Difference between revisions of "Team:UMaryland/Description"

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<div id='cover'>
 
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<br>
 
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<p style="font-size:64px"><b>Safe and Inexpensive</b></style>
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<p style="font-size:64px"><b>Project Descriptions</b>
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<br>
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<p style="font-size:24px">Find out about our several projects for the year
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<p style="font-size:64px"><u><b>Approaches to Advance Synthetic Biology</b></u></style>
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</div>
 
</div>
  
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<a href="#HS">
 
<a href="#HS">
 
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<img src = "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/64/Circle.png">
 
<h4>Hok/Sok</h4>
 
<h4>Hok/Sok</h4>
 
<p>A Pladmid retention system
 
<p>A Pladmid retention system
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<a href="#PCR">
 
<a href="#PCR">
 
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<img src = "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/e/ed/Hairdryer.png">
 
<h4>CHIP</h4>
 
<h4>CHIP</h4>
 
<p>Our homemade PCR
 
<p>Our homemade PCR
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<a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:UMaryland/Interlab">
 
<a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:UMaryland/Interlab">
 
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<img src = "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/2/2c/Microscope.png">
 
<h4>IL Study</h4>
 
<h4>IL Study</h4>
 
<p>A study across iGEM labs
 
<p>A study across iGEM labs
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<a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:UMaryland/sideprojects">
 
<a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:UMaryland/sideprojects">
 
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<img src = "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/d/dd/Flower.png">
 
<h4>Side projects</h4>
 
<h4>Side projects</h4>
 
<p>Other projects we've worked on
 
<p>Other projects we've worked on
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<h1><b>Abstract</b></h1>
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<h1><b>Safe and Inexpensive Approaches to Advance Synthetic Biology</b></h1>
 
<p style="font-size:20px">Alternative methods of plasmid maintenance and PCR amplification accelerate the construction of new biodesigns, reduce cost, and avoid environmental hazards. Plasmids are typically maintained in cells by encoding enzymes that hydrolyze or otherwise detoxify antibiotics added to the medium. However, this process carries an inherent risk for spreading antibiotic resistance to native bacterial populations through lateral gene transfer. The Hok-Sok toxin-antitoxin system, a natural internal maintenance cassette relying on internal mRNA silencing, presents an alternative to common antibiotic-based methods since it does not rely on exogenous drugs. We are also developing an integrated, microcontrolled thermocycler using common household components. Using nichrome wire and a motorized fan for air circulation, the programmable prototype is an inexpensive, versatile thermocycler or plate incubator. Because the material and construction costs are a fraction of dedicated instruments, the newly developed unit will find broad application among nascent synthetic biologists in underfunded environments.</p>
 
<p style="font-size:20px">Alternative methods of plasmid maintenance and PCR amplification accelerate the construction of new biodesigns, reduce cost, and avoid environmental hazards. Plasmids are typically maintained in cells by encoding enzymes that hydrolyze or otherwise detoxify antibiotics added to the medium. However, this process carries an inherent risk for spreading antibiotic resistance to native bacterial populations through lateral gene transfer. The Hok-Sok toxin-antitoxin system, a natural internal maintenance cassette relying on internal mRNA silencing, presents an alternative to common antibiotic-based methods since it does not rely on exogenous drugs. We are also developing an integrated, microcontrolled thermocycler using common household components. Using nichrome wire and a motorized fan for air circulation, the programmable prototype is an inexpensive, versatile thermocycler or plate incubator. Because the material and construction costs are a fraction of dedicated instruments, the newly developed unit will find broad application among nascent synthetic biologists in underfunded environments.</p>
 
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<p style = "font-size:18px">Below is a simplified diagram of how the Hok-Sok system maintains a plasmid:</p>
 
<p style = "font-size:18px">Below is a simplified diagram of how the Hok-Sok system maintains a plasmid:</p>
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<div style="text-align:center;border:2px solid black;width:800px">
 
<img src = "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/thumb/f/fd/Hoksok_edited_cartoon.png/800px-Hoksok_edited_cartoon.png">
 
<img src = "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/thumb/f/fd/Hoksok_edited_cartoon.png/800px-Hoksok_edited_cartoon.png">
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</div>
  
 
<p style="font-size:18px">How does this lead to plasmid maintenance? Hok mRNA, due to a high degree of secondary structure, has a long half-life, measured at 20 minutes. Sok, on the other hand, has a half-life of only 30 seconds. The cell must thus retain the coding region for Sok in order to produce enough Sok to continue blocking Hok translation. If the plasmid is lost, then both the Hok and Sok coding regions will be lost; however, previously transcribed Hok mRNA will still be present. With previously transcribed Sok rapidly degrading, Hok mRNA will be translated, killing the daughter cell that did not maintain the plasmid.</p>
 
<p style="font-size:18px">How does this lead to plasmid maintenance? Hok mRNA, due to a high degree of secondary structure, has a long half-life, measured at 20 minutes. Sok, on the other hand, has a half-life of only 30 seconds. The cell must thus retain the coding region for Sok in order to produce enough Sok to continue blocking Hok translation. If the plasmid is lost, then both the Hok and Sok coding regions will be lost; however, previously transcribed Hok mRNA will still be present. With previously transcribed Sok rapidly degrading, Hok mRNA will be translated, killing the daughter cell that did not maintain the plasmid.</p>
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<p style = "font-size:18px">Our wet project for 2015 was to demonstrate that the Hok-Sok system could maintain a plasmid over many generations as well as typical antibiotic maintenance systems. We hypothesized that the Hok-Sok system could thus serve as a cheap, ethical alternative to antibiotic pressure.</p>
 
<p style = "font-size:18px">Our wet project for 2015 was to demonstrate that the Hok-Sok system could maintain a plasmid over many generations as well as typical antibiotic maintenance systems. We hypothesized that the Hok-Sok system could thus serve as a cheap, ethical alternative to antibiotic pressure.</p>
  
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<div style="text-align:center;">
 
<a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:UMaryland/Design">
 
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<p>Click here to learn more about our project design</p>
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<img src = "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/6/64/Circle.png"></div>
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<p style = "font-size:18px">Learn more about the Hok/Sok design</p></div>
 
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<a href="https://2015.igem.org/Team:UMaryland/Hardware">
 
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<p>Click here to learn more about our PCR
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<img src = "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/e/ed/Hairdryer.png"></div>
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<div>
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<p style = "font-size:18px">Learn more about our PCR</p></div>
 
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Revision as of 07:12, 17 September 2015