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| − | <h2>Problem</h2> | + | <h2>Abstract</h2> |
| − | <p>Indonesia’s oil production has been decreasing from 315 million barrels in 2012 into 238 million barrels in 2014.</p> | + | |
| − | | + | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nulla facilisis sapien sapien, non viverra purus consectetur imperdiet. Ut in libero rhoncus, lobortis neque at, auctor nisl. Mauris a diam vitae dolor fringilla efficitur nec euismod dui. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Aenean vestibulum, dolor vitae tempor posuere, libero orci varius sem, ac mattis sapien velit id sem. Proin quis suscipit erat. Aliquam vel ipsum laoreet, convallis nunc tristique, lacinia nibh. Morbi tristique ac ipsum nec semper. Sed eget nibh et massa convallis semper sit amet at nulla. Nullam venenatis tincidunt congue. Nullam sodales sapien sed nisi aliquam, non condimentum velit semper. Morbi auctor lectus ut tincidunt interdum. Morbi eu ullamcorper lectus. |
| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/d/d3/ITB_INDONESIA_IGEM2015_oil_production.gif" width="100%">
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| − | <a href="http://kip.esdm.go.id/pusdatin/index.php/data-informasi/data-energi/minyak-dan-gas-bumi/produksi-minyak-bumi"> Data Source</a>
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| − | | + | Nunc lacinia, neque sit amet euismod laoreet, quam velit posuere urna, in imperdiet ipsum orci ut justo. Donec nec semper odio. Proin pretium mi quis nisi dictum ullamcorper. Integer erat dolor, congue et augue in, lobortis dapibus lorem. Fusce eu aliquet ligula. Proin ex turpis, euismod tincidunt velit eu, cursus lobortis nulla. Morbi quis mattis dui. Maecenas molestie erat iaculis risus eleifend, at facilisis quam hendrerit. Cras nec sapien convallis, volutpat sapien non, bibendum felis. Ut dignissim velit quis dictum sodales. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Nullam vitae accumsan ipsum. Proin malesuada lacus odio, ac efficitur erat viverra eget. Praesent sit amet purus justo. Donec iaculis libero at nunc imperdiet, eget mollis nunc pretium. Maecenas sollicitudin nibh et augue congue bibendum. |
| − | <p>This affects oil price and thus goods price that has been increasing steadily. One contributing aspect is low recovery in conventional oil recovery method that can only recover 20-40% oil from reservoir. This production can be increased into 30-60% by Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). Until 2011, implementation of EOR by waterflooding and steamflooding has contributed a 40% increase in Indonesia’s oil production <a class="citation" href="http://www.esdm.go.id/berita/40-migas/5425-eor-sumbang-40-produksi-minyak-nasional.html"><sup>[1]</sup></a>. In the future, chemical injection can become another EOR alternative.</p>
| + | </p> |
| − | | + | </section> |
| − | <p>One of EOR methods by chemical injection is surfactant injection. The need of biodegradable and environment-friendly surfactant is important. One of biosurfactant is rhamnolipid, but it’s naturally produced by opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, ITB_Indonesia designs GRAS bacteria, E. coli, to be able to produce rhamnolipid in a controllable and observable manner.</p>
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| − | | + | |
| − | <h2>Idea</h2>
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| − | <p>One of EOR methods by chemical injection is surfactant injection. The need of biodegradable and environment-friendly surfactant is important. One of biosurfactant is rhamnolipid, but it’s naturally produced by opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, ITB_Indonesia designs GRAS bacteria, E. coli, to be able to produce rhamnolipid in a controllable and observable manner.</p>
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| − | | + | |
| − | <p>Using certain autoinduction media, rhamnolipid production is controlled by glucose-lactose composition in media. By utilizing glucose first, E coli can grow without producing rhamnolipid. After glucose exhaustion, lactose can be utilized to induce rhamnolipid production. While producing, a chromoprotein reporter will be turned on and turn E. coli into observable colour. When lactose is depleted and no rhamnolipid is produced, E coli will revert into being colourless, thus making observation much easier for further induction. E. coli is also controlled to not produce rhamnolipid when no lactose is present.</p>
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| − | | + | |
| − | <p>Rhamnolipid will be released into medium,making separation much easier. Only centrifugation is necessary. The medium supernatant containing rhamnolipid can be used for EOR.</p>
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| − | | + | |
| − | <p>This rhamnolipid-producing E. coli is called RHAMCOLIPID.</p> | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | <h2>Method</h2>
| + | |
| − | <p>We utilise The Biosurfactor biobrick (BBa_K653000) designed by Panama 2011 that encodes rhlA and rhlB, two enzymes for rhamnolipid production. We put the biobrick under T7lac promoter with strong RBS, and double terminator.</p>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | <p>We designed our Rhamncolipid to express reporter protein when producing rhamnolipid. We tried to find best reporter for our system that has fast turnover and doesn’t have significant fitness cost to the bacteria. We tested two reporters, RFP and aeBlue, with each reporter hasdifferent tags, either not tagged, LAA-tagged, or LVA-tagged. The LAA and LVA tags have the shortest half-life in 37oC (our cultivation temperature) in RFP and GFP, respectively.</p>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | <p>We also designed our control device which encodes LacI under different promoter strength, strong, medium, or even without the control.</p>
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| − | | + | |
| − | <h2>Result</h2>
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| − | <h3>Reporter Selection</h3>
| + | |
| − | <p>We transformed E. coli BL21(DE3) with different reporter proteins (RFP and aeBlue) with different tags (none, LAA, LVA). We induced the transformants using IPTG and observe the OD600 for bacteria growth and measure each reporter.</p>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | <p>The results showed that [to be continued]. Therefore, we selected [to be continued] as our reporter device.</p>
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| − | | + | |
| − | <h3>Rhamnolipid Production</h3>
| + | |
| − | <p>We transformed E. coli BL21(DE3) with The Biosurfactor and reporter. We also include control system with different strength in expressing lacI. We grew our transformants in autoinduction media (as described by [to be continued]) and check OD600, rhamnolipid production.</p>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | <p>The result showed that expressing LacI under [to be continued] gave the highest OD600 and rhamnolipid concentration.</p>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | <h3>Rhamnolipid Test</h3>
| + | |
| − | <P>We tested our produced rhamnolipid for its characteristics and surfactant activites. The results showed that [to be continued]</p>
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| − | | + | |
| − | <h2>Modelling</h2>
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| − | <h3>Stystem</h3>
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| − | <p>The effect of reporter protein on growth</p>
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| − | | + | |
| − | <p>The effect of LacI expression on growth and rhamnolipid production</p>
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| − | | + | |
| − | <p>The rhamnolipid usage in oil recovery</p>
| + | |
| − | </section> | + | |
| | </html> | | </html> |
| | {{ITB_INDONESIA/footer}} | | {{ITB_INDONESIA/footer}} |
Abstract
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nulla facilisis sapien sapien, non viverra purus consectetur imperdiet. Ut in libero rhoncus, lobortis neque at, auctor nisl. Mauris a diam vitae dolor fringilla efficitur nec euismod dui. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Aenean vestibulum, dolor vitae tempor posuere, libero orci varius sem, ac mattis sapien velit id sem. Proin quis suscipit erat. Aliquam vel ipsum laoreet, convallis nunc tristique, lacinia nibh. Morbi tristique ac ipsum nec semper. Sed eget nibh et massa convallis semper sit amet at nulla. Nullam venenatis tincidunt congue. Nullam sodales sapien sed nisi aliquam, non condimentum velit semper. Morbi auctor lectus ut tincidunt interdum. Morbi eu ullamcorper lectus.
Nunc lacinia, neque sit amet euismod laoreet, quam velit posuere urna, in imperdiet ipsum orci ut justo. Donec nec semper odio. Proin pretium mi quis nisi dictum ullamcorper. Integer erat dolor, congue et augue in, lobortis dapibus lorem. Fusce eu aliquet ligula. Proin ex turpis, euismod tincidunt velit eu, cursus lobortis nulla. Morbi quis mattis dui. Maecenas molestie erat iaculis risus eleifend, at facilisis quam hendrerit. Cras nec sapien convallis, volutpat sapien non, bibendum felis. Ut dignissim velit quis dictum sodales. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Nullam vitae accumsan ipsum. Proin malesuada lacus odio, ac efficitur erat viverra eget. Praesent sit amet purus justo. Donec iaculis libero at nunc imperdiet, eget mollis nunc pretium. Maecenas sollicitudin nibh et augue congue bibendum.
