Difference between revisions of "Team:Goettingen/Experiments"

 
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#menu1, #menu2, #menu3, #menu4, #menu5, #menu6, #menu7, #menu8, #menu9, #menu10, #menu11, #menu12, #menu13, #menu14, #menu15, #menu16, #menu17, #menu18, #menu19, #menu20, #menu21, #menu22, #menu23, #menu24, #menu25, #menu26, #menu27, #menu28, #menu29, #menu30, #menu31{
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#menu1, #menu2, #menu3, #menu4, #menu5, #menu6, #menu7, #menu8, #menu9, #menu10, #menu11, #menu12, #menu13, #menu14, #menu15, #menu16, #menu17, #menu18, #menu19, #menu20, #menu21, #menu22, #menu23, #menu24, #menu25, #menu26, #menu27, #menu28, #menu29, #menu30, #menu31, #menu32, #menu33, #menu34, #menu35, #menu36, #menu37, #menu38, #menu39, #menu40, #menu41{
 
     display:none;
 
     display:none;
 
     width:90%;
 
     width:90%;
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</style>
 
</style>
 
<!-- End of CSS -->
 
<!-- End of CSS -->
<h2> Media </h2>
+
<h2> Media/Buffer </h2>
 
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu1').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1 style="color:white;">LB Medium</h1></a>
 
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu1').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1 style="color:white;">LB Medium</h1></a>
 
<div id="menu1">
 
<div id="menu1">
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             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="150">
 
             <td valign="top" width="150">
                 <p>ad. 1000mL</p>
+
                 <p>ad. 1000 mL</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
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     </ul>
 
     </ul>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Autoclave at 121 <sup>o</sup>C for 20 min.</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Autoclave at 121 <sup>o</sup>C for 20 min.</p>
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The preferred antibiotic is added with the proper concentration (e.g Ampicilin is added to a final concentration of 100 &micro;g/ml)</p>
+
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The preferred antibiotic is added from a concentrated stock solution to an appropriate concentration (e.g Ampicilin is added to a final concentration of 100 &micro;g/ml).</p>
 
     <ul>
 
     <ul>
 
         <li>To the liquid medium antibiotic is added upon usage.</li>
 
         <li>To the liquid medium antibiotic is added upon usage.</li>
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             <td valign="top" width="307">
 
             <td valign="top" width="307">
 
                 <p>
 
                 <p>
                     Oxoid Yeast extract
+
                     Yeast extract
 
                 </p>
 
                 </p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
                 <p>
 
                 <p>
                     40g
+
                     40 g
 
                 </p>
 
                 </p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
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             <td valign="top" width="307">
 
             <td valign="top" width="307">
 
                 <p>
 
                 <p>
                     KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (MW: 136,09)
+
                     KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (MW: 136.09)
 
                 </p>
 
                 </p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
                 <p>
 
                 <p>
                     7,0g
+
                     7.0 g
 
                 </p>
 
                 </p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
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             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
                 <p>
 
                 <p>
                     15,14g
+
                     15.14 g
 
                 </p>
 
                 </p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
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             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
                 <p>
 
                 <p>
                     ad. 1000mL
+
                     ad. 1000 mL
 
                 </p>
 
                 </p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
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</table>
 
</table>
 
<p>
 
<p>
     pH 6,8 with NaOH (ca. 10mL 1M NaOH)
+
     pH 6.8 with NaOH (ca. 10mL 1M NaOH)
 
</p>
 
</p>
 
<p>
 
<p>
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             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
                 <p>
 
                 <p>
                     14mL
+
                     14 mL
 
                 </p>
 
                 </p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
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             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
                 <p>
 
                 <p>
                     7,5mL
+
                     7.5 mL
 
                 </p>
 
                 </p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
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     </tbody>
 
     </tbody>
 
</table>
 
</table>
 +
</div>
 +
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu37').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1 style="color:white;"> Media and Culture Methods for Dockerin Organisms of Origin</h1></a>
 +
<div id="menu37">
 +
<p>
 +
    <strong>Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens</strong>
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
  <a href="https://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium315.pdf">DSMZ Medium 315</a>
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    <strong>Clostridium cellulolyticum</strong>
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
  <a href="https://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium520.pdf"> DSMZ Medium 520</a>
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    <strong>Clostridium thermocellum</strong>
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
  <a href="https://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium122.pdf">DSMZ Medium 122</a>
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    <strong>Acetivibrio cellulolyticus</strong>
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
  <a href="https://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium165.pdf">DSMZ Medium 165</a>
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    <a href="http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium141.pdf">DSMZ Medium 141</a>
 +
</p>
 +
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">A: Stock reagents</span></p>
 
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">A: Stock reagents</span></p>
<p>1M IPTG (4,76 g in 20ml Millipore-H2O) filter with blue 0,22 um sterile filter and freeze at -20˚C</p>
+
<p>1M IPTG (4.76 g in 20ml Millipore-H2O) filter with blue 0.22 µm sterile filter and freeze at -20˚C</p>
<p>50mg/ml Kanamycin in Millipore H2O, filter with blue 0,22 um sterile filter and freeze at -20˚C</p>
+
<p>50mg/ml Kanamycin in Millipore H2O, filter with blue 0.22 µm sterile filter and freeze at -20˚C</p>
<p>100mg/ml Ampicillin in 50% ethanol, filter with blue 0,22 um sterile filter and freeze at -20˚C</p>
+
<p>100mg/ml Ampicillin in 50% ethanol, filter with blue 0.22 µm sterile filter and freeze at -20˚C</p>
<p>25mg/ml BCIP (in DMF) filter with blue 0,22 um sterile filter and keep in a falcon tube wrapped with aluminum foil at 4˚C. BCIP: Biomol Nr. 2291 (MG 433,64)</p>
+
<p>25mg/ml BCIP (in DMF) filter with blue 0.22 µm sterile filter and keep in a falcon tube wrapped with aluminum foil at 4˚C. BCIP: Biomol Nr. 2291 (MG 433.64)</p>
 
<p>Glycerol (99%), autoclaved and kept at room temperature</p>
 
<p>Glycerol (99%), autoclaved and kept at room temperature</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">B: Sperber medium</span></p>
 
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">B: Sperber medium</span></p>
 
<p>1g Yeast extract</p>
 
<p>1g Yeast extract</p>
<p>3,5 ml 50% w/w Phytic acid</p>
+
<p>3.5 ml 50% w/w Phytic acid</p>
<p>0,2g CaCl2</p>
+
<p>0.2 g CaCl2</p>
<p>0,5g MgSO4</p>
+
<p>0.5 g MgSO4</p>
<p>Adjust the pH to 7,2 with NaOH</p>
+
<p>Adjust the pH to 7.2 with NaOH</p>
<p>Ad 2L of Millipore H2O</p>
+
<p>Ad 2 L of Millipore H2O</p>
<p>32g agar</p>
+
<p>32 g agar</p>
 
<p>Autoclave</p>
 
<p>Autoclave</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>For 2 L medium:</p>
 
<p>For 2 L medium:</p>
<p>2ml BCIP</p>
+
<p>2 ml BCIP</p>
<p>2ml 1M IPTG</p>
+
<p>2 ml 1M IPTG</p>
<p>2ml Ampicllin or Kanamycin</p>
+
<p>2 ml Ampicllin or Kanamycin</p>
<p>40mL Glycerol</p>
+
<p>40 mL Glycerol</p>
 
<p>The media is now ready for plating</p>
 
<p>The media is now ready for plating</p>
 
<p><br /> <strong>Result</strong>: On Sperber medium phosphatase-recombinant colonies should develop a distinct color blue after 2 days.</p>
 
<p><br /> <strong>Result</strong>: On Sperber medium phosphatase-recombinant colonies should develop a distinct color blue after 2 days.</p>
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large; color: #888888;"><strong><span lang="EN-GB"></span></strong></span></p>
 
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large; color: #888888;"><strong><span lang="EN-GB"></span></strong></span></p>
 
<p><span lang="EN-GB">&nbsp;</span></p>
 
<p><span lang="EN-GB">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-GB">To 500ml of LB Media add 7,5g of Agar and 5ml of Tributyrin and homogenize with a mixer.</span></p>
+
<p><span lang="EN-GB">To 500 ml of LB Media add 7.5 g of Agar and 5 ml of Tributyrin and homogenize with a mixer.</span></p>
 
<p><span lang="EN-GB">This culture medium must be directly sterilized by autoclaving at 121˚C for 20 min.</span></p>
 
<p><span lang="EN-GB">This culture medium must be directly sterilized by autoclaving at 121˚C for 20 min.</span></p>
 
<p><span lang="EN-GB">If you wait too long it will be inhomogeneous again!</span></p>
 
<p><span lang="EN-GB">If you wait too long it will be inhomogeneous again!</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-GB">When the medium cools down enough, the antibiotic can be added.</span></p>
+
<p><span lang="EN-GB">When the medium cools down to 50°C, the antibiotic can be added.</span></p>
 
<p><span lang="EN-GB">&nbsp;</span></p>
 
<p><span lang="EN-GB">&nbsp;</span></p>
 
<p><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Result:</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB"> Halo formation is visible around the positive clones.</span></p>
 
<p><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Result:</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB"> Halo formation is visible around the positive clones.</span></p>
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     <p>The stock solution will be stored at +4 &deg;C.</p>
 
     <p>The stock solution will be stored at +4 &deg;C.</p>
 
     <p><strong>C: Prepare the agar plates</strong></p>
 
     <p><strong>C: Prepare the agar plates</strong></p>
     <p>When the medium cools down to around 60&deg;C, put the bottle containing LB-agar base on a magnetic mixer. At the same time, disperse the substrate by flip the falcon tube several times. Then, pour the substrate into the LB-agar base gently until the substrate suspend evenly in the agar medium (For how much substrate should be poured, ask the supervisor). Other reagents like antibiotic can also be added. Ca. 3-5 ml substrate per Liter medium.</p>
+
     <p>When the medium cools down to around 60 &deg;C, put the bottle containing LB-agar base on a magnetic mixer. At the same time, disperse the substrate by flip the falcon tube several times. Then, pour the substrate into the LB-agar base gently until the substrate suspend evenly in the agar medium (For how much substrate should be poured, ask the supervisor). Other reagents like antibiotic can also be added. Ca. 3-5 ml substrate per Liter medium.</p>
 
     <p><strong>D: Preparation of agar plates contacting cellulose substrate</strong></p>
 
     <p><strong>D: Preparation of agar plates contacting cellulose substrate</strong></p>
 
     <p>After dispersing substrate and adding antibiotic to LB-agar , pour the medium quickly with continuous stirring onto the plates and make sure to make a thin layer of medium. Let the plates to dry and store them at 4 &deg;C.</p>
 
     <p>After dispersing substrate and adding antibiotic to LB-agar , pour the medium quickly with continuous stirring onto the plates and make sure to make a thin layer of medium. Let the plates to dry and store them at 4 &deg;C.</p>
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     <p>&nbsp;</p>
 
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
 +
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu33').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1 style="color:white;">1x TAE Buffer</h1></a>
 +
<div id="menu33">
 +
 +
<p>1 x TAE Buffer</p>
 +
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
 +
    <tbody>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="307">
 +
                <p>Tris</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="307">
 +
                <p>24.22 g</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="307">
 +
                <p>Acetic acid (100%)</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="307">
 +
                <p>5.74 ml</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="307">
 +
                <p>EDTA (0.5M, pH 8.0)</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="307">
 +
                <p>10 ml</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="307">
 +
                <p>H<sub>2</sub>O dest.</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="307">
 +
                <p>ad. 5 L</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
    </tbody>
 +
</table>
 +
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 +
</div>
 +
 
<h2> Cloning Methods </h2>
 
<h2> Cloning Methods </h2>
 
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu6').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1>PCR product purification using QIAquick&reg; PCR Purification Kit (QIAGEN)</h1></a>
 
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu6').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1>PCR product purification using QIAquick&reg; PCR Purification Kit (QIAGEN)</h1></a>
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     <ul>
 
     <ul>
 
         <li>Add ethanol (96&ndash;100%) to Buffer PE before use.</li>
 
         <li>Add ethanol (96&ndash;100%) to Buffer PE before use.</li>
         <li>All centrifugation steps are carried out at 17,900 x g (13,000 rpm) in a conventional table-top microcentrifuge at room temperature.</li>
+
         <li>All centrifugation steps are carried out at 17900 g in a conventional table-top microcentrifuge at room temperature.</li>
 
     </ul>
 
     </ul>
 
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
 
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
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     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fractionate DNA fragments by running a agarose gel (Do not stain the gel with Ethidium bromide or expose the DNA to UV for too long).</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fractionate DNA fragments by running a agarose gel (Do not stain the gel with Ethidium bromide or expose the DNA to UV for too long).</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Add equal volume of Binding Buffer to the gel slice and incubate at 65ᵒC for 8 min. Vortex or mix every 2 to 3 min until the agarose dissolves completely. (0.2 g of gel equivalent to 0.2 ml)</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Add equal volume of Binding Buffer to the gel slice and incubate at 65ᵒC for 8 min. Vortex or mix every 2 to 3 min until the agarose dissolves completely. (0.2 g of gel equivalent to 0.2 ml)</p>
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pour the mixture into PerfectBind DNA column (which is placed in a 2 ml collection tube) and centrifuge for 1 min at 10,000 x g.(max. 750 &micro;l) Discard the flow-through and place the PerfectBind DNA column in the same tube. Repeat the steps if required.</p>
+
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pour the mixture into PerfectBind DNA column (which is placed in a 2 ml collection tube) and centrifuge for 1 min at 10000 x g.(max. 750 &micro;l) Discard the flow-through and place the PerfectBind DNA column in the same tube. Repeat the steps if required.</p>
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Add 300 &micro;l of binding Buffer to the PerfectBind DNA column for the washing the contaminants and centrifuge for 1 min at 10,000 x g. Discard the flow-through and place the column in the same tube</p>
+
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Add 300 &micro;l of binding Buffer to the PerfectBind DNA column for the washing the contaminants and centrifuge for 1 min at 10000 x g. Discard the flow-through and place the column in the same tube</p>
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Add 750 &micro;l of CG Wash Buffer to the PerfectBind DNA column for the wash, incubate for 2 to 3 min and centrifuge for 1 min at 10,000 x g. Discard the flow-through and place the column in the same tube. Repeat this step once more.</p>
+
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Add 750 &micro;l of CG Wash Buffer to the PerfectBind DNA column for the wash, incubate for 2 to 3 min and centrifuge for 1 min at 10000 x g. Discard the flow-through and place the column in the same tube. Repeat this step once more.</p>
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Centrifuge the PerfectBind DNA column once more in the 2 ml collection tube for 1 min at 10,000 x g to remove the residual wash buffer.</p>
+
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Centrifuge the PerfectBind DNA column once more in the 2 ml collection tube for 1 min at 10000 x g to remove the residual wash buffer.</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Place the PerfectBind DNA column in a clean 1.5 ml eppendorf tube.</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Place the PerfectBind DNA column in a clean 1.5 ml eppendorf tube.</p>
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Add 50 &micro;l of pre-warmed sterile water to the PerfectBind DNA column and incubate for 2 to 3 min (normally in a 2 step process of 30 &micro;l in first elution step and 20 &micro;l in second elution step) and centrifuge at 5,000 x g for 1 min.</p>
+
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Add 50 &micro;l of pre-warmed sterile water to the PerfectBind DNA column and incubate for 2 to 3 min (normally in a 2 step process of 30 &micro;l in first elution step and 20 &micro;l in second elution step) and centrifuge at 5000 x g for 1 min.</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Store the purified DNA at -20ᵒC.</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Store the purified DNA at -20ᵒC.</p>
 
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
 
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
 
     <p></p>
 
     <p></p>
 
</div>
 
</div>
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu4').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1>Blunt End Ligation in pJET1.2 vector &ndash;Clone JET PCR Cloning Kit&ndash;Thermo Scientific</h1></a>
+
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu4').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1>Blunt End Ligation in pJET1.2 vector &ndash;Clone JET PCR Cloning Kit&ndash; (Thermo Scientific)</h1></a>
 
<div id="menu4">
 
<div id="menu4">
 
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
 
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
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             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="246">
 
             <td valign="top" width="246">
                 <p>10&micro;l</p>
+
                 <p>10 &micro;l</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
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             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="246">
 
             <td valign="top" width="246">
                 <p>125ng</p>
+
                 <p>125 ng</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 389: Line 464:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="246">
 
             <td valign="top" width="246">
                 <p>50ng (1&micro;l)</p>
+
                 <p>50 ng (1&micro;l)</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 397: Line 472:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="246">
 
             <td valign="top" width="246">
                 <p>1&micro;l</p>
+
                 <p>1 &micro;l</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 405: Line 480:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="246">
 
             <td valign="top" width="246">
                 <p>x&micro;l</p>
+
                 <p>x &micro;l</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 413: Line 488:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="246">
 
             <td valign="top" width="246">
                 <p>20&micro;l</p>
+
                 <p>20 &micro;l</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 422: Line 497:
 
     <p>Cloning principle:</p>
 
     <p>Cloning principle:</p>
 
     <ul>
 
     <ul>
         <li>pJET1.2 is a linearized cloning vector which accepts inserts from 6 bp to 10 kb. Since the 5&rsquo;-ends of the vector contain phosporyl groups, therefore phosphorylation of the PCR products is not required.</li>
+
         <li>pJET1.2 is a linearized cloning vector designed for inserts from 6 bp to 10 kb. The 5&rsquo;-ends of the vector contain phosporyl groups, therefore phosphorylation of the PCR products is indicated.</li>
 
     </ul>
 
     </ul>
 
     <ul>
 
     <ul>
Line 428: Line 503:
 
     </ul>
 
     </ul>
 
     <ul>
 
     <ul>
         <li>Optimal PCR product quantity for ligation reaction is to be calculated from the Kit protocol, For the length of 2500 bp of PCR product, to have 0.15 pmol ends of the PCR product in the ligation reaction 125 ng of the PCR product should be used.</li>
+
         <li>Optimal PCR product quantity for ligation reaction is to be calculated from the Kit protocol, For the length of 2.5 kb of PCR product, to have 0.15 pmol ends of the PCR product in the ligation reaction 125 ng of the PCR product should be used.</li>
 
     </ul>
 
     </ul>
 
     <ul>
 
     <ul>
Line 434: Line 509:
 
     </ul>
 
     </ul>
 
     </div>
 
     </div>
     <a href="" onClick=" $('#menu5').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1>TOPO&reg; Cloning protocol usingChampion&trade; pET Directional TOPO&reg; Expression Kits. Thermo Fisher Scientific</h1></a>
+
 
 +
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu32').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1>Sticky End T4 Ligation (Thermo Scientific)</h1></a>
 +
<div id="menu32">
 +
<p><strong>T4 Ligation - Thermo Fisher Scientific - sticky end ligation</strong></p>
 +
<p>1. Prepare the following reaction mixture:</p>
 +
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
 +
    <tbody>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="184">
 +
                <p>Linear vector DNA</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="104">
 +
                <p align="center">20 ng</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="184">
 +
                <p>Insert DNA</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="104">
 +
                <p align="center">80 ng</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="184">
 +
                <p>10x T4 DNA Ligase buffer</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="104">
 +
                <p align="center">2 &micro;l</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="184">
 +
                <p>Thermo Scientific T4 DNA Ligase (Cat #EL0016)</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="104">
 +
                <p align="center">1 U</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="184">
 +
                <p>Nuclease free H<sub>2</sub>O</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td valign="top" width="104">
 +
                <p align="center">Add to 20 &micro;l</p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
    </tbody>
 +
</table>
 +
<p>2. Incubate 1 hour at RT</p>
 +
<p>3. Heat inactivation of T4 DNA Ligase at 65 &deg;C for 10 minutes or at 70 &deg;C for 5 min</p>
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
     <a href="" onClick=" $('#menu5').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1>TOPO&reg; Cloning protocol usingChampion&trade; pET Directional TOPO&reg; Expression Kits (Thermo Fisher Scientific)</h1></a>
 
<div id="menu5">
 
<div id="menu5">
  
 
     <ul>
 
     <ul>
         <li>You will perform TOPO&reg; Cloning in a reaction buffer containing salt. Note that the amount of salt added to the TOPO&reg; Cloning reaction varies depending on whether you plan to transform chemically competent cells or electrocompetent cells.</li>
+
         <li>You will perform TOPO&reg; Cloning in a reaction buffer containing salt. Note: the amount of salt added to the TOPO&reg; Cloning reaction has to be adapted to the planned transformation protocol (chemically competent cells or electrocompetent cells).</li>
 
     </ul>
 
     </ul>
 
     <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Set up the TOPO&reg; Cloning reaction depending on the transformation method.</p>
 
     <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Set up the TOPO&reg; Cloning reaction depending on the transformation method.</p>
Line 489: Line 617:
 
         <tr>
 
         <tr>
 
             <td valign="top" width="174">
 
             <td valign="top" width="174">
                 <p>Sterile Water</p>
+
                 <p>Sterile water</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="212">
 
             <td valign="top" width="212">
Line 558: Line 686:
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transfer the culture without any air bubbles into pre-cooled electroporation cuvettes (40 &micro;l maximum) and incubate on ice for 10 minutes.</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transfer the culture without any air bubbles into pre-cooled electroporation cuvettes (40 &micro;l maximum) and incubate on ice for 10 minutes.</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Electroporate using the electroporator with 1.25 mV, 5 decharge time.</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Electroporate using the electroporator with 1.25 mV, 5 decharge time.</p>
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Immediately after electroporation, transfer 300 &micro;l room temperature LB medium on top of the cells&nbsp; and transfer it into an 1.5ml fresh E-cup</p>
+
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Immediately after electroporation, transfer 300 &micro;l room temperature LB medium on top of the cells&nbsp; and transfer it into an 1.5 ml fresh E-cup</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Incubate the culture for 1 hour at 37&deg;C and 150 rpm</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Incubate the culture for 1 hour at 37&deg;C and 150 rpm</p>
 
     <p><sup>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </sup>Spread a 100 &micro;l from the dilution series (10<sup>-3</sup> to 10<sup>-6</sup>) on a pre-warmed LB plate containing ampicillin</p>
 
     <p><sup>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </sup>Spread a 100 &micro;l from the dilution series (10<sup>-3</sup> to 10<sup>-6</sup>) on a pre-warmed LB plate containing ampicillin</p>
Line 579: Line 707:
 
     <p>- Inoculate the medium with the desired <em>E.coli</em> strain and incubate overnight at 37 <sup>o</sup>C with agitation (150 rpm).</p>
 
     <p>- Inoculate the medium with the desired <em>E.coli</em> strain and incubate overnight at 37 <sup>o</sup>C with agitation (150 rpm).</p>
  
     <p>- Pellet the overnight culture by centrifugation at 8000 rpm (6800xg) for 3 min at room temperature.</p>
+
     <p>- Pellet the overnight culture by centrifugation at 8,000 rpm (6,800xg) for 3 min at room temperature.</p>
  
 
     <p>- Resuspend pelleted bacterial cells in 250 &mu;l Buffer P1 and transfer it to a microcentrifuge tube.</p>
 
     <p>- Resuspend pelleted bacterial cells in 250 &mu;l Buffer P1 and transfer it to a microcentrifuge tube.</p>
Line 587: Line 715:
 
     <p>- Add 350 &mu;l Buffer N3 and mix immediately and thoroughly by inverting the tube 4&ndash;6 times.</p>
 
     <p>- Add 350 &mu;l Buffer N3 and mix immediately and thoroughly by inverting the tube 4&ndash;6 times.</p>
  
     <p>- Centrifuge for 10 min at 13,000 rpm (~17,900 x g) in a table-top microcentrifuge.</p>
+
     <p>- Centrifuge for 10 min at 17,900 x g in a table-top microcentrifuge.</p>
  
 
     <p>- Apply the supernatant to the QIAprep spin column by decanting. Centrifuge 60 s. Discard the flow-through.</p>
 
     <p>- Apply the supernatant to the QIAprep spin column by decanting. Centrifuge 60 s. Discard the flow-through.</p>
Line 619: Line 747:
 
     </p>
 
     </p>
 
     <p>
 
     <p>
         Centrifuge the culture at 10000 x g for 2 min to obtain the pellet and repeat the process until the culture is completely centrifuged. Store the pellet of
+
         Centrifuge the culture at 10,000 x g for 2 min to obtain the pellet and repeat the process until the culture is completely centrifuged. Store the pellet of
 
         1 ml of the culture at -20°C for future use.
 
         1 ml of the culture at -20°C for future use.
 
     </p>
 
     </p>
Line 631: Line 759:
 
     <p>
 
     <p>
 
         Add 350 µl of Solution III to the cleared lysate and gently mix by inverting the tubes 6 -10 times until a flocculent white precipitate is formed.
 
         Add 350 µl of Solution III to the cleared lysate and gently mix by inverting the tubes 6 -10 times until a flocculent white precipitate is formed.
         Centrifuge at 10000 x g for 10 min at room temperature.
+
         Centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 10 min at room temperature.
 
     </p>
 
     </p>
 
     <p>
 
     <p>
 
         Transfer the clear supernatant to a fresh PerfectBind DNA Column in a 2 ml Collection Tube. Centrifuge the Column with the Collection Tube for 1 min at
 
         Transfer the clear supernatant to a fresh PerfectBind DNA Column in a 2 ml Collection Tube. Centrifuge the Column with the Collection Tube for 1 min at
         10000 x g at room temperature. Discard the flow-through liquid.
+
         10,000 x g at room temperature. Discard the flow-through liquid.
 
     </p>
 
     </p>
 
     <p>
 
     <p>
         Add 500 µl of PW Plasmid buffer to the PerfectBind DNA Column in the Collection Tube and centrifuge for 1 min at 10000 x g. Discard the flow-through.
+
         Add 500 µl of PW Plasmid buffer to the PerfectBind DNA Column in the Collection Tube and centrifuge for 1 min at 10,000 x g. Discard the flow-through.
 
     </p>
 
     </p>
 
     <p>
 
     <p>
         Add 750 µl of DNA Wash buffer to the PerfectBind DNA Column in the Collection tube and centrifuge for 1 min at 10000 x g. Discard the flow-through. Repeat
+
         Add 750 µl of DNA Wash buffer to the PerfectBind DNA Column in the Collection tube and centrifuge for 1 min at 10,000 x g. Discard the flow-through. Repeat
 
         this step to obtain optimum results.
 
         this step to obtain optimum results.
 
     </p>
 
     </p>
 
     <p>
 
     <p>
         Place the PerfectBind DNA Column in the Collection tube and centrifuge for 2 min at 10000 x g to dry the column matrix. This step is essential to remove
+
         Place the PerfectBind DNA Column in the Collection tube and centrifuge for 2 min at 10,000 x g to dry the column matrix. This step is essential to remove
 
         ethanol from the column.
 
         ethanol from the column.
 
     </p>
 
     </p>
 
     <p>
 
     <p>
 
         Place the PerfectBind DNA Column into a fresh 1.5 ml Eppendorf tube. Add 50 µl of pre-warmed sterile deionized water directly to the binding matrix in the
 
         Place the PerfectBind DNA Column into a fresh 1.5 ml Eppendorf tube. Add 50 µl of pre-warmed sterile deionized water directly to the binding matrix in the
         PerfectBind DNA Column and centrifuge for 1 min at 5000 x g to elute the DNA.
+
         PerfectBind DNA Column and centrifuge for 1 min at 5,000 x g to elute the DNA.
 
     </p>
 
     </p>
 
     <p>
 
     <p>
Line 672: Line 800:
 
     <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pH 7.5 with acetic acid</p>
 
     <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pH 7.5 with acetic acid</p>
 
     <p>Buffer RF2 (80 ml):&nbsp; 1.6 ml MOPS (0.5 M) stock solution</p>
 
     <p>Buffer RF2 (80 ml):&nbsp; 1.6 ml MOPS (0.5 M) stock solution</p>
     <p>&nbsp; PH 6.8 with NaOH</p>
+
     <p>&nbsp; pH 6.8 with NaOH</p>
 
     <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0.096 g RbCl</p>
 
     <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0.096 g RbCl</p>
 
     <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0.88 g CaCl<sub>2</sub>.2H<sub>2</sub>O</p>
 
     <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0.88 g CaCl<sub>2</sub>.2H<sub>2</sub>O</p>
Line 678: Line 806:
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Inoculate a 4 ml culture either with a single colony or with a cryoculture of the desired <em>E.coli </em>strainand incubate the culture with agitation overnight at 37&deg;C</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Inoculate a 4 ml culture either with a single colony or with a cryoculture of the desired <em>E.coli </em>strainand incubate the culture with agitation overnight at 37&deg;C</p>
 
     <p><sub>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </sub>Inoculate a 300 ml shake flask containing 100 ml LB medium with the overnight culture to an OD<sub>600</sub>&nbsp; of 0.05 and grow the culture at 37&deg;C until the OD<sub>600</sub>is about 0.3</p>
 
     <p><sub>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </sub>Inoculate a 300 ml shake flask containing 100 ml LB medium with the overnight culture to an OD<sub>600</sub>&nbsp; of 0.05 and grow the culture at 37&deg;C until the OD<sub>600</sub>is about 0.3</p>
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transfer the cells into two 50 ml falcon tubes, incubate the cultures for 15 minues on ice and harvest the cells by centrifugation for 15 min at 5000 rpm and 4&deg;C. Discard the supernatants.</p>
+
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transfer the cells into two 50 ml falcon tubes, incubate the cultures for 15 minues on ice and harvest the cells by centrifugation for 15 min at 5,000 rpm and 4&deg;C. Discard the supernatants.</p>
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resuspend the cells in 1/3 of the original volume (~16 ml/50 ml) of buffer RF1, incubate the cells again on ice and harvest the cells by centrifugation for 15 min at 5000 rpm and 4&deg;C. Discard the supernatants.</p>
+
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resuspend the cells in 1/3 of the original volume (~16 ml/50 ml) of buffer RF1, incubate the cells again on ice and harvest the cells by centrifugation for 15 min at 5,000 rpm and 4&deg;C. Discard the supernatants.</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resuspend the cells in 4 ml of buffer RF2 and incubate the suspensions for 15 min on ice. Prepare the Eppendorf tubes and liquid nitrogen.</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resuspend the cells in 4 ml of buffer RF2 and incubate the suspensions for 15 min on ice. Prepare the Eppendorf tubes and liquid nitrogen.</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Put 0.4 ml of the cell suspension into the Eppendorf reaction tubes and freeze the cells by transferring them immediately to the liquid nitrogen. Store the competent cells at -80&deg;C</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Put 0.4 ml of the cell suspension into the Eppendorf reaction tubes and freeze the cells by transferring them immediately to the liquid nitrogen. Store the competent cells at -80&deg;C</p>
Line 705: Line 833:
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Inoculate a 20 ml culture either with a single colony or with the cryoculture of the desired <em>E.coli </em>strainand incubate the culture with agitation for 20 h at 28&deg;C</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Inoculate a 20 ml culture either with a single colony or with the cryoculture of the desired <em>E.coli </em>strainand incubate the culture with agitation for 20 h at 28&deg;C</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Inoculate a 250 ml SOB medium supplemented in a 2 l shake flask and grow the cells to an OD<sub>600</sub>&nbsp; of 0.5- 0.9 (20-20 h) at 18&deg;C and 200-250 rpm</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Inoculate a 250 ml SOB medium supplemented in a 2 l shake flask and grow the cells to an OD<sub>600</sub>&nbsp; of 0.5- 0.9 (20-20 h) at 18&deg;C and 200-250 rpm</p>
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Incubate the whole flask for 10 min on ice. Collect the cells by centrifugation for 10 min at 4&deg;C and 5000 rpm. Resuspend the cells in 80 ml of ice-cold TB and incubate them for 10 min on ice. Collect the cells by centrifugation for 5 min at 5000 rpm.</p>
+
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Incubate the whole flask for 10 min on ice. Collect the cells by centrifugation for 10 min at 4&deg;C and 5000 rpm. Resuspend the cells in 80 ml of ice-cold TB and incubate them for 10 min on ice. Collect the cells by centrifugation for 5 min at 5,000 rpm.</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resuspend the cells in a 20 ml of ice-cold TB. Add DMSO to a final concentration of 7% (1.4 ml) and gently shake the falcon tube.</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resuspend the cells in a 20 ml of ice-cold TB. Add DMSO to a final concentration of 7% (1.4 ml) and gently shake the falcon tube.</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transfer 0.2 ml aliquots into labelled eppendorf reaction tubes and freeze the cells in liquid nitrogen. Store the cells at &ndash;80&deg;C.</p>
 
     <p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transfer 0.2 ml aliquots into labelled eppendorf reaction tubes and freeze the cells in liquid nitrogen. Store the cells at &ndash;80&deg;C.</p>
Line 718: Line 846:
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p><strong>Protocol as distributed by iGEM (modified) </strong></p>
 
<p><strong>Protocol as distributed by iGEM (modified) </strong></p>
<p>Spin down the DNA tubes from the Transformation Efficiency Kit to collect all of the DNA into the bottom of each tube prior to use. A quick spin of 20-30 seconds at 8,000-10,000 rpm will be sufficient. Note: There should be 50 &micro;L of DNA in each tube sent in the Kit.</p>
+
<p>Spin down the DNA tubes from the Transformation Efficiency Kit to collect all of the DNA into the bottom of each tube prior to use. A quick spin of 20-30 seconds at 8000-10000 rpm will be sufficient. Note: There should be 50 &micro;L of DNA in each tube sent in the Kit.</p>
 
<p>Thaw competent cells on ice. Label one 2.0 ml microcentrifuge tube for each concentration and then pre-chill by placing the tubes on ice.</p>
 
<p>Thaw competent cells on ice. Label one 2.0 ml microcentrifuge tube for each concentration and then pre-chill by placing the tubes on ice.</p>
 
<p>Pipet 1 &micro;L of DNA into each microcentrifuge tube. For each concentration, use a separate tube.</p>
 
<p>Pipet 1 &micro;L of DNA into each microcentrifuge tube. For each concentration, use a separate tube.</p>
Line 727: Line 855:
 
<p>Pipet 20 &micro;L from each tube onto the appropriate plate, and spread the mixture evenly across the plate. Do triplicates (3 each) of each tube if possible, so you can calculate an average colony yield. Incubate at 37&deg;C overnight. Position the plates so the agar side is facing up, and the lid is facing down.</p>
 
<p>Pipet 20 &micro;L from each tube onto the appropriate plate, and spread the mixture evenly across the plate. Do triplicates (3 each) of each tube if possible, so you can calculate an average colony yield. Incubate at 37&deg;C overnight. Position the plates so the agar side is facing up, and the lid is facing down.</p>
 
<p>Count the number of colonies on a light field or a dark background, such as a lab bench. Use the following equation to calculate your competent cell efficiency. If you've done triplicates of each sample, use the average cell colony count in the calculation.</p>
 
<p>Count the number of colonies on a light field or a dark background, such as a lab bench. Use the following equation to calculate your competent cell efficiency. If you've done triplicates of each sample, use the average cell colony count in the calculation.</p>
<p>(colonies on plate) / ng of DNA plated x 1000ng/&micro;g</p>
+
<p>(colonies on plate) / ng of DNA plated x 1,000ng/&micro;g</p>
 
<p>Note: The measurement "ng of DNA plated" refers to how much DNA was plated onto each agar plate, not the total amount of DNA used per transformation. You can calculate this number using the following equation:</p>
 
<p>Note: The measurement "ng of DNA plated" refers to how much DNA was plated onto each agar plate, not the total amount of DNA used per transformation. You can calculate this number using the following equation:</p>
 
<p>1 &micro;L x concentration of DNA (refer to vial) x (volume plated / total reaction volume)</p>
 
<p>1 &micro;L x concentration of DNA (refer to vial) x (volume plated / total reaction volume)</p>
Line 737: Line 865:
  
 
<h2> Protein Extraction and Purification</h2>
 
<h2> Protein Extraction and Purification</h2>
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu29').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1 style="color:white;">Protein Extraction (French Press) and Purification (Protino® Ni-IDA 2000 His-Tag protein purification, Macherey-Nagel)</h1></a>
+
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu36').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1 style="color:white;"> Induction, harvest and disruption of expression cultures</h1></a>
 +
<div id="menu36">
 +
<p>
 +
    <u>Induction</u>
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
Recombinant protein expression was exclusively realized in <em>E.coli</em>. pET101-ScaA was expressed in BL21(DE3) cells under the control of the    <em>lac</em> operon, and pBAD-RFP-ACEL (and all other pBAD constructs) was expressed in TOP 10 cells under the control of the <em>ara</em> operon. The
 +
    procedure is as follows:<u></u>
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Inoculate “fat” LB expression medium, having a volume corresponding to 5 % of the shake flask that is used, with 5 % (v/v) of an overnight LB starter
 +
    culture grown at 37°C and 150 rpm.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Incubate the expression culture at 37°C and 150 rpm until an OD<sub>600</sub> between 2.5 and 3.5 is reached.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Induce protein expression by adding the appropriate inducer to the expression culture. In case of pET101-ScaA use 1 mM IPTG and in case of pBAD-RFP-ACEL
 +
    use 0.2 % (v/v) L-arabinose.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Incubate the expression culture for 20 h at 37°C and 150 rpm.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Take a 1 ml sample before induction and before cell harvesting in order to analyze the expression effectivity of target proteins by SDS-PAGE.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    <u>Cell Harvest</u>
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Pellet the culture at 4°C, 13000rpm for 20min (SLA-3000 rotor, Sorvall).
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Resuspend and wash with an equal volume of LEW Buffer (see Protein extraction).
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Repeat previous centrifugation step.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Freeze pellet until further use or prepare for French Press.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    <u>Cell extraction by French Press</u>
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Resuspend pellet in 20mL 1x LEW Buffer .
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Take a small sample (10µl) for microscopy.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Disrupt cells by using a discontinuous high-pressure homogenizer (e.g., French-Press, 4 cycles at 1000 psi).
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    take a small sample (10µl) and analyse both before and after press samples under the microscope. Look for inclusion bodies.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Sediment cell debris via centrifugation for 30 min at 13000 rpm (SS-34 rotor, Sorvall) and 4°C.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Filter the resulting supernatant through 0.45 µm sterile filters and subsequently apply it <a name="_GoBack"></a>to chromatographic purification steps.
 +
</p>
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu29').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1 style="color:white;">Protein Purification (Protino® Ni-IDA 2000 His-Tag protein purification, Macherey-Nagel)</h1></a>
 
<div id="menu29">
 
<div id="menu29">
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
Line 750: Line 942:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
                 <p>7.8g</p>
+
                 <p>7.8 g</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 758: Line 950:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
                 <p>17.5g</p>
+
                 <p>17.5 g</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 766: Line 958:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
                 <p>ad. 1000mL</p>
+
                 <p>ad. 1000 mL</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 781: Line 973:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
                 <p>7.8g</p>
+
                 <p>7.8 g</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 789: Line 981:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
                 <p>17.5g</p>
+
                 <p>17.5 g</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 797: Line 989:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
                 <p>17.0g</p>
+
                 <p>17.0 g</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 805: Line 997:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
 
             <td valign="top" width="97">
                 <p>ad. 1000mL</p>
+
                 <p>ad. 1,000 mL</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 813: Line 1,005:
 
<p>Adjust to pH 8.0 using NaOH.</p>
 
<p>Adjust to pH 8.0 using NaOH.</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>1.) Cell extraction by French Press:</strong></p>
+
 
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resuspend pellet in 20mL 1x LEW Buffer from the kit</p>
+
<p><strong>Protino&reg; Ni-IDA 2,000 His-Tag protein purification (Macherey-Nagel)</strong></p>
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Take a small sample (10&micro;l) for microscopy</p>
+
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Wet Ni-IDA column with 4 mL of 1x LEW buffer and discard flow through</p>
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Press 4 times with a French Press at High Pressure and collect the flow through</p>
+
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Take a small sample (10&micro;l) and analyse both before and after press samples under the microscope. Look for inclusion bodies.</p>
+
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Centrifuge pressed samples at 4&deg;C and 13000 rpm for 45 minutes, keep supernatant</p>
+
<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
<p><strong>2.) Protino&reg; Ni-IDA 2000 His-Tag protein purification (Macherey-Nagel)</strong></p>
+
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Wet Ni-IDA column with 4mL of 1x LEW buffer and discard flow through</p>
+
 
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Run supernatant from the cell extraction through the column and collect flow through (cell extract, store at 4&deg;C)</p>
 
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Run supernatant from the cell extraction through the column and collect flow through (cell extract, store at 4&deg;C)</p>
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Wash column 3 times with 4ml 1x LEW Buffer</p>
+
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Wash column 3 times with 4 mL 1x LEW Buffer</p>
 
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Collect each flow through (wash 1-3) and store at 4&deg;C</p>
 
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Collect each flow through (wash 1-3) and store at 4&deg;C</p>
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Elute protein 3 times with 3mL Elution Buffer (contains Imidazole)</p>
+
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Elute protein 3 times with 3 mL Elution Buffer (contains Imidazole)</p>
 
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Collect each elution and store fractions at 4&deg;C</p>
 
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Collect each elution and store fractions at 4&deg;C</p>
 
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Quantify protein content by Bradford measurement (see Bradford assay)</p>
 
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Quantify protein content by Bradford measurement (see Bradford assay)</p>
 +
</div>
 +
 +
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu34').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1 style="color:white;"> Affinity chromatography of His-tagged proteins</h1></a>
 +
<div id="menu34">
 +
<p>
 +
    The N-terminal His<sub>6</sub>- tagged fusion proteins His<sub>6</sub>-ScaA and His<sub>6</sub>-RFP-ACEL were purified by nickel affinity chromatography
 +
    using Ni-NTA-agarose columns in a first purification step.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    <u>Preparation:</u>
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Connect a 5 ml HisTrap FF column (GE Healthcare) to an Äkta purifier or Äkta prime system and wash the column with 1 CV (column volume) 20 % EtOH and a
 +
    maximum flow rate of 3 ml/min.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Pre-equilibrate the column with lysis buffer by first washing 3 CV with water, followed by 3 CV with buffer, each with a maximum flow rate of 5 ml/min.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    <u>Run:</u>
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    1.) Load the protein solution onto the column using an appropriate super loop (10 ml or 50 ml) and a maximum flow rate of 1 ml/min. Start the automated
 +
    fractionation system.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    2.) Once the protein is loaded, wash the column with lysis buffer using a maximum flow rate of 5 ml/min until the UV absorption has reached a constant
 +
    value.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    3.) Start eluting unspecifically bound, contaminative protein species with a flow rate of 3 ml/min by applying a stepwise gradient from 0 % to 2 % of
 +
    elution buffer.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    4.) Elute the target protein with a flow rate of 3 ml/min by applying a linear gradient from 2 % to 50 % of elution buffer over 20 CV (column volumes).
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    5.) Analyze obtained peak fractions by SDS-PAGE and pool the fractions containing the target protein.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    6.) Reduce the volume of the protein solution via concentration until a maximum volume of 5 ml is reached and apply it to size exclusion chromatography.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    All chromatographical purification steps are carried out at 20°C.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Required buffers
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Buffer A: Lysis buffer (20 mM phosphate pH 8, 500 mM NaCl, 5 % (v/v) glycerol, 1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol)
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Buffer B: Elution buffer (Lysis buffer supplemented with 250 mM imidazole)
 +
</p>
 +
 +
</div>
 +
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu39').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1 style="color:white;"> Size Exclusion Chromatography</h1></a>
 +
<div id="menu39">
 +
<p>
 +
    In a second purification step, the target proteins ScaA and RFP-ACEL were separated according to their size (radius of gyration) by employing size
 +
    exclusion chromatography. Therefore:
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Connect a HiLoad Superdex 200 16/600 column (GE Healthcare) to an Äkta purifier or Äkta prime system and wash the column with 1 CV of 20 % EtOH and a
 +
    maximum flow rate of 1 ml/min.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Pre-equilibrate the column with loading buffer by washing first with 1 CV of water and subsequently with 1 CV of the respective buffer, each with a maximum
 +
    flow rate of 1 ml/min.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Load the concentrated protein solution with a maximum flow rate of 1 ml/min onto the column by using a 5 ml sampling loop. Start the automated
 +
    fractionation.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Elute the target protein with a maximum flow rate of 1 ml/min and analyze obtained peak fractions on a SDS gel.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Pool the fractions containing the target protein.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    All chromatographic purification steps are carried out at room temperature.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Required buffer:
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Buffer A: Loading buffer (20 mM phosphate pH 8, 500 mM NaCl, 5 % glycerol, 1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol)
 +
</p>
 +
 +
</div>
 +
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu35').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1 style="color:white;"> Concentration of protein solutions</h1></a>
 +
<div id="menu35">
 +
<p>
 +
    Concentration of protein solutions was realized via centrifugation using 20 ml Vivaspin centrifugal concentrators (Viva Science) with the appropriate
 +
    molecular weight cutoffs of 50 kDa in case of the scaffolding protein ScaA and 30 kDa in case of RFP-ACEL. In order to concentrate protein solutions:
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Wash the concentrator with 20 ml of buffer in order to remove the protectant (glycerol) from the membrane.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Add the protein sample to the concentrator and start centrifugation at 4°C until the desired volume/concentration is reached. The sample volume and the
 +
    speed is determined by the rotor that is used. If a 25° fixed angle rotor is applied, the maximum starting volume is 14 ml and the speed is restricted to
 +
    6000 x g.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Gently mix the upper reservoir prior to each refilling step and prior to transfer.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Check the flow through for leakage by Bradford assay.
 +
</p>
 +
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Line 861: Line 1,159:
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
 +
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu38').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1 style="color:white;"> SDS Polyacrylamid Gel Electrophoresis</h1></a>
 +
<div id="menu38">
 +
<p>
 +
    The analytic protein separation according to the apparent molecular weight was carried out by discontinuous SDS polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis according
 +
    to Laemmli (1970) using mini gel electrophoresis chambers (BioRad, 10x8 cm). For cast and run of the gels do the following:
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    For the stacking gel use the following components: 0.25 % of the total volume of stacking gel buffer, and acrylamid to a final concentration of 4 %. Add
 +
    water to the final volume (cf. pipetting scheme). Add 1/133 of the total volume of 10 % ammonium persulfate (APS) and 1/1000 of
 +
    N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyl-ethylenediamine (TEMED).
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    For the separation gel mix the appropriate amount of acrylamid (e.g. 10 % for a 10 % SDS gel) with 0.25 % of the final volume of separation gel buffer and
 +
    fill with water to the final volume. Add 1/133 of the total volume of 10 % APS and 1/1000 of TEMED.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Place the poured gel into the running chamber and fill the upper and lower reservoir with running buffer.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Dilute the protein samples 1:1 with loading buffer and load the gel.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Run the gel with 15mA per gel for 15 min, and then increase to 30mA per Gel until the end.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    After electrophoretic separation, place the gels into staining solution and heat it without boiling.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Incubate the gels under slow agitation until protein bands become visible.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Discolor the gels by using fixation solution.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    <strong>Pipetting scheme. </strong>
 +
</p>
 +
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
 +
    <tbody>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    <strong>Compoment</strong>
 +
                </p>
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    <strong>(For 2 gels)</strong>
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    <strong>Stacking gel</strong>
 +
                </p>
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    <strong>(4 % acrylamid)</strong>
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    <strong>Separation gel</strong>
 +
                </p>
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    <strong>(10 % acrylamid)</strong>
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    Water
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    2.64 ml
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    4 ml
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    Acrylamid
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    0.4 ml
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    2 ml
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    Stacking gel buffer
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    0.96 ml
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    ---
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    Separation gel buffer
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    ---
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    2 ml
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="636" colspan="3" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    <strong>Mix</strong>
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    10 % APS
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    30 µl
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    60 µl
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    TEMED
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    4 µl
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="212" valign="top">
 +
                <p align="center">
 +
                    6 µl
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
    </tbody>
 +
</table>
 +
<p>
 +
    Required agents and solutions:
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    40 % Acrylamid/bis-acrylamid (37.5:1)
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    10 % (w/v) SDS solution
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Stacking gel buffer (1.5 M Tris/HCl pH 8.8, 0.4 % (w/v) SDS)
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Separation gel buffer (0.5 M Tris/HCl pH 6.5, 0.4 % (w/v) SDS)
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    2x Laemmli loading buffer (20 mM Tris/HCl pH 6.5, 4 % (w/v) SDS, 10 % (v/v) β-mercaptoethanol, 40 % (v/v) glycerol, 0.002 % (w/v) bromphenol blue)
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    1x SDS running buffer (25 mM Tris base, 192 mM glycine, 0.1 % (w/v) SDS)
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Staining solution (0.005 % (w/v) Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250, 0.0025 % (w/v) Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250, 10 % (v/v) ethanol und 5 % (v/v) acetic
 +
    acid)
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Fixation solution (10 % (v/v) acetic acid)
 +
</p>
 +
</div>
  
<h2> Activity Screens </h2>
+
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu40').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1 style="color:white;"> Western Blot</h1></a>
 +
<div id="menu40">
 +
<p>
 +
    10 x TBS Buffer (store at RT)
 +
</p>
 +
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
 +
    <tbody>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    Tris HCL (MW: 121,14 g/mol)
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    6.057g
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    NaCl (MW: 58.44 g/mol)
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    40.91g
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    H<sub>2</sub>O dest.
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    ad. 500 ml
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
    </tbody>
 +
</table>
 +
<p>
 +
    adjust to pH 7.4
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    1 x Transfer Buffer (store at RT)
 +
</p>
 +
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
 +
    <tbody>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    Tris
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    3.029 g
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    Glycin
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    14,41g
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    Methanol
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    200ml
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    H<sub>2</sub>O bidest.
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    ad. 1000ml
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
    </tbody>
 +
</table>
 +
<p>
 +
    check pH: 8.1-8.4
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    If the pH is not correct, the Buffer has to be remade. Do not adjust.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    10 x TBS-Tween Buffer (store at RT)
 +
</p>
 +
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
 +
    <tbody>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    Tris-HCL (MW: 121.14 g/mol)
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    6.057g
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    NaCl (MW: 58.44 g/mol)
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    40.91g
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    Tween20 (Endkonz. 0,1%)
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    0.5ml
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    H<sub>2</sub>O bidest.
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    ad. 500ml
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
    </tbody>
 +
</table>
 +
<p>
 +
    adjust to pH 7.4
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Blocking Solution
 +
</p>
 +
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
 +
    <tbody>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    Skim Milk
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    2,5g
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    1 x TBS
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    50ml
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
    </tbody>
 +
</table>
 +
<p>
 +
    Dissolve for 15-30 min at RE. Store 400µl at 4°C for a later step.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Phosphatase Buffer (store at RT)
 +
</p>
 +
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
 +
    <tbody>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    Tris-HCL (MW: 121.14 g/mol)
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    6.057g
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    NaCl (MW: 58.44 g/mol)
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    2.922 g
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    MgCl<sub>2 </sub>x 6 H<sub>2</sub>O (MW: 203.3 g/mol)
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    0.51 g
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
        <tr>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    H<sub>2</sub>O bidest.
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
            <td width="307" valign="top">
 +
                <p>
 +
                    ad. 500ml
 +
                </p>
 +
            </td>
 +
        </tr>
 +
    </tbody>
 +
</table>
 +
<p>
 +
    adjust to pH 9.5
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Antibody: Anti V5-AP Antibody (Invitrogen, store at 4°C)
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    NBT: Promega, 50 mg/ml, store at -20°C
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    BCIP: Promega, 50 mg/ml, store at -20°C
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    1.) Run an SDS Gel and use Protein Ladder compatible with Western Blots.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
2.) Use Perfect Blue Semi-Dry Electro blotter from Peqlab and assemble apparatus in a tip box with a little transfer buffer (sandwich should be moist    <u>not </u>wet):
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Base of blotter = Kathode (+) bottom
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    3x Whatman paper (moist) size of SDS page
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Blotting membrane (Hybond EHL, 0,45µm, moist, no bubbles, SDS page sized)
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    SDS Gel (no bubbles! Proteins have a neg. charge and go towards the Kathode)
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    3x Whatman paper (moist, gel sized)
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Lid = Anode (-) top
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    After assembly of the sandwich the lid is screwed on lightly with 3 screws. Connect Blotter to an adequate power supply, which can work at a constant 10V.
 +
    Blot at 200mA per Gel and constant 10V for 1 hour.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    3.) Wash the membrane 3x 5 min with 1x TBS Buffer on a rocker
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    4.) Block membrane in 50ml 1 x TBS Buffer with 5% skim milk for one hour or overnight on a rocker.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    5.) Wash 3x 15min 1xTBS-Tween on a rocker
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    6.) Prepare Antibody: 14ml 1xTBS-Tween + 200µl 1x TBS Puffer/5% Skimmilk + 7µl Antibody
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    7.) Incubate with antibody for 2 hours on a rocker
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    8.) Wash 2x shortly in 1x TBS-Tween Buffer on a rocker
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    9.) 1x 15min 1x TBS-Tween Buffer on the rocker
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    10.) 2x 5min 1x TBS-Tween Buffer on the rocker
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    11.) Wash 2x 10 min 1x TBS Buffer on a rocker
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    12.) Wash 2x shortly in 1x Phosphatse buffer
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    13.) 10ml 1x Phosphatase buffer + 66µl NBT + 33µl BCIP
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    - stain in the dark until bands become visible
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    - stop the reaction by washing with H2O
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    - dry western blot in Whatman Paper
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    14.) Scan the membrane
 +
</p>
 +
 +
</div>
 +
<h2> Activity Screens & Tests</h2>
 
                     <a href="" onClick=" $('#menu9').slideToggle(400, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1>Esterase activity test</h1></a>
 
                     <a href="" onClick=" $('#menu9').slideToggle(400, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1>Esterase activity test</h1></a>
 
<div id="menu9">
 
<div id="menu9">
 
     <p>Materials:</p>
 
     <p>Materials:</p>
     <p>Substrate- 1mM 4-nitrophenyl butyrate prepared in Na-Phosphate buffer (pH8.0)</p>
+
     <p>Substrate- 1mM 4-nitrophenyl butyrate prepared in Na-Phosphate buffer (pH 8.0)</p>
 
     <p>Protein sample</p>
 
     <p>Protein sample</p>
 
     <p>Procedure:</p>
 
     <p>Procedure:</p>
Line 877: Line 1,722:
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
  <a href="" onClick=" $('#menu31').slideToggle(400, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1>Esterase activity test</h1></a>
+
  <a href="" onClick=" $('#menu31').slideToggle(400, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1>Phosphatase activity test</h1></a>
 
<div id="menu31">
 
<div id="menu31">
  
 
<p><strong>Materials:</strong></p>
 
<p><strong>Materials:</strong></p>
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
     <li>Freshly prepared AAM Solution (Acetone, 5N H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, 10mM Ammonium molybdate, 2:1:1 v/v)</li>
+
     <li>Freshly prepared AAM Solution (Acetone, 5N H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, 10 mM Ammonium molybdate, 2:1:1 v/v)</li>
 
     <li>50 mM Sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0</li>
 
     <li>50 mM Sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0</li>
 
     <li>100 mM Pyrophosphate</li>
 
     <li>100 mM Pyrophosphate</li>
 +
    <li>1 M Citric acid</li>
 
     <li>Protein sample</li>
 
     <li>Protein sample</li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
Line 897: Line 1,743:
 
     <li>Incubate on the heating block for 30 minutes</li>
 
     <li>Incubate on the heating block for 30 minutes</li>
 
     <li>Add 1.5 mL of AAM solution and homogenize by inverting the tubes</li>
 
     <li>Add 1.5 mL of AAM solution and homogenize by inverting the tubes</li>
     <li>Add 100 &micro;L Citric acid</li>
+
     <li>Add 100 &micro;L 1 M Citric acid</li>
 
     <li>If phosphatase is present, the colour will change from white/transparent to yellow</li>
 
     <li>If phosphatase is present, the colour will change from white/transparent to yellow</li>
     <li>Measure the colour strength in a photometer at 335 nm</li>
+
     <li>Measure the colour strength in a photometer at 355 nm</li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
<p>CAUTION: Make sure that the buffer you used for protein extraction does not contain any phosphate components. Otherwise the test will be false positive!</p>
 
<p>CAUTION: Make sure that the buffer you used for protein extraction does not contain any phosphate components. Otherwise the test will be false positive!</p>
Line 914: Line 1,760:
 
     <li>Incubate plates at 37<sup>o</sup>C for minimum 3-4 days (timing can be extended depending on bacterial strain).</li>
 
     <li>Incubate plates at 37<sup>o</sup>C for minimum 3-4 days (timing can be extended depending on bacterial strain).</li>
 
     <li>After 3-4 days look for plates having clear zone of activity around cellulose substrate.</li>
 
     <li>After 3-4 days look for plates having clear zone of activity around cellulose substrate.</li>
 +
</div>
 +
 +
<a href="" onClick=" $('#menu41').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1 style="color:white;"> Enzymatic Activity Test for Cellulase </h1></a>
 +
<div id="menu41">
 +
 +
 +
<p>
 +
    Solutions:
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Buffer:
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Tris (MW: 121.14 g/mol) 50 mM
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    dH<sub>2</sub>O ad 1 l
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    pH 7
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Substrate solution:
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Carboxymethil cellulose 1 % (w / v)
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    ddH<sub>2</sub>O ad 1 l
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    DNSA reagent solution:
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Dinitrosalycylic acid 10 g
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Phenol 2 ml
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    K Na Tartrate 200 g
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    NaOH 10 g
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub> 0.5 g
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    dH<sub>2</sub>O ad 1 l
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Store at 4°C, protected from light
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Procedure:
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    250 µl substrate solution
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    100 µl Tris-Buffer
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    x µl enzyme solution
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    ad 500 µl ddH<sub>2</sub>O
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Incubate setup as described above at 37°C for 20 min.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Add 750 µl DNSA. Heat the setup at 96°C for 15 min.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Put mixture on ice, centrifuge shortly at 4°C, 13000 x g.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>
 +
    Measure OD<sub>575</sub> against same setup without enzyme as a blank.
 +
</p>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Line 993: Line 1,920:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top">
 
             <td valign="top">
                 <p>2&micro;l&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
+
                 <p>2 &micro;l&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,001: Line 1,928:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top">
 
             <td valign="top">
                 <p>1&micro;l&nbsp;</p>
+
                 <p>1 &micro;l&nbsp;</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,035: Line 1,962:
 
<p></p>
 
<p></p>
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
     <li>For 10 &micro;l&nbsp;reaction add 1 &micro;l&nbsp; of 10x Tango buffer , for 20 &micro;l&nbsp;reaction add 2 &micro;l&nbsp; of 10x Tango buffer and vice versa.</li>
+
     <li>For 10 &micro;l&nbsp;reaction add 1 &micro;l&nbsp; of 10x Tango buffer, for 20 &micro;l&nbsp;reaction add 2 &micro;l&nbsp; of 10x Tango buffer and vice versa.</li>
 
     <li>Incubate at 37 <sup>o</sup>C for 2 hours.</li>
 
     <li>Incubate at 37 <sup>o</sup>C for 2 hours.</li>
     <li>For inactivation incubation at 80&deg;C for 5min.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>
+
     <li>For inactivation incubation at 80&deg;C for 5 min.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>
 
     <li>Check the products on 0.8% agarose gel.</li>
 
     <li>Check the products on 0.8% agarose gel.</li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
Line 1,058: Line 1,985:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="96">
 
             <td valign="top" width="96">
                 <p>500-1000 ng</p>
+
                 <p>500-1,000 ng</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,117: Line 2,044:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top">
 
             <td valign="top">
                 <p>500-1000 ng</p>
+
                 <p>500-1,000 ng</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,271: Line 2,198:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="301">
 
             <td valign="top" width="301">
                 <p>1000 ng (2 &micro;l)</p>
+
                 <p>1,000 ng (2 &micro;l)</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,279: Line 2,206:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="301">
 
             <td valign="top" width="301">
                 <p>1&micro;l</p>
+
                 <p>1 &micro;l</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,311: Line 2,238:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top">
 
             <td valign="top">
                 <p>15&micro;l</p>
+
                 <p>15 &micro;l</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,319: Line 2,246:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top">
 
             <td valign="top">
                 <p>2&micro;l</p>
+
                 <p>2 &micro;l</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,327: Line 2,254:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top">
 
             <td valign="top">
                 <p>2&micro;l</p>
+
                 <p>2 &micro;l</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,335: Line 2,262:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top">
 
             <td valign="top">
                 <p>1&micro;l</p>
+
                 <p>1 &micro;l</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,343: Line 2,270:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top">
 
             <td valign="top">
                 <p>1&micro;l</p>
+
                 <p>1 &micro;l</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,349: Line 2,276:
 
</table>
 
</table>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Incubate 20min at 37˚C and inactivate 5min at 80˚C.</p>
+
<p>Incubate 20 min at 37˚C and inactivate 5 min at 80˚C.</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
     <p></p>
 
     <p></p>
Line 1,442: Line 2,369:
 
                 </td>
 
                 </td>
 
                 <td valign="top" width="57">
 
                 <td valign="top" width="57">
                     <p>12ul</p>
+
                     <p>12 ul</p>
 
                 </td>
 
                 </td>
 
             </tr>
 
             </tr>
Line 1,450: Line 2,377:
 
                 </td>
 
                 </td>
 
                 <td valign="top" width="57">
 
                 <td valign="top" width="57">
                     <p>2ul</p>
+
                     <p>2 ul</p>
 
                 </td>
 
                 </td>
 
             </tr>
 
             </tr>
Line 1,458: Line 2,385:
 
                 </td>
 
                 </td>
 
                 <td valign="top" width="57">
 
                 <td valign="top" width="57">
                     <p>2ul</p>
+
                     <p>2 ul</p>
 
                 </td>
 
                 </td>
 
             </tr>
 
             </tr>
Line 1,466: Line 2,393:
 
                 </td>
 
                 </td>
 
                 <td valign="top" width="57">
 
                 <td valign="top" width="57">
                     <p>0,5ul</p>
+
                     <p>0.5 µl</p>
 
                 </td>
 
                 </td>
 
             </tr>
 
             </tr>
Line 1,474: Line 2,401:
 
                 </td>
 
                 </td>
 
                 <td valign="top" width="57">
 
                 <td valign="top" width="57">
                     <p>1ul</p>
+
                     <p>1 ul</p>
 
                 </td>
 
                 </td>
 
             </tr>
 
             </tr>
Line 1,482: Line 2,409:
 
                 </td>
 
                 </td>
 
                 <td valign="top" width="57">
 
                 <td valign="top" width="57">
                     <p>1ul</p>
+
                     <p>1 ul</p>
 
                 </td>
 
                 </td>
 
             </tr>
 
             </tr>
Line 1,490: Line 2,417:
 
                 </td>
 
                 </td>
 
                 <td valign="top" width="57">
 
                 <td valign="top" width="57">
                     <p>1,5 ul</p>
+
                     <p>1.5 µl</p>
 
                 </td>
 
                 </td>
 
             </tr>
 
             </tr>
Line 1,499: Line 2,426:
 
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">&nbsp;</span></p>
 
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">&nbsp;</span></p>
 
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Program: </span></p>
 
<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Program: </span></p>
<p>Initial denaturalization: 98˚C, 5min.</p>
+
<p>Initial denaturalization: 98˚C, 5 min</p>
<p>Denaturalization: 96˚C, 45 seg.</p>
+
<p>Denaturalization: 96˚C, 45 s</p>
<p>Annealing: 70˚C, 30 seg.</p>
+
<p>Annealing: 70˚C, 30 s</p>
<p>Elongation: 72˚C, 25 seg.</p>
+
<p>Elongation: 72˚C, 25 s</p>
 
     <p></p>
 
     <p></p>
 
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
 
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
Line 1,518: Line 2,445:
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
 
<p>This protocol describes PCR procedure using Phusion High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase. <strong>(Thermo Fisher Scientific).</strong></p>
 
<p>This protocol describes PCR procedure using Phusion High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase. <strong>(Thermo Fisher Scientific).</strong></p>
<p>&bull; The annealing rules are different from many common DNA polymerases (such as Taq DNA polymerases).</p>
+
<p>&bull; Note: the annealing conditions depend on the applied DNA polymerases (such as Taq DNA polymerases).</p>
 
<p>&bull;Use 15&ndash;30 s/kb for extension. Do not exceed 1 min/kb.</p>
 
<p>&bull;Use 15&ndash;30 s/kb for extension. Do not exceed 1 min/kb.</p>
 
<p>&bull;Phusion DNA Polymerases produce blunt end DNA products.</p>
 
<p>&bull;Phusion DNA Polymerases produce blunt end DNA products.</p>
Line 1,775: Line 2,702:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" width="96">
 
             <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" width="96">
                 <p align="center">10s</p>
+
                 <p align="center">10 s</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td rowspan="3" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" width="88">
 
             <td rowspan="3" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" width="88">
Line 1,789: Line 2,716:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" width="96">
 
             <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" width="96">
                 <p align="center">15s</p>
+
                 <p align="center">15 s</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,830: Line 2,757:
 
                     <a href="" onClick=" $('#menu25').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1> Protocol for Sanger sequencing</h1></a>
 
                     <a href="" onClick=" $('#menu25').slideToggle(300, function callback() {  }); return false;"><h1> Protocol for Sanger sequencing</h1></a>
 
<div id="menu25">
 
<div id="menu25">
<p align="center"><strong>Protocol for Sanger sequencing</strong></p>
 
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
 
     <li>Sequencing reaction setup</li>
 
     <li>Sequencing reaction setup</li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
<table style="width: 541px;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left">
+
<table style="width: 445px;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left">
 
     <tbody>
 
     <tbody>
 
         <tr>
 
         <tr>
 
             <td valign="top" width="205">
 
             <td valign="top" width="205">
                 <p align="center"><strong>Component</strong></p>
+
                 <p><strong>Template</strong></p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
             <td valign="top" width="174">
+
             <td valign="top" width="240">
                 <p align="center"><strong>PCR product</strong></p>
+
                 <p><strong>DNA amount</strong></p>
            </td>
+
            <td valign="top" width="162">
+
                <p align="center"><strong>Template quantity</strong></p>
+
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
 
         <tr>
 
         <tr>
             <td rowspan="8" valign="top" width="205">
+
             <td valign="top" width="205">
                 <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>
+
                 <p>PCR products&nbsp;</p>
                <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>
+
                <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>
+
                <p align="center">DNA</p>
+
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
             <td valign="top" width="174">
+
             <td valign="top" width="240">
                 <p align="center">100 - 200 bp</p>
+
                 <p>10 ng/100 bp (if larger 1.5 kb 150 ng)</p>
            </td>
+
            <td valign="top" width="162">
+
                <p align="center">3 &ndash; 7 ng</p>
+
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
 
         <tr>
 
         <tr>
             <td valign="top" width="174">
+
             <td valign="top" width="205">
                 <p align="center">200 - 500 bp</p>
+
                 <p>Plasmids</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
             <td valign="top" width="162">
+
             <td valign="top" width="240">
                 <p align="center">7 &ndash; 12 ng</p>
+
                 <p>300 ng</p>
            </td>
+
        </tr>
+
        <tr>
+
            <td valign="top" width="174">
+
                <p align="center">500 - 1000 bp</p>
+
            </td>
+
            <td valign="top" width="162">
+
                <p align="center">12 &ndash; 25 ng</p>
+
            </td>
+
        </tr>
+
        <tr>
+
            <td valign="top" width="174">
+
                <p align="center">1000 - 2000 bp</p>
+
            </td>
+
            <td valign="top" width="162">
+
                <p align="center">25 &ndash; 45 ng</p>
+
            </td>
+
        </tr>
+
        <tr>
+
            <td valign="top" width="174">
+
                <p align="center">&gt;2000 bp</p>
+
            </td>
+
            <td valign="top" width="162">
+
                <p align="center">45 &ndash; 80 ng</p>
+
            </td>
+
        </tr>
+
        <tr>
+
            <td valign="top" width="174">
+
                <p align="center">Double stranded</p>
+
            </td>
+
            <td valign="top" width="162">
+
                <p align="center">500 - 1500 ng</p>
+
            </td>
+
        </tr>
+
        <tr>
+
            <td valign="top" width="174">
+
                <p align="center">Single stranded</p>
+
            </td>
+
            <td valign="top" width="162">
+
                <p align="center">250 - 500 ng</p>
+
            </td>
+
        </tr>
+
        <tr>
+
            <td valign="top" width="174">
+
                <p align="center"><em>Cosmid, BAC</em></p>
+
            </td>
+
            <td valign="top" width="162">
+
                <p align="center">2 &ndash; 4 &micro;g</p>
+
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,921: Line 2,790:
 
                 <p>Forward primer (5pmol/ &micro;l&nbsp;)</p>
 
                 <p>Forward primer (5pmol/ &micro;l&nbsp;)</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
             <td valign="top" width="174">
+
             <td valign="top" width="240">
                 <p align="center">1 &micro;l</p>
+
                 <p>1 &micro;l</p>
            </td>
+
            <td rowspan="4" valign="top" width="162">
+
                <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>
+
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,932: Line 2,798:
 
                 <p>Reverse primer (5pmol/ &micro;l&nbsp;)</p>
 
                 <p>Reverse primer (5pmol/ &micro;l&nbsp;)</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
             <td valign="top" width="174">
+
             <td valign="top" width="240">
                 <p align="center">1 &micro;l</p>
+
                 <p>1 &micro;l</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,940: Line 2,806:
 
                 <p>Nuclease free H<sub>2</sub>O</p>
 
                 <p>Nuclease free H<sub>2</sub>O</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
             <td valign="top" width="174">
+
             <td valign="top" width="240">
                 <p align="center">XX &micro;l</p>
+
                 <p>ad. 5 &micro;l</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,948: Line 2,814:
 
                 <p><strong>Total volume</strong></p>
 
                 <p><strong>Total volume</strong></p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
             <td valign="top" width="174">
+
             <td valign="top" width="240">
                 <p align="center"><em>5 </em>&micro;l</p>
+
                 <p><strong>5 </strong><strong>&micro;l</strong></p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 1,972: Line 2,838:
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
 
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
     <li>Forward and Reverse primers should be added in 2 individual eppendorf tubes.</li>
+
     <li>Forward and reverse primers should be added in 2 individual sample tubes!</li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
    <p></p>
+
 
    <p>&nbsp;</p>
+
    <p></p>
+
    <p>&nbsp;</p>
+
 
</div>
 
</div>
 
                        
 
                        
Line 2,018: Line 2,868:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="84">
 
             <td valign="top" width="84">
                 <p>800ng</p>
+
                 <p>800 ng</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
 
         <tr>
 
         <tr>
 
             <td valign="top" width="205">
 
             <td valign="top" width="205">
                 <p>Forward primer (5pmol/ &micro;l&nbsp;)</p>
+
                 <p>Forward primer (1:10)</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="84">
 
             <td valign="top" width="84">
                 <p>1 &micro;l</p>
+
                 <p>3 &micro;l</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
 
         <tr>
 
         <tr>
 
             <td valign="top" width="205">
 
             <td valign="top" width="205">
                 <p>Reverse primer (5pmol/ &micro;l&nbsp;)</p>
+
                 <p>Reverse primer (1:10)</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="84">
 
             <td valign="top" width="84">
                 <p>1 &micro;l</p>
+
                 <p>3 &micro;l</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 2,042: Line 2,892:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="84">
 
             <td valign="top" width="84">
                 <p>XX &micro;l</p>
+
                 <p>ad. 15 &micro;l</p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 2,050: Line 2,900:
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
             <td valign="top" width="84">
 
             <td valign="top" width="84">
                 <p><em>15 </em>&micro;l</p>
+
                 <p><strong>15 </strong><strong>&micro;l</strong></p>
 
             </td>
 
             </td>
 
         </tr>
 
         </tr>
Line 2,073: Line 2,923:
  
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
     <li>Forward and Reverse primers should be added in 2 individual eppendorf tubes.</li>
+
     <li>Forward and reverse primers should be added in 2 individual sample tubes!</li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
</div>
 
</div>
Line 2,082: Line 2,932:
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
 
<p><strong>RFP microscopy</strong></p>
 
<p><strong>RFP microscopy</strong></p>
<p>To check if the transformed&nbsp;<em>E.coli</em>&nbsp;TOP10 show red fluorescence, the culture was examined by fluorescence microscopy. The RFP DsRed filter was used (excitation at 536 nm, emission at 582 nm). To prevent the cells from floating around they are fixed in 0,8 %.</p>
+
<p>To check if the transformed&nbsp;<em>E.coli</em>&nbsp;TOP10 show red fluorescence, the culture was examined by fluorescence microscopy. The RFP DsRed filter was used (excitation at 536 nm, emission at 582 nm). To prevent the cells from floating around they are fixed in 0.8%.</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p><strong>Preparation of slides</strong></p>
 
<p><strong>Preparation of slides</strong></p>
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
     <li>Prepare 0,8 % agarose with water and boil it up.</li>
+
     <li>Prepare 0.8% agarose with water and boil it up.</li>
 
     <li>Pipet 500 &mu;L onto a slide and press another one on top. Let the agarose cure between both slides.</li>
 
     <li>Pipet 500 &mu;L onto a slide and press another one on top. Let the agarose cure between both slides.</li>
 
     <li>Carefully remove the upper slide and put the sample name in one corner the one with the agarose.</li>
 
     <li>Carefully remove the upper slide and put the sample name in one corner the one with the agarose.</li>
Line 2,101: Line 2,951:
 
<html>
 
<html>
  
 +
</div></div> <!--These are the closing tags for div id="mainContainer" and div id="contentContainer". The corresponding opening tags appear in the template that is {{included}} at the top of this page.-->
 
</html>
 
</html>

Latest revision as of 00:00, 19 September 2015



Media/Buffer

LB Medium

"Fat" LB Medium

Media and Culture Methods for Dockerin Organisms of Origin

Phosphatase Activity plates, Sperber media

Esterase Activity plates, with 1% Tributyrin

Cellulase activity plates

1x TAE Buffer

Cloning Methods

PCR product purification using QIAquick® PCR Purification Kit (QIAGEN)

PCR Gel extraction, peqGOLD Gel Extraction Kit

Blunt End Ligation in pJET1.2 vector –Clone JET PCR Cloning Kit– (Thermo Scientific)

Sticky End T4 Ligation (Thermo Scientific)

TOPO® Cloning protocol usingChampion™ pET Directional TOPO® Expression Kits (Thermo Fisher Scientific)

Plasmid transformation into chemically competent E. coli

Electroporation of BL21 cells with pJET_RFP

Plasmid Extraction - using QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit (QIAGEN)

Plasmid Extraction - using peqGOLD Plasmid Miniprep Kit I (PEQLAB Technologies)

Competent Cells

Preparation of competent E.coli cells

Transformation Efficiency Kit, RFP construct (iGEM)

Protein Extraction and Purification

Induction, harvest and disruption of expression cultures

Protein Purification (Protino® Ni-IDA 2000 His-Tag protein purification, Macherey-Nagel)

Affinity chromatography of His-tagged proteins

Size Exclusion Chromatography

Concentration of protein solutions

Bradford Assay

SDS Polyacrylamid Gel Electrophoresis

Western Blot

Activity Screens & Tests

Esterase activity test

Phosphatase activity test

Cellulase activity screening

Enzymatic Activity Test for Cellulase

Restriction Controls

Aan I (Psi I ) - thermo fisher scientific - restriction control protocol

Double digestion restriction control

Restriction control using fast and slow digestion enzymes

Scafoldin Restriction control

Esterase Restriction Control

Phosphatase Restriction Control

PCR Preparation Methods

Colony PCR

Phusion PCR

Sequencing

Protocol for Sanger sequencing

Overnight Sanger Sequencing

Fluorescence Microscopy

RFP microscopy

Counting iGEM Goettingen2015.jpeg