Difference between revisions of "Team:HAFS-Korea/Description"

 
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<h2> Project Description </h2>
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<h1> Project Description </h1>
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<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/thumb/c/c7/3b0.png/799px-3b0.png width=95%>
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<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/thumb/1/18/3b1.png/633px-3b1.png width=95%>
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<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/thumb/2/26/3b2.png/476px-3b2.png width=95%>
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<img src=https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/thumb/d/de/3b3.png/751px-3b3.png width=95%>
  
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<p>Corns of Wrath <h>
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<h2>Pretreatment</h2>
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<p>In this step, corn stover, or the leaf and stem part of the corn, is powdered into fine corn powder, which allows its chemical components to have greatest surface area interacting with enzymes and other chemical substances.</p>
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<p>After that, the corn powder goes through a tank full of sulphuric acid. This step is for achieving three main goals: dissolving cellular wall, dissolving lignin (the component of corn that gives structural stability) , and saccharification. When lignin is dissolved, hemicellulose of corn is exposed to sulphuric acid, so that it can be broken down into four smaller sugars: xylose, mannose, arabinose, and galactose. This process is called saccharification.
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This entire process leaves us with juice of sugars and cellulose, that must be detoxified for the next step, cellulose hydrolysis and fermentation.
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Cellulose hydrolysis and fermentation</p>
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<p>Cellulose hydrolysis is the breakdown of cellulose through the enzyme cellulase produced from E-Corni of our project. For this reaction to happen, sufficient amount of water has to be piped through the reactor. The process of cellulose hydrolysis breaks down cellulose into glucose, adding glucose to the 'sugar juice' that now contains four different kind of sugars: xylose, mannose, arabinose, galactose, and glucose. This juice then interacts with the yeast in the reactor to become ethanol. The extraction of the CO2 produced in the process, along with the absorption of water and sugar juice, is all controlled by natural forces such as the gas pressure and centripetal force. The produced ethanol is then extracted through a centrifuge de-liquification process.</p>
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<p>The cellulose hydrolysis and fermentation will occur simultaneously in the same tank to enhance speed. This process is called “simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation”. </p>
  
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<p>It is a strange new world. <h>
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<h4>image reference
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Famine and malnutrition is on the loose, but the food production is on the rise. <h>
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</h4>
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Farm labors are worth a few small dime, but the farmlands are expanding all the time.  <h>
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From where does these problems come from? Who are to blame? And where can we find the solution? Now, it takes a long story to tell how we came up with our own answer. It takes a half a semester of an Eng-lit class, an equivalent amount of classroom drowsiness, and a biochemistry article.  <h>
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Contrary to common belief, cars can eat food like people, too. Of course, they won’t be able to consume corn tortillas or puddings, but nonetheless, they can eat crops. Such became possible by the science of ethanol fermentation, a technology that produces biofuels easier and cheaper than contemporary petroleum in regions like the Southern US. This was a breakthrough for many fuel-thirsty nations of Europe and North America. Biofuels save the Earth, according to many environmentalists, and yet considerably cheaper. At this point, no one realized the real problem behind this seemingly fantastic innovation. That’s what we learned  <h>
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The true failure of biofuels, especially the ethanol biofuels, lies not in its feasibility or capabilities, but in the social structure it resides. Limited landmass, limited transportation, and global inequalities of capital allows the misallocation of crop supply.  <h>
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Project description <h>
 
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Our goal basically is to suggest a method to turn the inedible cellulose part of the corn into ethanol, saving the edible parts for human consumption and processing fuel at the same time-not to mention reducing waste. The current situation is a dilemma between our economic and humanistic priorities. Of course, we So we thought; if we could keep the food and still produce ethanol, the dilemma
 
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</p>
 
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<br />
 
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<h5>What should this page contain?</h5>
 
 
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<li> A clear and concise description of your project.</li>
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<li><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-05/nsf-wp052708.php">http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-05/nsf-wp052708.php</a></li>
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<li>A detailed explanation of why your team chose to work on this particular project.</li>
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<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemicellulose#/media/File:Hemicellulose.png">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemicellulose#/media/File:Hemicellulose.png</a></li>
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<li>References and sources to document your research.</li>
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<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylose#/media/File:Xylofuranose.png">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylose#/media/File:Xylofuranose.png</a></li>
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<li>Use illustrations and other visual resources to explain your project.</li>
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</ul>
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<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannose#/media/File:Mannose_structure.svg">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannose#/media/File:Mannose_structure.svg</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://www.biotek.com/resources/articles/enzymatic-digestion-of-polysaccharides-2.html">http://www.biotek.com/resources/articles/enzymatic-digestion-of-polysaccharides-2.html</a></li>
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<li><a href=https://www.finedininglovers.com/stories/what-is-yeast-food-science/">https://www.finedininglovers.com/stories/what-is-yeast-food-science/</a></li>
  
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<li><a href=http://www.survivingtoxicmold.com/moldy_foods">http://www.survivingtoxicmold.com/moldy_foods</a></li>
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<h4>Advice on writing your Project Description</h4>
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<p>
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We encourage you to put up a lot of information and content on your wiki, but we also encourage you to include summaries as much as possible. If you think of the sections in your project description as the sections in a publication, you should try to be consist, accurate and unambiguous in your achievements.
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Judges like to read your wiki and know exactly what you have achieved. This is how you should think about these sections; from the point of view of the judge evaluating you at the end of the year.
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</p>
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<br />
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<h4>References</h4>
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<p>iGEM teams are encouraged to record references you use during the course of your research. They should be posted somewhere on your wiki so that judges and other visitors can see how you though about your project and what works inspired you.</p>
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<h4>Inspiration</h4>
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<p>See how other teams have described and presented their projects: </p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:Imperial/Project"> Imperial</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:UC_Davis/Project_Overview"> UC Davis</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:SYSU-Software/Overview">SYSU Software</a></li>
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Latest revision as of 02:53, 19 September 2015

Project Description

Pretreatment

In this step, corn stover, or the leaf and stem part of the corn, is powdered into fine corn powder, which allows its chemical components to have greatest surface area interacting with enzymes and other chemical substances.

After that, the corn powder goes through a tank full of sulphuric acid. This step is for achieving three main goals: dissolving cellular wall, dissolving lignin (the component of corn that gives structural stability) , and saccharification. When lignin is dissolved, hemicellulose of corn is exposed to sulphuric acid, so that it can be broken down into four smaller sugars: xylose, mannose, arabinose, and galactose. This process is called saccharification. This entire process leaves us with juice of sugars and cellulose, that must be detoxified for the next step, cellulose hydrolysis and fermentation. Cellulose hydrolysis and fermentation

Cellulose hydrolysis is the breakdown of cellulose through the enzyme cellulase produced from E-Corni of our project. For this reaction to happen, sufficient amount of water has to be piped through the reactor. The process of cellulose hydrolysis breaks down cellulose into glucose, adding glucose to the 'sugar juice' that now contains four different kind of sugars: xylose, mannose, arabinose, galactose, and glucose. This juice then interacts with the yeast in the reactor to become ethanol. The extraction of the CO2 produced in the process, along with the absorption of water and sugar juice, is all controlled by natural forces such as the gas pressure and centripetal force. The produced ethanol is then extracted through a centrifuge de-liquification process.

The cellulose hydrolysis and fermentation will occur simultaneously in the same tank to enhance speed. This process is called “simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation”.

image reference