Team:Utah State/Practices

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Human Practices

Some sort of subheading.

GRAS

To date, no genetically engineered starter cultures have been approved for use in the USA by the FDA, and specific criteria for approval has yet to be established [1, 2]. This lack of approval is commonly attributed to a lack of consumer knowledge and understanding [2]. Because of the countless foreseeable benefits using genetically engineered starter cultures and the amount of increased potential profits in industrial cheese production, scientist continue research into the area and remain optimistic for future approval [2]. Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) is a status given by the USDA for allowable food additives. L. lactis is a GRAS organism, having FDA approval for food-grade applications [3]. Because the promoters and all subsequent genetic elements incorporated within this project are of lactococcal origin, it is a reasonable assumption that they should rationally meet the requirements of being considered GRAS, making this a promising model for P335 lytic phage detection and defense in future approved genetically engineered starter cultures [3].

Cheese Factory Tour with Carl Brotherson

CheeseTourFactory

The USU iGEM team met with Carl Brotherson, Associate Director of the Western Dairy center to learn more about the cheese-making process. Carl is very familiar with methods and techniques of the production of cheese. During the meeting Carl explained different types of bacteria used and various methods of creating different types of cheese. Carl specifically noted stages of the process where phage infection becomes a concern, which is where the iGEM project should come in handy: preventing phage from ruining a batch of cheese. He also spent some time describing GRAS and how these standards affect what can be done about preventing phage from infecting cheese starter cultures. After the information session Carl also gave a tour of the facilities and explained the different machines used in the factory.

CheeseTourClassroom

This is another holder so we can talk about Chase and Cody's trip to Blanding to talk about iGEM.

STEAM EXPO: USU Eastern Blanding Campus April 10 & 11 2015

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Blanding Water

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This is a place holder for descriptions about the cheese tour to show how the text will wrap.Ut est scripserit comprehensam, aliquam volutpat ut mel. Alterum nusquam appellantur ea sea, timeam interesset quo ad. Cu essent admodum vim. Usu feugiat detraxit tractatos ei, mel ad facilisis salutatus. Dolore partiendo signiferumque usu an, no sale nostro oporteat pri. Te nulla officiis honestatis vis. Duo soluta eripuit bonorum ea, meliore repudiandae consectetuer eam ut. Graece latine gubergren id ius, fuisset sadipscing no cum. Vel eu accumsan apeirian. No vix intellegam referrentur, an cetero suscipiantur his.

References:

  1. Hansen EB (2002) Commercial bacterial starter cultures for fermented foods of the future. Int J Food Microbiol 78:119–31. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00238-6
  2. Soccol CR, Pandey A, Larroche C (2013) Fermentation Processes Engineering in the Food Industry. CRC Press
  3. Djordjevic GM, O’Sullivan DJ, Walker SA, et al. (1997) A triggered-suicide system designed as a defense against bacteriophages. J Bacteriol 179:6741–6748.