquinone-8
From two figures, those which are overexpressed in reintroduced to E. coli four genes, it is better to have overexpressed were many production of ubiquinone 8 as compared with those that do not overexpress
Discussion：
From this result, the amount of ubiquinone 8 of the final material by the increased amount of terpene precursors is increased by re-introducing the four genes are over-expressed in E. coli.
Therefore, it considered could strengthen the MEP pathway.
Analysis of ubiquinone-8 synthesized by E. coli JM109/[http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K1653024 BBa_K1653024]
by thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
Farnesol (FOH) production device([http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K1653025 BBa_K1653025])
To realize "Flovorator" we need to make E. coli produce Farnesol. Surprisingly, We have succeeded in farnesol production by Farnesol production device.
Our new biobrick device "Farnesol production device" worked as expected. Because we validate this fact by GC-MS analysis experimentally. We have documented and submitted this new Biobrick device([http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K1653025 BBa_K1653025]) to iGEM Registry .
FOH is probably generated through FPP hydrolysis by endogenous phosphatases, which are induced by an increased intracellular FPP level. Analogously, we hypothesized that E. coli could produce FOH under cellular conditions of an increased intracellular FPP level through metabolic engineering. A MEP pathway has been shown to synthesize IPP and DMAPP efficiently in E. coli. Because of its high hydrophobicity and low volatility, decane was chosen to extract and solubilize FOH from culture broth. The decane overlay in the two-phase culture did not affect growth, and FOH could be solubilized in the decane phase with negligible volatile loss. We adopt 1 mL of decane overlaid to 5 mL of culture broth. Two-phase culture of E. coli JM109 (BBa_K1653025) was carried out in 2YT medium containing 1% glycerol at 29°C for 48 h. The decane phase of the two-phase culture was collected to analyze the FOH content by GC-MS. In the GC-MS analysis (Fig. 4A-G), there was a main peak at 8.5 min in the collected decane phase sample, which corresponded to the reference solution of the standard FOH compound dissolved in decane. Mass spectrometry confirmed that the peak at 8.5 min was FOH (Fig. 4-A). However, the peak was not observed in two-phase culture without introducing BBa_K165025. The formation of FOH from FPP was further confirmed by blocking FPP synthesis. In the GC-MS, the FOH peak was observed in E. coli JM109 (BBa_K1653025) culture, whereas no peak was observed with transformed E. coli JM109. It was found that FOH need not only ispA(BBa_K1653018) but also MEP(BBa_K1653024) in E. coli. We submit new part(BBa_K1653025) as producing FOH.
Gas Chromatography/Mass(GC/MS)
Fig4:The FOH standard solution (Ref) was used as a control. The peak corresponding to the FOH standard at 8.5 min is indicated by an arrow. The peak at 8.5 min was applied to GC/MS. The FOH standard solution (Ref) was used as a control. E. coli JM109(Bba_K165025) were compared with respect to FOH formation using GC-MS.
Geraniol production device
[http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K1653027 BBa_K1653027 ]
We submit new part ([http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K1653025 BBa_K1653027]) as producing geraniol (GOH). GOH is generated through GPP hydrolysis by geraniol synthase.
A MEP pathway has been shown to synthesize IPP and DMAPP efficiently in E. coli.
We tried to detect the geraniol by GC and GC-MS
However, the peaks were not observed.
Then we considered that E. coli engineered with geraniol production device ([http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K1653027 BBa_K1653027]) showed different smell as compared with counterpart control (pSB1C3).
Gold
marA device ([http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K1653020 Part:BBa_K1653020])
We improved the characterization of a previously existing BioBrick Part [http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1230000 BBa_K1230000] and submitted this improved BioBrick marA device as [http://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K1653006 BBa_K1653006] to iGEM Registry.
In exsisting part's information of marA, it gives E. coli resistance against kanamycin only. In this year, we confilmed that overepressing of marA gives E. coli resistance against geraniol as one of the terpene and decrease its intracellular concentration. This information is very beneficial for other iGEMers to production of organic substance that have toxicity using bacteria.
E. coli JM109 and E. coli JM109 (marA) were spotted on LBGMg agar plates in serial ten-fold dilutions (10‐¹～10⁻⁵), overlaid with geraniol solutions, and incubated at 30°C for 24 h. This figure shows that E. coli JM109 (marA) that overxpresses marA is more surviving on geraniol overlay plates than E. coli JM109 (wild type).
A: E. coli JM109 (WT) + hexane B: E. coli JM109 (marA) +hexane C: E. coli JM109 (WT) + geraniol D: E. coli JM109 (marA) +geraniol
A and B increased almost the same on the plate. But C and D differed clealy. After 1 hour, C lost colony on the plate. In contrast, D could see colony all plates.
In our study, we confilmed that overexpressing of marA gives host E. coli high resistance against geraniol and reduce intracellular geraniol concentration.